BioEssaysPub Date : 2026-05-01DOI: 10.1002/bies.70143
Martin R Schiller
{"title":"Central Dogma Cycle and Network: A Model for Cell Memory.","authors":"Martin R Schiller","doi":"10.1002/bies.70143","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bies.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper proposes an extension of the traditional Central Dogma of molecular biology to a more dynamic model termed the Central Dogma cycle (CDC) and a broader network called the Central Dogma cyclic network (CDCN). While the Central Dogma is necessary for genetic information flow, it is insufficient to fully explain cellular memory, decision-making, and information management. The CDC incorporates additional well-established steps such as protein folding and networking, highlighting the cyclical nature of biological information flow. I propose that this cyclic architecture functions as a key mechanism for cellular memory, drawing analogies to memory functions in computers, such as input, read, write, execute, and erase. Within the CDCN, interconnected metabolic and signaling pathways act as logic-enabled processors that bridge DNA mutations to phenotypes. This model reframes heredity beyond nucleic acid sequences and evolution as the optimization of memory-bearing networks. It is extensible to broader biological systems such as physiological feedback loops. Understanding cellular memory through this cyclic network model offers a unified perspective on heredity, adaptation to the environment, cell processes, and the disruptions of information flow in disease pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"48 5","pages":"e70143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13162752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147873368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioEssaysPub Date : 2026-05-01DOI: 10.1002/bies.70140
Katarina Kapuralin, Claude Desplan, Rana Naja El-Danaf
{"title":"Modern Mining: The Role of Single-cell RNA Sequencing in Advancing Neuroscience Research.","authors":"Katarina Kapuralin, Claude Desplan, Rana Naja El-Danaf","doi":"10.1002/bies.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bies.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brain's vast cellular diversity and complex developmental programs have long inspired neuroscientists' efforts to understand its organization and function. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) have transformed this field, enabling the characterization of neural and glial cell types with unprecedented resolution. This had allowed us to better understand the developmental trajectories and functional specialization of cell types across multiple model organisms, from zebrafish and fruit flies, to mice and humans, but also to address the mechanisms underlying neural disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"48 5","pages":"e70140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioEssaysPub Date : 2026-05-01DOI: 10.1002/bies.70146
Yi Sheng, Zachary Markovich, Sung Min Han, Rui Xiao
{"title":"Mitochondrial Signaling and Stress Responses, Key Regulators of Aging and Longevity.","authors":"Yi Sheng, Zachary Markovich, Sung Min Han, Rui Xiao","doi":"10.1002/bies.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bies.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondria are vital not only for energy production but also for regulating signaling pathways that influence aging. While mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to age-related decline, emerging evidence shows that mild, regulated mitochondrial stress can paradoxically promote longevity. This review highlights recent advances in mitochondrial biology and aging across species. We explore the dual role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as both damaging agents and signaling molecules that activate adaptive stress responses. Key pathways such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR<sup>MT</sup>) and integrated stress response (ISR) are discussed, including their tissue-specific as well as non-cell-autonomous effects on aging. Additionally, we examine the impact of mitochondrial protein import/export, dynamics (fission, fusion, mitophagy, biogenesis), and quality control in aging. Finally, we address challenges in understanding context-dependent mitochondrial responses and mitonuclear communication. Together, these insights position mitochondria as central regulators of aging and highlight their potential as therapeutic targets to enhance health span and longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"48 5","pages":"e70146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147926539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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