British Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Dietary inflammation during pregnancy and later symptoms of offspring behavioural and emotional problems.","authors":"Courtney Dow, Rosalie Delvert, Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain, Judith van der Waerden, Laetitia Davidovic, Marie-Aline Charles, Cédric Galera, Barbara Heude","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107879","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114526107879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The maternal diet is believed to influence child neurodevelopment, at least in part, through inflammation, as dietary components can have pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. We examined the association between the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) during pregnancy and offspring symptoms of behavioural and emotional problems at 5·5 and 10 years, using data from the French nationwide Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance/French Longitudinal Study since Childhood (ELFE) birth cohort. Dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed using a validated FFQ, and an E-DII score was generated. Child behavioural and emotional symptoms, including hyperactivity-inattention, conduct, peer-relationship and emotional problems, were evaluated by parents using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at 5·5 (<i>n</i> 9627) and 10 years (<i>n</i> 8362) for hyperactivity-inattention, conduct, peer-relationship and emotional problems. Children were classified into three categories based on thresholds used to identify clinically relevant symptoms: 'Normal', 'Borderline' and 'Atypical'. Multinomial logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders was used to estimate OR and 95 % CI. An increasing maternal E-DII score during pregnancy was associated with higher odds of offspring classified with atypical hyperactivity-inattention and conduct problem scores at 5·5 and 10 years, atypical peer-relationship problem scores at 10 years and atypical emotional problem scores at 10 years (differentially by sex). A more pro-inflammatory diet during pregnancy was consistently associated with higher odds of symptoms of externalising problems throughout childhood and with internalising problems at 10 years. Future research should explore the mechanisms by which prenatal exposure to maternal diet-induced inflammation may contribute to these outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The associations between coffee consumption timing patterns and metabolic syndrome: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2018.","authors":"Maoqi Shen, Cheng Wei, Liang Tang, Shenghua Zhou","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107971","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114526107971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence on the association between coffee consumption timing patterns and metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence remains limited. This cross-sectional study analysed data from 11 632 participants aged 20 years or older in eight National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2003-2018), to examine how coffee consumption timing patterns and their combination with coffee amount relate to MetS. Coffee consumption timing patterns were identified using K-means clustering. Two timing patterns were identified: morning-concentrated and evenly distributed. Survey-weighted logistic regression was used to examine associations between timing patterns and MetS prevalence, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle and dietary covariates. The morning-concentrated pattern was significantly associated with lower prevalence of MetS (OR: 0·80, 95 % CI: 0·68, 0·96) compared with non-drinkers, while the evenly distributed pattern showed no significant association. Results were robust across multiple sensitivity analyses. Combined analysis revealed that the morning-concentrated pattern was consistently associated with lower MetS prevalence across all intake levels. Stratified analyses showed stronger inverse associations among women, individuals with normal weight/underweight or overweight and those aged ≤ 40 years, with significant effect modification by BMI (<i>P</i> for interaction < 0·001) and age (<i>P</i> for interaction = 0·006) groups. These observational findings suggest that the timing of coffee consumption, particularly the morning-concentrated pattern, may be inversely associated with MetS prevalence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the menstrual cycle on postprandial blood glucose levels across different meal times in young females.","authors":"Saeka Fuke, Kyoko Fujihira, Aika Koshita, Saki Ito, Yoko Komada, Masaki Takahashi","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107995","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114526107995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effect of the menstrual cycle phase on postprandial blood glucose across meals in young females. Additionally, associations between glucose responses and sex hormone concentrations at each time point were assessed. Fifteen healthy young females (aged 24·9 (se 0·8 years)) participated in two trial phases: (1) the follicular phase (days 9-11 of menstruation) and (2) the luteal phase (days 21-23). On each trial day, participants consumed test meals of identical composition at breakfast, lunch and dinner. Postprandial blood glucose levels were measured using a continuous glucose monitoring system. Salivary estradiol and progesterone concentrations as well as core body temperature were recorded to determine the menstrual phase and examine associations with glycaemic fluctuations. No significant differences were observed between phases in postprandial glucose concentrations after breakfast or lunch. However, glucose levels 30 min after dinner were significantly higher during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase (<i>P</i> = 0·043). Estradiol concentrations did not differ significantly between phases at any time point, whereas progesterone levels were significantly elevated during the luteal phase at all meal times (breakfast: <i>P</i> = 0·005; lunch: <i>P</i> = 0·001; dinner: <i>P</i> = 0·001). Core body temperature at waking and mean, maximum and minimum bedtime temperatures were significantly higher in the luteal phase (<i>P</i> = 0·004, 0·023, 0·050 and 0·020, respectively). These findings may inform menstrual phase-specific strategies for managing postprandial glycaemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food literacy, diet quality and sustainable nutrition behaviours among institutional food service production and support staff: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Nasminel Tekin, Feride Ayyıldız","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107934","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114526107934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Institutions and organisations providing institutional food services are important in ensuring sustainability throughout the food supply chain and promoting sustainable and healthy eating among consumers. This study evaluated the relationships between food literacy, sustainable and healthy eating behaviours and diet quality of institutional food service staff. The participants in the study were 173 volunteer staff (cooks, assistant cooks, waiters, dishwashers and cleaners) aged 19-64 years working in kitchens and dining halls affiliated with a university in Ankara (Türkiye). Sociodemographic information, the Sustainable and Healthy Eating (SHE) Behaviors Scale, the Self-Perceived Food Literacy (SPFL) Scale and a 24-h dietary recall were collected through face-to-face method questionnaire administration. The quality of the diet was evaluated via the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020), derived from 24-h dietary recall data. A moderate positive association existed between the total score on the SHE Behavior Scale and the total score on the SPFL Scale (<i>r</i>: 0·584, <i>P</i> < 0·001). Weak positive correlation was found between the total SPFL and the total HEI-2020 scores (<i>r</i>: 0·160, <i>P</i> = 0·036). The mean SPFL score for production personnel, including cooks and assistant cooks, exceeded that of support personnel, which includes waiters, dishwashers and cleaners (<i>P</i> = 0·006). None of the participants had a good diet quality. Food literacy levels should be enhanced so that food service personnel may develop sustainable and healthy eating behaviours and improve the quality of their diets. Considering that the food service personnel participating in the study did not have an ideal diet, strategies to improve diet quality should be developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does a diverse whole-food plant-based dietary intervention improve gut microbiome composition, gut symptoms, energy and hunger in healthy adults? A randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Alice C Creedon, Hannah M Bernard, Federica Amati, Nicola Segata, Sara Megan Wallace, Alberto Arrè, Harry A Smith, Alexander Platts, William J Bulsiewicz, Kate M Bermingham, Joan Capdevila, Elisa Piperni, Ana Roomans Ledo, Claire Johnson, Catherine Caro, Nafisa Karimjee, Inbar Linenberg, Francesca Giordano, Richard Davies, Curie Kim, Jonathan Wolf, Francesco Asnicar, Tim D Spector, Sarah E Berry","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526107703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diets low in diverse fibre-rich plant foods contribute to the rise of chronic disease. The BIOME study (NCT06231706; 6-week parallel randomised controlled trial) in 399 adults (35-65 years; BMI 18·5-40 kg/m²; fibre intake < 20 g/d) investigated a whole-food plant blend containing > 30 ingredients, rich in (poly)phenols, fibre and micronutrients. Participants were randomised (1:1:1) to the blend (30 g/d), an isoenergetic control (bread croutons, 28 g/d) or probiotic (<i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i>, 15bn CFU/d). Analysts were blinded to allocation. The primary outcome was change in 'favourable' and 'unfavourable' gut microbiome species (ZOE Microbiome Health Ranking 2025); secondary outcomes included blood metabolites, symptoms, stool output, anthropometry, hunger, sleep, energy and mood. A crossover sub-study explored postprandial glucose, hunger and mood. Of 349 participants analysed (fifty excluded), self-reported adherence was > 98 %. The 30+ plant blend resulted in more species changing relative abundance at 6 weeks v. control (57 <i>v.</i> 14 species-level genome bins (SGB), <i>P</i> < 0·001) and probiotic (57 <i>v.</i> 4 SGB, <i>P</i> < 0·001). There were no significant between-group differences in microbiome health ranks of significantly changing species (increasing or decreasing). Blend participants self-reported reduced indigestion, constipation, heartburn and flatulence and increased energy <i>v</i>. control (all <i>P</i> < 0·05). Six related but no serious adverse events occurred. In the sub-study, adding the blend to a high-carbohydrate meal (<i>v</i>. meal alone) reduced hunger, increased fullness and energy (3-h incremental AUC, all <i>P</i> < 0·05), with no effect on postprandial glucose. This 30+ plant blend represents a simple strategy to modify gut microbiome composition and benefit gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>n</i>-3 PUFA supplementation during resistance training on muscle outcomes in healthy adult men: a randomised clinical trial.","authors":"Heloisa Santo Andre, Wagner Ribeiro Pereira, Giovani Boldrini Custoias, Marina Oliveira Bueno, João Pedro Marques, Douglas Ramires da Silva Nascimento, Ana Laura Vieira, Isabela Aparecida Divino, Gabriella Berwig Möller, Luiz A Riani Costa, Ana Jessica Pinto, Guilherme Giannini Artioli, Igor Luchini Baptista, Hamilton Roschel, Fabiana Braga Benatti","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107910","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114526107910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate whether <i>n</i>-3 PUFA supplementation enhances the anabolic signalling response, muscle hypertrophy and strength gains following resistance training program in healthy young men with habitual protein intake ≥1·6 g·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹. In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, forty-six resistance-trained men (28·1 (sd 5·8) years, 24·8 (sd 3·1) kg/m² and 1·8 (sd 0·5) g·kg^-1·d^-1 protein intake) were assigned to receive either <i>n</i>-3 PUFA (W3; 6·3 g/d <i>n</i>-3PUFA) or placebo during 14 weeks of supervised lower-limb resistance training 2×/week. Body composition, muscle cross-sectional area, maximal dynamic strength (1-RM), muscle tissue fatty acid composition and muscle fibre morphology were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Phosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6K and 4E-BP1 was evaluated at rest and 4-h after exercise, before and after the intervention. Adherence to supplementation and training was high in both groups (>94 % <i>n</i>-3 PUFA supplementation; >96 % training session attendance). A marked incorporation of <i>n</i>-3 PUFA into skeletal muscle (interaction <i>P</i> = 0·017) was observed in the W3 group. Both groups presented increases in lean mass, strength, rectus femoris and vastus lateralis CSA, vastus lateralis muscle fibre CSA and minimum Feret's diameter (all main time effects <i>P</i> < 0·05), with no differences between groups. No effects were observed for anabolic signalling between groups or over time (all <i>P</i> > 0·05). Overall, despite substantial incorporation into muscle tissue, <i>n</i>-3 PUFA supplementation did not enhance muscle hypertrophy, strength gains or anabolic signalling in healthy adult men with adequate protein intake undergoing resistance training. Future studies should focus on populations with impaired anabolic responses, during periods of disuse or caloric restriction.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ApoA2-265T > C polymorphism interacts with Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Quality Index-International and Dietary Phytochemical Index to affect biochemical markers among type 2 diabetic patients - CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"Zahra Esmaeily, Gity Sotoudeh, Masoumeh Rafiee, Fariba Koohdani","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114526107806","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148396103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of alcohol consumption with circulating biomarkers of atrial fibrillation-related pathways in a population at high cardiometabolic risk.","authors":"Aniqa B Alam, Estefanía Toledo Atucha, Dora Romaguera, Ángel M Alonso-Gómez, Miguel Angel Martínez-González, Lucas Tojal-Sierra, Cristina Razquin, Marta Noris Mora, Linzi Li, Vinita Subramanya, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Montserrat Fito Colomer, Alvaro Alonso","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107922","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114526107922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of alcohol consumption on atrial fibrillation risk remains controversial. Evaluating the association of alcohol consumption with atrial fibrillation-related biomarkers may help better understand the relevant mechanistic underpinnings. We studied participants from the PREDIMED-Plus study, a weight-loss randomised trial in metabolically unhealthy adults. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic protein, high-sensitivity troponin-T (hsTnT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), 3-nitrotyrosine and procollagen type 1 carboxy-terminal propeptide were measured in serum at baseline and years 3 and 5 of follow-up. We calculated average alcohol consumption in drinks/d (1 drink = 14 grams alcohol) with validated FFQ. Using multivariable models, we estimated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of alcohol consumption with log-transformed biomarkers. Among 523 participants (mean age (sd): 65·1 (4·9) years, 40 % female), mean alcohol consumption was 1 drink/d. Cross-sectionally, alcohol consumption was not associated with cardiac biomarkers. Longitudinally, compared with non-consumers, heavy drinkers at baseline (≥ 4 drinks/d) had smaller increases in hsTnT (<i>β</i>: -0·10, 95 % CI: -0·20, 0·00) over 5 years. In contrast, those who increased alcohol consumption over follow-up experienced greater increases in hsCRP (<i>β</i>: 0·31, 95 % CI: 0·00, 0·63) compared with those whose drinking behaviour stayed the same. In this high-risk population, higher baseline alcohol intake was associated with smaller increases in hsTnT over follow-up while increases in alcohol intake over time were associated with higher levels of systemic inflammation. These findings highlight the importance of considering longitudinal changes in average alcohol exposure when evaluating its relationship with cardiometabolic biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148396096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet quality in Japanese women with underweight: comparison with those with normal weight.","authors":"Mizuki Suga, Nana Shinozaki, Kentaro Murakami","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107867","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114526107867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Underweight is a serious health problem, particularly for women, because it increases the risk of osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes and low-birthweight infants. Evaluation of diet quality is important to understand whether dietary patterns differ in underweight women. This cross-sectional study assessed diet quality in Japanese women with underweight compared with those with normal weight. Data from 2977 Japanese women aged 20-79 years who participated in a nationwide online survey were analysed. Participants were categorised into underweight (BMI < 18·5 kg/m²) and normal-weight groups (BMI ≥ 18·5 to < 25 kg/m²), using self-reported weight and height. Dietary information was collected using a short version of the Meal-based Diet History Questionnaire. Diet quality was evaluated using the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015). Among the 2977 women analysed, 637 (21·4 %) were classified as underweight, while 2340 (78·6 %) were classified as normal weight. Participants in nutrition- and health-related occupations accounted for 41·7 % of participants. The mean total HEI-2015 score was similar between the underweight group (51·3) and the normal-weight group (51·5) (<i>P</i> = 0·33). Among the component scores, only the mean score for total protein foods was significantly (<i>P</i> = 0·02) lower in the underweight group than in the normal-weight group. The underweight group showed lower intakes of fish and shellfish and meat, but higher intakes of bread, pulses and nuts (all <i>P</i> < 0·05). In conclusion, overall diet quality assessed by the HEI-2015 was similar between underweight and normal-weight Japanese women.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rural diets under pressure: food environments and their influence on diets in South Asia.","authors":"Alka Chauhan, Samuel Scott, William Joe, Nanda Kumar Maharjan, Purnima Menon, Suman Chakrabarti","doi":"10.1017/S0007114526107831","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114526107831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unhealthy food consumption is rising in rural South Asia, yet food environments in the region remain understudied. To address this gap, we characterised rural food environments and assessed how food affordability, accessibility, availability and desirability are associated with dietary patterns and quality in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. We used household (<i>n</i> 9711) and market (<i>n</i> 1646) data from the Transforming Agrifood Systems in South Asia (TAFSSA) survey conducted in five rural districts in 2023: Nalanda (India), Surkhet and Banke (Nepal) and Rangpur and Rajshahi (Bangladesh). Participants included adult women, men and adolescents. Primary outcomes included weekly consumption of twenty-five food items and Global Diet Quality Scores (GDQS): GDQS plus (0-32) and GDQS minus (0-17). Predictors included proximity to markets, food prices, vendor density, food availability and exposure to advertising or nutrition messaging. Multivariate regressions were used to assess associations and were adjusted for sociodemographic and household characteristics. Diets in these settings were characterised by low healthy food intake (GDQS plus scores ranged from 6·6 to 7·7) and high unhealthy food intake (GDQS minus scores from 9·3 to 11·7). Ultra-processed food vendors were present in > 80 % of villages. Snacking was the strongest predictor of both higher healthy (+1·11 GDQS plus) and unhealthy (-0·67 GDQS minus) food intake (<i>P</i> < 0·001), indicating that snacking increases overall dietary intake. Key predictors of suboptimal diets include low affordability of nutritious foods, alongside the widespread availability and desirability of inexpensive ultra-processed products. These findings highlight structural and behavioural drivers of rural dietary transitions and provide evidence to guide food system interventions aimed at improving nutrition in underserved populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}