British Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Healthy eating score and all-cause mortality: prospective findings from the Chilean National Health Survey.","authors":"Fabian Lanuza, Felipe Díaz-Toro, Gabriela Nazar, Yeny Concha-Cisternas, Miquel Martorell, Solange Parra-Soto, Nicole Lasserre-Laso, Tomas Meroño, Fanny Petermann-Rocha, Carlos Celis-Morales","doi":"10.1017/S0007114525104212","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114525104212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adherence to healthy dietary patterns, including fruits, vegetables and whole grains, is linked to improved health outcomes. However, limited research has explored this association in Latin American populations. This study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to a healthy eating score (unweighted and weighted) and all-cause mortality risk in a Chilean population. This longitudinal study included 5336 Chilean participants from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016 and 2017. Six healthy eating habits were considered to produce the healthy eating score (range: 0-12): consumption of seafood, whole grains, dairy products, fruits, vegetables and legumes. A weighted score was also developed. Participants were categorised into quartiles based on their final scores, with the healthiest quartile used as the reference group. Associations between healthy eating score and all-cause mortality were performed using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for confounders. After a median follow-up of 5·1 years, 276 (5·2 %) participants died. In the fully adjusted model, compared with participants in the healthiest quartile of the score (Q4), those in the unhealthiest quartile (Q1) had 1·61 (95 % CI: 1·14, 2·27) times higher all-cause mortality risk. A similar association was observed for the weighted healthy eating score (1·52 (95 % CI: 1·03, 2·23)). An inverse trend was observed for both scores (<i>P</i> < 0·05). Sensitivity analyses excluding participants who died within the first 2 years showed consistent results 1·63 (95 % CI: 1·09, 2·42). Individuals with the lowest healthy eating score (unweighted or weighted) had a higher mortality risk compared with their counterparts. A healthy eating score is associated with mortality risk in the Chilean population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-based diets and risk of type 2 diabetes: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.","authors":"Alberto Murciano, Marcella Malavolti, Susan Fairweather-Tait, Stefania Paduano, Marco Vinceti, Tommaso Filippini","doi":"10.1017/S0007114525104157","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114525104157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence has been steadily increasing over the past few decades. Several studies have evaluated the effect of plant-based, vegetarian or vegan diets on the risk of T2D, although their potential benefits need to be confirmed and characterised. We performed a literature search up to 10 July 2025, using the terms/keywords related to plant-based index (PDI), vegetarian/vegan diets and T2D. We included observational non-experimental studies evaluating adherence to such diets in adult subjects assessing T2D risk. We specifically considered overall PDI and related healthy PDI (hPDI) and unhealthy PDI (uPDI), assessing intake of different food groups. We included 36 studies published between 1999 and 2025. We found an inverse association between adherence to vegetarian/plant-based dietary patterns and T2D risk. This association was stronger, though statistically imprecise, for the vegan diet (RR = 0·65, 95 % CI 0·42, 1·00) and for lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (RR = 0·68, 0·57, 0·82). For studies using plant-based indices, the RR were 0·82 (0·69, 0·82), 0·76 (0·69, 0·82) and 1·13 (0·98, 1·30) for overall PDI, hPDI and uPDI, respectively. In the dose-response meta-analysis, overall PDI and hPDI showed an inverse and almost linear association with T2D risk. Conversely, adherence to uPDI directly correlated with T2D risk. Overall, adherence to vegan/vegetarian diets may reduce T2D risk, while an unhealthy plant-based diet appears to linearly increase disease risk, indicating caution in the consumption of such unhealthy foods even if of plant origin. The beneficial association between vegetarian and healthy plant-based diets may have major public health implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of iodine nutrition status among lactating women with adequate iodine based on fractional iodine excretion in urine.","authors":"Ying Zhang, Xin Zhao, Haohao Meng, Xiaomin Jia, Zixuan Zhang, Zhencheng Zuo, Xiangjing He, Peixuan Wu, Xinze Jiang, Wanqi Zhang, Zhongna Sang","doi":"10.1017/S0007114525104170","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114525104170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data on the distribution of iodine in the urine and breast milk of lactating women are limited. This study aimed to establish a formula to assess iodine status in lactating women by evaluating the fractional iodine excretion in urine and breast milk. A 3-d 24-h iodine metabolism survey in 2021-2023 was conducted on fifty-four pairs of lactating women and infants in Tianjin and Luoyang, China. We used the 24-h dietary record and salt weighing method to assess daily iodine intake (DII). Iodine excretion in breast milk and urine was measured. The median 24-h urinary iodine concentration and breast milk iodine concentration were 135·06 μg/L and 150·26 µg/L, respectively. When the DII was between 240 μg/d and 600 μg/d, the predicted value of fractional breast milk iodine excretion was 31·48 % (95 % CI: 27·16 %, 36·22 %). When the daily iodine excretion was between 258 μg/d and 476 μg/d, the fractional urine iodine excretion (59·09 %) and fractional breast milk iodine excretion (40·91 %) were stable. DII can be derived from the spot urinary iodine concentration as follows: urinary iodine concentration (μg/L) × (0·0009 L/h/kg × 24 h/d) × body weight (kg) ÷ 0·59 ÷ 0·94 = DII (μg/d). In conclusion, lactating women with adequate iodine delivered approximately 31·48 % of the DII to their infants. A stable proportion (59·09 %) of iodine excretion was discharged through urine, which was used to assess the iodine status based on the spot urinary iodine concentration of lactating women. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04492657).</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The amino acid composition of commercially available vegan meat and dairy analogues.","authors":"Jacintha Domić, Luc J C van Loon, Els Siebelink, Karin J Borgonjen-van den Berg, Lisette C P G M de Groot, Pol Grootswagers","doi":"10.1017/S000711452510408X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S000711452510408X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-based meat and dairy analogues contain less protein than their animal-based counterparts and rely on various plant protein sources, which frequently display incomplete amino acid (AA) profiles that do not reflect dietary requirements due to low quantities of one or more essential AA (EAA). There is little insight in the AA profiles of most of these plant-based analogues. We assessed the AA composition of forty plant-based meat and dairy analogues that were commercially available in The Netherlands in March 2023 and compared their EAA profile to dietary requirements and to the EAA profile of their meat and dairy counterparts. Total protein contents were lower in most analogues when compared with their animal-based counterparts (meat analogues, <i>n</i> 16 (80 %); lunch meats and cheese analogues, <i>n</i> 10 (100 %); milk and yoghurt analogues, <i>n</i> 9 (90 %)) and accompanied by lower EAA contents. In reference to dietary requirements, the sum of the total EAA contents was adequate in all but one of the analogues. Nevertheless, all analogues displayed deficiencies in one or more specific EAA. Methionine contents were most frequently low (<i>n</i> 39; 98 %), followed by lysine contents (<i>n</i> 11; 28 %). Essential AA compositions varied between analogues irrespective of the protein source(s) used. In conclusion, plant-based meat and dairy analogues exhibit incomplete EAA profiles, which may compromise adequate protein nutrition in plant-centred diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying dietary patterns related to metabolic syndrome using the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","authors":"Jee Yeon Hong, Yu-Mi Kim, Min-Ho Shin, Sang-Baek Koh, Hyeon Chang Kim, Mi Kyung Kim","doi":"10.1017/S0007114525103905","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114525103905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of CVD, type 2 diabetes and death from all causes. Dietary factors correlate with MetS, making diet a potential target for intervention. We used data from the 2012–2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, <i>n</i> 12 122) to identify a dietary pattern (DP) using thirty-nine predefined food groups as predictors. MetS components were used as the response variable with the food groups in reduced rank regression followed by stepwise linear regression analyses. We then verified the Korean status of the DP externally in the Cardiovascular Disease Association Study (CAVAS) (<i>n</i> 8277) and the Health EXAminees (HEXA) study (<i>n</i> 48 610). The DP score, which included twenty food groups, showed significant positive associations with all MetS components and a higher prevalence ratio in KNHANES participants (<i>P</i> < 0·0001). Although the score was NS in CAVAS (<i>P</i> = 0·0913), it showed a strong positive association with MetS prevalence in HEXA (<i>P</i> < 0·0001). We identified and tested a DP associated with MetS in Korean populations. This DP may be a useful tool for assessing MetS risk. Although the score was linked to higher MetS risk, particularly in the predominantly urban population of the HEXA study, further validation in more diverse populations is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"147-155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12433745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental co-benefits of a Mediterranean-style dietary intervention for reducing depressive symptoms in adults: results from the Curbing Anxiety and Depression using Lifestyle Medicine randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Megan Turner, Deborah N Ashtree, Melissa M Lane, Kim Anastasiou, Michalis Hadjikakou, Samantha L Dawson, Mark Lawrence, Laura Jennings, Ozge Geyik, Felice N Jacka, Vincent L Versace, Mary Lou Chatterton, Pilvikki Absetz, Marita Bryan, Barbara Brayner, Sophie Mahoney, Dean Saunders, Tayla John, Lauren M Young, Adrienne O'Neil","doi":"10.1017/S0007114525103942","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114525103942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explored whether lifestyle therapy that promoted adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet as a treatment for depression led to environmental co-benefits. Participants (<i>n</i> 75 complete case) were Australian adults in the Curbing Anxiety and Depression using Lifestyle Medicine non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial, which showed that lifestyle therapy was non-inferior to psychotherapy in reducing depressive symptoms, when delivered in group format via video conferencing over an 8-week treatment period. In this secondary analysis, we hypothesised that the lifestyle arm would be superior to the psychotherapy arm in reducing the environmental impact of self-reported diet over time. Dietary intake derived from FFQ at baseline and 8 weeks was transformed into environmental impact scores by calculating global warming potential (GWP)*. GWP* was calculated for total dietary intake and distinct food groups (Australian Dietary Guidelines and NOVA classifications). Within-arm changes in GWP* over time were calculated using the median difference. Neither arm showed significant changes. Between-arm differences in percentage change in GWP* scores over time were analysed using generalised estimating equations models. No between-arm difference for total GWP* score was found (<i>β</i> = 11·06 (-7·04, 29·15)). When examining distinct food groups, results were mixed. These novel findings contribute to the sparse evidence base that has measured the environmental impact of diets in a clinical trial context. Whilst lifestyle therapy that reduced depressive symptoms did not have clear environmental benefits relative to psychotherapy, nutritional counselling that focuses on the environmental impact of food choices may drive more pronounced planetary co-benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"115-123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12433746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional comparison of the functionality of the short-form FFQ to a 3-day food intake record completed early in the second trimester of pregnancy.","authors":"Karishma Hosein, Taniya S Nagpal, Roberta Bgeginski, Harry Prapavessis, Isabelle Giroux, Michelle F Mottola","doi":"10.1017/S0007114525103966","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114525103966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using a behavioural intervention to target nutrition during pregnancy may be key in meeting recommendations for healthy eating. The aim was to assess the use of a short-term dietary intake measurement tool (3-day food intake record) to infer long-term habitual dietary intake during pregnancy (using a short-form FFQ). A convenience sample (<i>n</i> 90) between 12- and 18-weeks' gestation was recruited from a larger randomised controlled trial for cross-sectional analysis. Participants completed a forty-four-item FFQ and 3-day food intake record. Using the participant food intake record, the investigator blindly completed a second frequency questionnaire. The frequency questionnaires were scored using dietary quality scores (DQS) and compared. Aggregate data were evaluated using a Wilcoxon signed rank test, and individual-level data were evaluated using a Bland-Altman plot. No significant difference was observed in the scores (<i>Z</i> = -1·88, <i>P</i> = 0·06), with small effect size (<i>r</i>= 0·19). The Bland-Altman plot showed that comparing the DQS derived from the two different dietary assessments underestimated scores by a mean difference of 0·4 points (95 % limits of agreement: -3·50 to 4·26). The data points were evenly spread suggesting no systematic variation for over- or underestimation of scores. Minimal difference was observed between the functionality of the two assessment instruments. However, the food intake record can be completed by pregnant individuals to estimate short-term nutrient intake and then scored by the investigator to estimate long-term dietary quality. Combining these two instruments may best capture the most accurate representation of dietary habits over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"156-160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12433744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient gaps and dietary adequacy among adolescent girls in rural North-Eastern Ghana: the role of local food-based approaches, school lunch and multiple-micronutrient fortified biscuits.","authors":"Fusta Azupogo, Karin J Borgonjen-van den Berg, Richmond Aryeetey, Inge D Brouwer","doi":"10.1017/S0007114525103929","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114525103929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A local food-based approach, including school lunch with multiple-micronutrient fortified biscuits (MMB) as supplementary snacks, may enhance dietary adequacy, although current evidence remains limited. This study assessed nutrient inadequacies and developed food-based dietary recommendations (FBR) incorporating school lunch from the Ghana School Feeding Programme (GSFP) and MMB. Data from 292 girls aged 10-17 years, enrolled in the Ten2Twenty-Ghana study was analysed. Dietary intake was assessed via a quantitative 24-h dietary recall. Usual intakes were estimated using the National Cancer Institute method. Linear programming with Optifood was used to develop FBRs based on commonly consumed foods (≥5% of participants) and their median serving sizes, intake frequency, nutrient content, and cost per 100 g. Constraints included estimated energy needs and harmonised average nutrient requirements. The mean usual energy intake was 2351 (sd 66) kcal/d. Ca (99·8 %), vitamin B₁₂ (99·8 %), riboflavin (96·2 %), vitamin A (91·5 %), vitamin C (87·6 %), Fe (73·7 %), folate (49·3 %) and Zn (8·5 %) inadequacies were prevalent. Optimised diets achieved adequacy for protein and most micronutrients, except Ca and vitamin B₁₂, besides vitamin A for 15-17-year-old girls. School lunch from the GSFP did not enhance micronutrient levels when added to the daily diet. Adding MMB to the daily diet ensured adequacy for vitamin C, riboflavin and Fe, although marginal for Fe. Ca and vitamin A improved substantially with MMB for girls aged 15-17 but remained below the harmonised average requirements. Integrating regular school lunch with specialised fortified foods may be a cost-effective strategy to enhance dietary adequacy for adolescent girls in rural areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"134-146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12433747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inverse association between fruit juice consumption and type 2 diabetes among individuals with high genetic risk on type 2 diabetes: the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) study.","authors":"Tomoki Kawahara, Nobutoshi Nawa, Isao Oze, Hiroaki Ikezaki, Megumi Hara, Yoko Kubo, Mako Nagayoshi, Hidemi Ito, Nobuaki Michihata, Rie Ibusuki, Sadao Suzuki, Etusko Ozaki, Kiyonori Kuriki, Naoyuki Takashima, Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano, Masahiro Nakatochi, Yukihide Momozawa, Takashi Tamura, Takeo Fujiwara, Keitaro Matsuo","doi":"10.1017/S0007114525103863","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114525103863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies on the association between fruit juice consumption and type 2 diabetes remain controversial, which might be due to heterogeneity in the polygenic risk score (PRS) for type 2 diabetes. We examined the association between fruit juice and type 2 diabetes by PRS for type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether fruit juice influences type 2 diabetes risk differently among individuals with varying genetic risks. Data from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) study, a cross-sectional study of 13 769 Japanese individuals was used for our analysis. The primary exposure was the frequency of fruit juice, categorised as do not drink, less than 1 cup per day or more than 1 cup per day. We selected PGS002379, a PRS for type 2 diabetes developed using East Asian populations. The primary outcome was physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes, reported by participants. The consumption of fruit juice was significantly inversely associated with type 2 diabetes in the group with a high PRS for type 2 diabetes (OR: 0·78, 95 % CI: 0·65, 0·93 for < 1 cup/d and OR: 0·54, 95 % CI: 0·30, 0·96 for > 1/d), but this association was not observed in the low PRS group. Fruit juice consumption was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes, especially in genetically high-risk populations for type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"89-96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coverage of vitamin A supplementation among under-five children in India and its relationship with childhood mortality: insights from multiple rounds of a nationally representative survey from 2005-2006 to 2019-2021.","authors":"Trishna Bora, Kaustubh Bora","doi":"10.1017/S0007114525104017","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007114525104017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the coverage of childhood vitamin A supplementation (VAS) across India from 2005-2006 to 2019-2021 and further explored how it related to childhood mortality. Data collected from mothers through standard questionnaires during the latest three rounds of the National Family Health Survey (2005-2006, 2015-2016 and 2019-2021) were used. Information on VAS in children aged 9-35 months was available from 2015-2016 to 2019-2021. Information on VAS among children aged 9-59 months was available from 2005-2006 to 2015-2016. Childhood VAS coverage was determined nationally and subnationally (viz. individual states, geography, socio-demographic index and developmental groups). Nearly 40 % eligible children aged 9-59 months and 30 % eligible children aged 9-35 months missed VAS during recent times. But improvements in VAS coverage were noticed over the years: from 18·6 % (2005-2006) to 60·5 % (2015-2016) among children aged 9-59 months and from 64·5 % (2015-2016) to 71·2 % (2019-2021) among children aged 9-35 months. There were coverage disparities, with Western India documenting the highest and Northeastern India documenting the lowest coverage values. During simple linear regression analysis, childhood mortality between 1 and 5 years of age varied inversely as a function of VAS coverage among children aged 9-59 months, with the association being less pronounced in 2015-2016 (<i>β</i> = -0·47) than in 2005-2006 (<i>β</i> = -0·40). However, this relationship disappeared when we accounted for potential confounders (viz. childhood immunisation and socio-economic factors) through multivariate analysis, suggesting that the role of VAS in promoting childhood survival may be limited during present times.</p>","PeriodicalId":9257,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"161-168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}