Biotechnology and applied biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Design, Characterization, and Efficacy of ASEnd: A Novel Chimeric Endolysin for Targeting Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.","authors":"Sarvenaz Janbaz, Amir Savardashtaki, Marziyeh Asadi, Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh, Mehrdad Gholami, Seyed Ehsan Enderami, Amir Maleksabet","doi":"10.1002/bab.70212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.70212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), represents a major public health threat, with limited treatment options. Bacteriophage-derived endolysins and their engineered chimeric derivatives have attracted attention as alternative antibacterial agents due to their rapid bacteriolytic activity, target specificity, and low resistance propensity. ASEnd was constructed by fusing the enzymatically active LYZ2 domain from S. aureus phage φMR11 with the SH3b-type cell wall-binding domain from phage K via a flexible (G4S)₃ linker. Structural integrity was assessed in silico using Ramachandran plot analysis, ERRAT, Verify3D, and ProSA-web. The recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against MRSA, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), and other bacterial strains using disk diffusion, turbidity reduction, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. pH tolerance, storage stability, and cytotoxicity toward HEK-293 cells were also examined. ASEnd was obtained as a soluble 34.7 kDa protein with favorable structural metrics (>99% of residues in favored Ramachandran regions). The protein exhibited potent activity against S. aureus, producing inhibition zones up to 19 mm and rapidly reducing turbidity at low concentrations. ASEnd demonstrated MIC and MBC values of 1.56 and 3.125 µg/mL, respectively, representing a 16-fold improvement over LYZ2. The enzyme retained activity between pH 6 and 8, but declined significantly below pH 5, and gradual loss was observed during storage at 4°C (21%, 42%, and 78% reductions after 1, 7, and 14 days), with complete inactivation after 3 weeks. ASEnd showed no cytotoxicity toward HEK-293 cells and displayed selective activity against MRSA and MSSA, with limited cross-reactivity against Streptococcus pyogenes (2.4-fold lower) and no effect on E. coli. These findings identify ASEnd as a rationally designed chimeric endolysin with enhanced potency and selectivity against S. aureus and a favorable safety profile. Further stability optimization, clinical isolate testing, and in vivo validation are required to establish its therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the Secretion Efficiency of EGFP in Pichia pastoris Through N-Glycosylation and SOD1-Mediated Redox Regulation.","authors":"Yaying Xie, Yuxuan Lin, Yujing Yu, Wenhui Wang, Yao Lin, Yide Huang","doi":"10.1002/bab.70217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.70217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pichia pastoris has emerged as a highly efficient heterologous protein expression system with significant potential for secretory production. However, its secretion efficiency is influenced by multiple factors, among which intracellular redox homeostasis plays a critical role. In this study, differential EGFP-secreting strains (GS115-High/Low) were constructed via genomic integration of site-directed mutations at N-glycosylation sites in the α-mating factor signal peptide of P. pastoris. Notably, the expression of the superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene was significantly upregulated in the high-secretion strain GS115-High. To further investigate the regulatory role of SOD1 in protein secretion, the SOD1 gene was overexpressed in both high- and low-secretion strains. Experimental results demonstrated that SOD1 overexpression markedly enhanced EGFP secretion in the high-secretion strain (p ≤ 0.05), but had no significant effect on the low-secretion strain. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that amino acid metabolism pathways and oxidoreductase activity were significantly enhanced in the high-secretion strain, suggesting a synergistic optimization of secretion efficiency through metabolic resource reallocation and antioxidant capacity. This study demonstrates that glycosylation modification and SOD1-mediated redox regulation both contribute to enhanced EGFP secretion, providing a basis for a \"glycosylation-antioxidant\" dual-track optimization strategy for the rational design of industrial P. pastoris strains and high-efficiency protein production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential for Carotenoid and Other Bioproducts Production by a Brazilian Dunaliella salina Isolate Using a High Photon Flux Density Strategy.","authors":"Camylle Guimarães Scheliga, Izabela Queiroz Silva, Lucielen Oliveira Santos, Cláudia Maria Luz Lapa Teixeira","doi":"10.1002/bab.70215","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bab.70215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dunaliella species are among the most significant biological sources of carotenoids, notably beta-carotene. Given that chemical synthesis offers a more cost-effective alternative to biotechnological cultivation, optimizing production strategies is essential for economic viability. This study investigated the optimization of bioproduct synthesis in a Brazilian strain of Dunaliella salina by evaluating the effects of high photon flux density (PFD) and temperature under low-salinity conditions (1 mol L^-1 NaCl) to facilitate downstream processing. Batch cultivations were conducted at 26°C across a PFD gradient ranging from 100 to 2000 µmol photons m^-2 s^-1, with additional cultivations performed at 30°C under maximum irradiance. The results demonstrated that increasing PFD to 2000 µmol photons m^-2 s^-1 significantly enhanced metabolic performance, yielding a 25% increase in biomass concentration, a 62% rise in biomass productivity, and an 82% surge in total carotenoid production. Furthermore, carbohydrate content increased by 61%, whereas lipid levels remained stable, exhibiting a fatty acid profile conducive to biodiesel production. The temperature variation up to 30°C had no effect on biomass concentration or biomass composition, affecting only the fatty acid composition. These findings underscore the robust potential of this strain for the large-scale biotechnological production of carotenoids and other high-value compounds within a biorefinery framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-Driven Multimodal Analysis of Neuroimaging and Speech Data for Diagnosis of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Epilepsy","authors":"Poorna Verma,&nbsp;Tanvi Dhamdhere,&nbsp;Aqsa Shaikh,&nbsp;Harsh Saxena,&nbsp;Sagarika Saha,&nbsp;Sanket Bapat","doi":"10.1002/bab.70169","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bab.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the application of machine learning (ML) techniques combined with neuroimaging and speech signal processing for the early detection of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. A multisource analysis dataset consisting of neuro-images and speech features was utilized to train and evaluate various ML classifiers, such as <i>K</i>-nearest neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Decision Trees, XGBoost, and ADABoost. Performance assessment was based on metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, <i>F</i>1 score, and AUC–ROC. Among all models, KNN demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy and overall performance, with an accuracy of 92.8% and an <i>F</i>1 score of 0.953. The results suggest that KNN is particularly well-suited for classifying neurological conditions using integrated biomedical data. Although these findings highlight the promise of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven approaches in neurological diagnostics, further validation with diverse datasets is recommended to improve generalizability and clinical relevance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":"73 5","pages":"2248-2258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytocomponents Derived From Naturally Growing Chamaedorea seifrizii as Novel α-Amylase Inhibitors for Diabetes Management: In Vitro and In Silico Approach","authors":"Amrita Chauhan,&nbsp;Arun Dev Sharma,&nbsp;Inderjeet Kaur,&nbsp;Anindya Sundar Panja,&nbsp;Sk Aftabul Alam","doi":"10.1002/bab.70178","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bab.70178","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Blocking the enzyme alpha-amylase is a promising approach for treating Type 2 diabetes. Although they have been employed as blood-sugar reducers, medicinal phytocompounds have limited ability to inhibit α-amylase. The bamboo plant &lt;i&gt;Chamaedorea seifrizii&lt;/i&gt; is mostly used for its esthetic qualities and air-purifying capabilities. Further study is necessary because there are not many studies on this plant's phytochemical composition and anti-α-amylase capability. Therefore, this study's goal was chemical profiling, followed by an in vitro experiment to assess the anti-α-amylase capability of &lt;i&gt;C. seifrizii’&lt;/i&gt;s flowers and fruits, and an in silico docking of important bioactive chemicals against α-amylase. The bioactive ingredients in &lt;i&gt;C. seifrizii&lt;/i&gt; auxiliary inflorescence acetone extract (CIAE) and &lt;i&gt;C. seifrizii&lt;/i&gt; fruit acetone extract (CFAE) were identified using GC–FID. The web program Cb-dock2 was utilized for docking. Additionally, two-dimensional interactions between ligands and the target enzyme were examined. After molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) computations were performed. The PASS prediction of every ligand and the in silico ADMET pharmacoinformatic perspective were evaluated. The α-amylase inhibition assay was used for wet lab validation. A total of 17 (in CIAE) and 21 (in CFAE) phytocomponents were identified by GC–FID. Major phytocompounds were phenethyl cinnamate (45%) in CIAE and nezukol in (10%) CFAE along with other minor components, such as resveratrol, hinokione, butylated hydroxyanisole, sandaracopimarinol (CFAE), larixol, taxodione, methyl pentanoate, and cedrene epoxide (CIAE). Docking analysis showed that every ligand from CIAE and CFAE effectively bound to the enzyme but with varied affinity. Sandaracopimarinol from CIAE and taxodione from CFAE were detected as best docked compounds with vina score ranging from 8.9 to 8.3, respectively. The stability of docked complexes was further confirmed by the post-MD analysis of the best docked structure, as seen by the root mean square deviation (RMSD) and radius of gyration (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;) values. MM-PBSA analysis revealed best docked structure with binding energy −72.2 kJ mol&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;. According to the results of the in silico ADMET analysis, all the ligand molecules showed good absorption and did not cause any harmful effects. In a kinetic study, CIAE and CFAE were found to inhibit α-amylase in a noncompetitive way. To best of our knowledge, this is first time study reporting bioactive chemicals from &lt;i&gt;C. seifrizii&lt;/i&gt; extracts exhibiting anti-α-amylase potential. To validate these results, more studies utilizing clinical trials and animal models are required. This study claimed that due to richness of phytocompounds, &lt;i&gt;C. seifrizii&lt;/i&gt; extracts may help to block the enzyme α-amylase, which leads to the creation of new drugs for diabetes.&lt;","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":"73 5","pages":"2349-2372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis and In Vitro Evaluation of Probiotic Attributes of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Subsp. plantarum Strains Isolated From Fragaria ananassa","authors":"Mausamy C. Nandha,&nbsp;Rishit A. Soni,&nbsp;Rachana M. Shukla","doi":"10.1002/bab.70160","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bab.70160","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains are a group of probiotics that have gained significant attention due to their potential to modulate the gut microbiota and promote human health. This study aims to characterize the commendable probiotic properties of LAB isolated from <i>Fragaria ananassa</i> (strawberry) samples collected in Navsari, South Gujarat, India. LAB strains are essential for gastrointestinal health and were meticulously assessed for critical probiotic traits, including bile and acid resistance, bile salt hydrolysis activity (BSH), resistance to antibiotics and lysozyme, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, α-glucosidase activity, antibacterial activity, and diverse cell surface properties. The LAB strains exhibited varying survival rates in simulated gastric (3.55–7.05 log CFU/mL) and intestinal environments (1.86–6.40 log CFU/mL). Moreover, the ability of the bacteria to survive in bile salts varied from 26.10% to 96.55% for 0.3% oxgall and from 15.69% to 79.69% for 1.0% oxgall. Auto-aggregation rates significantly increased after 24 h for all isolates. ST3 displayed the highest hydrophobicity values (75.28% with xylene and 92.12% with chloroform). All isolates demonstrated resistance to lysozyme, vancomycin, and kanamycin. ST3 exhibited notable exopolysaccharide production (0.61 mg/mL) and displayed 46.55% α-glucosidase activity. Molecular characterization confirmed the identities of potent LAB isolates ST2 as <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> and ST3 as <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> subsp. <i>plantarum</i>. These findings illuminate the significant probiotic potential of these specific LAB isolates, providing valuable insights for further research and the development of probiotic-based interventions targeting gastrointestinal disorders.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":"73 5","pages":"2149-2164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Approach for Determining the Mechanisms and Molecular Targets of Catechins Against Epilepsy","authors":"Punam Salaria,&nbsp;Desu Gayathri Niharika,&nbsp;Satyanarayana K. Konavarapu,&nbsp;Amarendar Reddy M,&nbsp;Sung Yeol Kim","doi":"10.1002/bab.70176","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bab.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Epilepsy is a debilitating neurological disorder that impacts approximately 50 million people worldwide. The treatment of epilepsy with antiepileptic drugs has not achieved effective seizure management and thus requires new therapeutic options. This study investigated the catechins’ affect on epilepsy-related molecular targets using a computational method that combined network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MDs) simulation. We fetched 84 catechins-related and 5356 disease-associated targets from various databases, yielding 31 common targets. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of 31 common targets identified 10 hub genes, including ALB, INS, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), PTGS2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL1B, FOS, IL6, LEP, and FGF2. Further, the functional enrichment analysis revealed that these common targets have a high prevalence in multiple pathways and gene ontology functions. Furthermore, “compound-target” and “compound-gene-pathway” networks were constructed and analyzed. Network pharmacology data show TNF, IL1B, and IL6 could influence epilepsy treatment by regulating several pathways. The Cresset Flare Pro+ docking study unveiled that the lead catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), exhibited the highest Lead Finder (LF) dG scores of −10.2, −9.40, and −8.15 kcal/mol against TNF, IL6, and IL1B, respectively. The electrostatic complementarity and Molecular Mechanics with Generalized Born and surface area (MMGBSA) results supported the docking results. Further, the stability of EGCG-bound complexes was analyzed using a 300 ns MD simulation. The principal component analysis yielded promising results for the EGCG-2AZ5 and EGCG-1ALU complexes collective motion. These findings provide computational evidence suggesting that EGCG has a promising scaffold for designing multi-target molecules that could modulate epilepsy, meriting further experimental validation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":"73 5","pages":"2316-2337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147721956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Docking and Anticancerous Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized From Fruits of Prunus nepalensis Extract","authors":"Samuel Shiferaw Biresaw,&nbsp;Paratpar Sarkar,&nbsp;Pankaj Taneja,&nbsp;Neetu Kumra Taneja,&nbsp;Vivek Srivastava,&nbsp;Dibyajit Lahiri,&nbsp;Moupriya Nag","doi":"10.1002/bab.70170","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bab.70170","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nanomedicine is currently vital for different disease therapeutics. Thus, we synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles from <i>Prunus nepalensis</i> and studied the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (PNZnONPs) on the inhibition of breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MCF10A). UV‒Vis, SEM, and XRD analytical methods were used for nanoparticle characterization. MCF10A and MCF-7 cells were treated with six different doses of PNZnONPs (5, 10, 20, 40, 50, and 100 µg/mL) for the cell viability study by MTT assay. Moreover, two doses (40 and 100 µg/mL) were used for the qRT-PCR, and 100 µg/mL was used for western blotting studies to determine the levels of mRNA gene and protein expression, respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking studies revealed that protein‒ligand interactions were significantly effective in inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells. All the studied bioactive compounds showed better responses in ADMET studies. Both the mRNA and protein levels of the tumor suppressor gene p53 and the apoptotic gene Bax were upregulated in PNZnONP-treated MCF-7 cells. PNZnONPs stimulated caspase-3 enzyme activity and DNA fragmentation in MCF-7 cells and thus showed potential significant activity against cancer cell proliferation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":"73 5","pages":"2259-2276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147632334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergic Effect of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for Bioactives Recovery in Orange Peel Waste","authors":"Clara Gomez-Urios,&nbsp;Francesca Gioia Ghidotti,&nbsp;Silvia Grassi,&nbsp;Stefania Iametti,&nbsp;Maria Jose Esteve,&nbsp;Mattia Di Nunzio","doi":"10.1002/bab.70162","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bab.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Citrus wastes are a source of valuable compounds that have potential application in food industries. Despite the several methods employed for bioactive recovery, most of them are detrimental for both human health and the environment. Recently, the use of “green” extraction methods with natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) represents a promising ecofriendly approach. Moreover, the employment of enzymes could facilitate the breakdown of food matrix-bioactive interactions and enhance biomolecules extraction. The present study aimed to investigate the potential synergistic application of combined enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) and NaDES formulation on polyphenols and proteins/peptides recovery from orange peel, in comparison with conventional extraction methods. Hesperidin appeared to be the most abundant polyphenol, and its extraction seemed higher with malic acid-containing NaDES, regardless of the EAE used. In terms of antioxidant capacity, the 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay had the highest capacity with both aqueous and ethanolic extraction, whereas the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method revealed the highest values with <span>l</span>-proline:malic acid (LP:MA) pretreated with cellulase, 3% pectinase, and 0.75% protease. Moreover, the level of protein hydrolysis and peptide content was generally higher in malic acid:glucose-containing NaDES. The extract obtained from the most promising condition in term of bioactives extracted and antioxidant activities, identified as 3% pectinase followed by LP:MA, shows a cytoprotective effect at 10 µL/mL against the vehicle LP:MA by using in vitro an intestinal cell model. In conclusion, EAE and NaDES represent a combined effective and sustainable method of recovering bioactives from citrus waste, as opposed to the conventional extraction methods.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":"73 5","pages":"2165-2177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147503010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-Effective Production, Optimization, and Characterization of Alternaria citri Amylase as a Detergent Additive","authors":"Sibtain Ahmed,&nbsp;Ahmad Wakeel,&nbsp;Hina Andaleeb,&nbsp;Junaid Ahmad Raza,&nbsp;Mudassir Bashir,&nbsp;Shoaib Ahmad,&nbsp;Sheikh Muhammad Yahya Waseem","doi":"10.1002/bab.70168","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bab.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Optimized amylase production from <i>Alternaria citri</i> using low-cost waste materials was achieved, and the resulting enzyme was subsequently purified and biochemically characterized. Fermentation parameters were optimized for maximum amylase production at pH 6.0, 30°C, and 72 h incubation period, using potato peel powder as the substrate at 1%. Crude enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and gel filtration chromatography. Biochemical characterization revealed that the enzyme showed maximum catalytic activity at 50°C and pH 6.0. Kinetic analysis indicated a low <i>K</i>_m of 0.34 ± 0.008 mg/mL and a high <i>V</i>_max value of 0.52 ± 0.037 mg/mL/min, indicating strong substrate affinity and an efficient reaction rate. The enzyme showed good residual activity toward several additives. Amylase showed 85%–100% and 100%–140% activity in the presence of detergents at 40°C and 50°C, respectively, indicating excellent stability and compatibility with commercial detergents. Wash performance analysis further confirmed amylase's suitability as an additive for commercial detergents. The findings establish <i>A. citri</i>-derived amylase as a robust, thermostable, and industrially relevant biocatalyst utilizing waste materials, with significant potential for application in detergent formulations and other biotechnological processes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9274,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and applied biochemistry","volume":"73 5","pages":"2235-2247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147632324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}