Reza Didarian, Saharnaz Bargh, Almina Gülerman, Veli Cengiz Özalp, Özcan Erel, Nimet Yildirim-Tirgil
{"title":"Selection of DNA Aptamers Against Parathyroid Hormone for Electrochemical Impedimetric Biosensor System Development.","authors":"Reza Didarian, Saharnaz Bargh, Almina Gülerman, Veli Cengiz Özalp, Özcan Erel, Nimet Yildirim-Tirgil","doi":"10.1002/bab.2745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.2745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work presents the pioneering development of an aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor for real-time monitoring of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, with a focus on intraoperative assessment during parathyroid surgery. It introduces, for the first time, the selection and characterization of aptamers targeting distinct segments of the PTH peptide. The study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of the biosensing platform through a precisely designed experimental framework, including SELEX-based aptamer selection, aptamer-peptide interaction analysis, and biosensor fabrication. The SELEX process yields aptamers with notable binding affinities to different fragments of PTH, with the PTH (53-84) aptamer showing particularly sensitive binding to the hormone's C terminus, allowing for precise PTH analysis. Electrochemical characterization reveals significant changes in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) signals upon exposure to varying PTH concentrations, highlighting the sensor's sensitivity and selectivity. The increase in charge transfer resistance (Rct) values with rising PTH concentrations underscores the biosensor's capability to detect PTH-induced structural changes, validating its potential for accurate measurement. The biosensor shows remarkable selectivity in the presence of common interferents in serum samples, ensuring precise PTH detection. Stability assessments over a 45-day storage period demonstrate the biosensor's robustness and long-term reliability, affirming its practical suitability. In summary, the developed aptamer-based biosensor represents a promising tool for sensitive and selective PTH detection, with potential applications in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics, particularly for intraoperative PTH analysis during parathyroidectomy. Continued research and optimization efforts hold promise for enhancing its performance and expanding its utility in diverse healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"e2745"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shanshan Mao, Yu Zhang, Chaoqun Chen, Liu Cong, Zuobin Zhu, Zhiyu Xie, Ying Li
{"title":"Diagnosis Accuracy of Raman Spectroscopy in the Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria.","authors":"Shanshan Mao, Yu Zhang, Chaoqun Chen, Liu Cong, Zuobin Zhu, Zhiyu Xie, Ying Li","doi":"10.1002/bab.2741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.2741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As an emerging technology, Raman spectroscopy (RS) has been used to identify pathogenic bacteria with excellent performance. The aim of this study was to verify the diagnosis accuracy of RS in identification of pathogenic bacteria. This meta-analysis systematically evaluated the accuracy of RS for identification of pathogenic bacteria. We searched the electronic databases of PubMed and Web of Science to obtain relevant articles; STATA 15.1 was used to analyze all sensitivities, specificies, and their 95% confidence interval (CI). The summary receiver operating characteristic curves (SROC) and area under the curve (AUC) were used to display more performance of RS. Nineteen articles were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of RS for the identification of pathogenic bacteria were 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89-0.96) and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.97-0.99). The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 1209 (95% CI, 367-3980), and AUC of SROC was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98-1.00). For gram-positive bacteria, the sensitivity and specificity of different species ranged from 0.00 to 1.00 and 0.96 to 1.00, with a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.90-0.98) and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98-1.00). For gram-negative bacteria, the sensitivity and specificity of different species ranged from 0.30 to 1.00 and 0.92 to 1.00, with a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.76-0.98) and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98-1.00). For acid-fast bacteria, the sensitivity and specificity of different species ranged from 0.83 to 1.00 and 0.96 to 1.00, with a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.84-0.99) and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.96-1.00). RS provides a new method for pathogenic bacteria identification and demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity for most included species.</p>","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"e2741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RETRACTION: Downregulation of SDCBP Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis by Regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Gastric Carcinoma.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bab.2733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.2733","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Apelin-13 Alleviates Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Decline by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction via the SIRT3/Foxo3 Pathway.","authors":"Shanshan Hu, Chaoyang Lan, Shengnan Shu, Lu Wang","doi":"10.1002/bab.2743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.2743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction is on the rise, yet clinical interventions to prevent this condition remain limited. Apelin-13, an endogenous peptide known for its positive inotropic and vasoactive properties, has been shown to exert diverse effects across various tissues and cell types. However, its potential protective role in diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD) remains poorly understood. To investigate this, we established a rodent diabetes model using a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ, intraperitoneal injection, 60 mg/kg). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze and Y-maze tests. Additionally, we employed a range of techniques, including intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (IPGTT), insulin tolerance tests (ITT), immunofluorescence labeling, real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Our results demonstrate that apelin-13 administration alleviated diabetes symptoms in the diabetic mouse model. Specifically, apelin-13 improved cognitive performance in both the Y-maze and Morris water maze tests. In the hippocampus of treated mice, apelin-13 reduced oxidative stress by enhancing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), while decreasing levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Furthermore, apelin-13 improved mitochondrial function in the hippocampus by restoring the activities of COX I and COX IV (but not COX II) and increasing ATP production. Apelin-13 also restored SIRT3 expression and elevated the NAD+/NADH ratio in the hippocampus. As a result, apelin-13 facilitated the deacetylation and nuclear translocation of Foxo3a in the hippocampus. When SIRT3 was silenced, the beneficial effects of apelin-13 on oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and cognitive impairment in diabetic mice were significantly diminished, underscoring the critical role of SIRT3 in these processes. In summary, our findings suggest that apelin-13 mitigates DACD by reducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction through the SIRT3/Foxo3 pathway. These results highlight apelin-13 as a promising therapeutic candidate for DACD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"e2743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alaa Anwer Ali Dada, Ertan Yildirim, Sinan Mithat Muhammed, Servet Çete
{"title":"Fabrication of Polypyrrole-Polystyrene Sulfonate by Amperometric Biosensor-Based Electropolymerization for Cholesterol Determination in Serum.","authors":"Alaa Anwer Ali Dada, Ertan Yildirim, Sinan Mithat Muhammed, Servet Çete","doi":"10.1002/bab.2742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.2742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since cholesterol triggers many diseases, many methods have been developed for its determination. In this study, an alternative system for cholesterol determination was developed by preparing amperometric biosensors. In the development of the biosensor, Pt/polypyrrole-polystyrene sulfonate film was prepared by electropolymerization of polypyrrole in polystyrene sulfonate medium using platinum surfaces. The cholesterol oxidase enzyme was immobilized on the prepared platinum/polypyrrole-polystyrene sulfonate electrode. For molecular determination in the prepared cholesterol biosensor, a series of enzymatic reactions were performed on the enzyme electrode surface at +0.40 V by utilizing the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide. The effects of environmental conditions such as temperature and pH that affect the performance of the biosensor were investigated, and the most suitable conditions for the biosensor were determined. The linear working range of the amperometric biosensor for cholesterol determination was determined. In enzyme immobilization, calculations were made for the Michaelis-Menten constants K<sub>m</sub> and V<sub>max</sub> values. Storage life and reproducibility of cholesterol biosensor were determined. Cholesterol determination in biological fluid (blood) was performed with the prepared biosensor. The fact that the fabricated amperometric-based cholesterol biosensor can be used for the diagnosis of many diseases is important in terms of early diagnosis in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"e2742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication of Bioconjugates Clacked Chitosan-Coated SN-38 Liposomal Nanoparticles: Improved Precise Chemotherapy Efficacy in Lung Cancer Cells and Its Apoptosis.","authors":"Xiaojun Zhang, Wei Sun, Changting Liu","doi":"10.1002/bab.2740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.2740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Employing an active targeting method with monoclonal antibodies for chemotherapeutics-loaded nanocarriers represents a promising option to enhance the specific drug delivery and alleviate the detrimental effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Targeted delivery to the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), which is overexpressed in HER2+ lung cancerous cells, can be accomplished by conjugating nanoparticles with a monoclonal antibody (anti-HER2). We developed trastuzumab (TZ)-conjugated chitosan iodoacetamide (CsIA)-coated liposomal nanoparticles carrying SN-38 (TZ-SN-CsIA LNPs) as a lung-targeted delivery. CsIA was used to develop trastuzumab-clacked nanoparticles (TZ LNPs). The structure, physicochemical characteristics, SN-38 encapsulation, SN-38 release, and anticancer properties of the LNPs were established. The TZ LNPs were spherical, measuring around 77 nm in diameter, and exhibited a positive zeta potential; upon drug incorporation, the diameter of the TZ LNPs enlarged. A sustained, 24-h SN-38 release from the nanocarriers was accomplished. TZ LNPs demonstrated substantial cellular accumulation and markedly enhanced anticancer efficacy against HER2+ Calu-3 lung adenocarcinoma cancer cells compared to the drug solution and unconjugated LNPs. Consequently, TZ-SN-CsIA LNPs may be a potential nanocarrier for HER2+ lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"e2740"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin-Xin Liu, Selar Izzat, Guang-Qiang Wang, Zhi-Qiang Xiong, Lian-Zhong Ai
{"title":"Research Progress on Biosynthesis and Regulation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Lactic Acid Bacteria.","authors":"Xin-Xin Liu, Selar Izzat, Guang-Qiang Wang, Zhi-Qiang Xiong, Lian-Zhong Ai","doi":"10.1002/bab.2737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.2737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has gained considerable attention and has been extensively studied owing to its physiological functions, including weight loss, immune regulation, and anti-carcinogenesis. However, the CLA content is very low in natural sources and insufficient to exert a probiotic effect. Additionally, its chemical synthesis is limited by the lack of isomer selectivity, harsh reaction conditions, and the introduction of organic solvents. Therefore, the synthesis of CLA by microorganisms, especially lactic acid bacteria, holds great promise because of its isomer selectivity, green process, and probiotic effects of lactic acid bacteria. This article reviews the CLA biosynthesis abilities and mechanisms of CLA producers, particularly lactic acid bacteria. In addition, the factors that impact the CLA yield are discussed. Special attention has been paid to the regulation of CLA synthesis, including the optimization of culture media and conditions, co-culturing of different strains, and regulation of the activity and expression of CLA-related enzymes. Furthermore, prospective future research directions for CLA biosynthesis regulation are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hailing Yang, Yan Li, Kuo Qu, Chunmei Zhang, Mei Ding, Yang Liu
{"title":"Plasma Exosomal circRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Patients with Septic Shock-Induced Acute Kidney Injury.","authors":"Hailing Yang, Yan Li, Kuo Qu, Chunmei Zhang, Mei Ding, Yang Liu","doi":"10.1002/bab.2736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.2736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is marked by high mortality and poor prognosis. Recent studies suggest that exosomal circRNAs regulate key pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, processes central to sepsis-induced AKI. This study investigates the differential expression of exosomal circRNAs and their functional implications in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced AKI. Patients with sepsis-induced AKI and healthy volunteers were recruited for the research. Whole blood samples were collected, and exosomes were isolated and characterized through particle detection, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot for exosomal marker proteins. Real-time PCR was used to analyze exosomal circRNAs, including circ-Fryl, circ-TLK1, circ-PTK2, circ-Ttc3, circ-VMA21, and circ_0091702. Additionally, assays were performed to assess cell proliferation, apoptosis, and uptake in HK-2 cells exposed to exosomes from both control and sepsis-induced AKI samples. Seven patients with sepsis-induced AKI and six healthy individuals were enrolled. Exosomal protein markers were analyzed from plasma samples of both groups. Exosomes from the sepsis-induced AKI group (mean particle diameter: 146.1 nm) and the control group (mean particle diameter: 150.9 nm) exhibited a characteristic spherical morphology. Plasma levels of circ-Ttc3 (p < 0.05), circ-Fryl (p < 0.01), and circ_0091702 (p < 0.01) were notably lower in the sepsis-induced AKI group relative to the control group. Additionally, HK-2 cells exposed to sepsis-induced AKI exosomes showed upregulation of circ-Ttc3 and downregulation of circ-TLK1. Following exposure to sepsis-induced AKI exosomes, HK-2 cell viability decreased while apoptosis increased. circRNAs such as circ-Ttc3, circ-TLK1, circ-Fryl, and circ_0091702 hold potential as candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets for sepsis-induced AKI.</p>","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chenhong Wang, Zheng Chen, Guannan Bai, Lizhong Du, Yuan Shi, Liping Shi
{"title":"A Prediction Nomogram for Moderate-to-Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Chinese Very Preterm Infants With Respiratory Distress: A Multi‑Center Prospective Study.","authors":"Chenhong Wang, Zheng Chen, Guannan Bai, Lizhong Du, Yuan Shi, Liping Shi","doi":"10.1002/bab.2718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.2718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (msBPD) is a prevalent and severe condition in very preterm infants, contributing to long-term respiratory issues. Developing a predictive model specific to the Chinese population could support early intervention. This research focused on determining risk factors and developing a predictive model for msBPD in very preterm infants with respiratory distress, following the 2018 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development criteria. A prospective multicenter study was conducted across 26 tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in China from March 2020 to March 2022. Infants born at < 32 weeks' gestation, admitted within 72 h of birth with a respiratory score ≥ 5, were enrolled. Infants were assigned at random to either a training cohort (800 infants from 18 NICUs) or an external validation cohort (397 infants from 8 NICUs). Predictive factors were identified using multivariate logistic regression and Lasso regression, leading to the development of a prediction nomogram. Key independent predictors included birth weight, surfactant use, early pulmonary hypertension, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, and necrotizing enterocolitis (Stages II-III). The model demonstrated high accuracy in the training cohort (AUC = 0.844) with good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, p = 0.247). Independent validation showed consistent discrimination (AUC = 0.849) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, p = 0.333), while decision curve analysis confirmed clinical benefit. The developed nomogram-based model offers reliable early msBPD risk assessment in very preterm infants, supporting timely clinical interventions within Chinese NICUs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md Shimul Bhuia, Raihan Chowdhury, Rubel Hasan, Md Sakib Al Hasan, Siddique Akber Ansari, Irfan Aamer Ansari, Mohammad S Mubarak, Henrique D M Coutinho, Carolina Bandeira Domiciano, Muhammad Torequl Islam
{"title":"trans-Ferulic Acid Antagonizes the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Etoricoxib: Possible Interaction of COX-1 and NOS.","authors":"Md Shimul Bhuia, Raihan Chowdhury, Rubel Hasan, Md Sakib Al Hasan, Siddique Akber Ansari, Irfan Aamer Ansari, Mohammad S Mubarak, Henrique D M Coutinho, Carolina Bandeira Domiciano, Muhammad Torequl Islam","doi":"10.1002/bab.2739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.2739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study emphasizes to investigate the modulatory activity of trans-ferulic acid (TFA) on anti-inflammatory activity of etoricoxib (ETO) and underlying mechanisms via formalin-induced licking and paw edema model and in silico study. Inflammation was induced by injecting formalin (50 µL) into the right hind paw of mice. The animals were treated with different doses of TFA (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg, p.o.). The vehicle and ETO (35 mg/kg, p.o.) were provided as positive and negative control, respectively. ETO also served combined with TFA to evaluate the modulatory activity. The licking behavior was counted for the early and late phases, whereas the paw edema diameter was measured by using a slide caliper. All treatment was continued for 7 days until the edema was totally minimized to determine the inflammation's recovery capability for a specific group. Different computed and web tools were used to estimate molecular binding affinity, binding interactions, and pharmacokinetics. The findings demonstrated that TFA significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the onset of licking and reduced the number of licks compared to vehicle group. TFA also showed a significant (p < 0.05) diminished in paw edema and complete recovered of the edema after 5 days of treatment indicating the anti-inflammatory effects. However, TFA with ETO notably diminished the anti-inflammatory effects of ETO by enhancing paw edema diameter and licking number. TFA also expressed elevated binding affinity of -7.5 and -6.5 kcal/mol toward nitric oxide (NO) synthase and COX-1, respectively. In conclusion, TFA exerted anti-inflammatory effects and reduces anti-inflammatory capability of ETO.</p>","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}