British journal of medicine and medical research最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of Human Resources for Eye Health in Ogun State of Nigeria: Progress towards Vision 2020","authors":"T. Bogunjoko, Ao Hassan, T. Akanbi, A. Ashaye, A. Akinye","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/31702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/31702","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To conduct a situational analysis of human resources for eye health (HReH) and assess its progress towards vision 2020 goals in Ogun state of Nigeria. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: 21 eye care facilities in Ogun state between November and December 2014. Methodology: Data was collected with an adapted questionnaire developed by WHO and IAPB. The questionnaire was filled by telephone interview to key officials of registration boards for ophthalmologists, optometrists and ophthalmic nurses and public and private institutions employing these professionals in the state. Sources of population data was from census, state website and estimated rate of annual population. Each of these targets graded to show if vision 2020 target was met in 2014. Results: There were 21 eye care facilities in Ogun state. 7 (33%) are government owned, 2 (9.5%) Original Research Article Bogunjoko et al.; BJMMR, 19(10): 1-9, 2017; Article no.BJMMR.31702 2 are non-governmental organization (NGO)/mission owned and 12 (57.2%) are private for profit. There were 77 eye care workers in active service made up of 27 ophthalmologists, 31 ophthalmic nurses and 19 optometrists in 2014. Most eye care workers in Ogun state work in government establishments (66%), 26% in private for profit and 7.8% in NGO/mission. Vision 2020 targets had only been achieved for ophthalmologists in 2014. The Ogun state ratio for ophthalmologist was 5.4 per million populations, 3.8 for optometrists and 6.3 for ophthalmic nurses. The percentage of each of the eye care workers average 25% in the capital city and 75% outside capital. Practitioner per million population specific for capital and outside capital is worse outside capital city. Conclusion: The HReH was above the vision 2020 target for ophthalmologists. The ophthalmic nurses are above average and optometrists very low. There is need for a targeted investment for these two categories of practitioners and the need to address maldistribution of eye care workers.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82022568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gemcitabine and Carboplatin in Inoperable, Loco-Regionally Advanced and Metastatic Gallbladder Cancer- A Study from Northern Indian Cancer Institute","authors":"V. Talwar, S. Raina, Varun Goel, D. Doval","doi":"10.9734/bjmmr/2017/30843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjmmr/2017/30843","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The primary objective of this study was to determine the response rates of the gemcitabine and carboplatin combination chemotherapy in treatment naïve patients with inoperable gall bladder cancer. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the toxicity, progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Methodology: Treatment naïve patients with histologically proven inoperable gall bladder cancer treated with gemcitabine and carboplatin chemotherapy between February 2011 and December 2014 were included in this study. The dose of gemcitabine was 1 gm/m on day 1 and 8, and carboplatin [target AUC (area under the concentration versus time curve in mg/ml) of 5] on day 1, in a 21 day cycle. CT scan was used for response assessment. Original Research Article Talwar et al.; BJMMR, 19(12): 1-7, 2017; Article no.BJMMR.30843 2 Results: There were 32 men and 92 women with a median age of 59 years (range 26-75 years). Of the 124 patients, 9 (7.3%) patients achieved a complete response and 54 (43.5%) patients achieved a partial response for an overall response rate of 50.8%. The median PFS was 4.6 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 4–5.5 months], with 1-year survival rate of 20.2%. Common toxicity criteria (CTC) grade 3 anaemia was seen in 6 (4.8%) patients. Grade 3 and 4 neutropenia was observed in 11 (8.9%) and 4 (3.2%) patients respectively, whereas 9 (7.3%) patients experienced Grade 3 thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: The combination of gemcitabine and carboplatin is active in advanced gall bladder carcinoma with mild toxicity.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78335555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Person-centred View of the Aim, Goals and Tasks in Clinical Supervision: Proposals on Topics for Experiential Learning","authors":"Michael D Callifronas, S. Brock","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/29507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/29507","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This paper intends to highlight and review the traits of the person-centred clinical supervision model. This model is different to ‘mentoring’ supervision models. Specifically, the person-centred model has a minimal degree of directivity when compared to educative, teaching and judgemental supervision models, as the supervisor is not a ‘wise’ expert. S(he) works with trust, empathy, warmth, safety and genuineness within the supervisee’s frame of reference, thus facilitating the supervisee’s experiential learning and development. Discussion: Details of the aim, goals and tasks of person-centred supervision are explored, and the essential differences from other supervision models are discussed. Areas of ethical concern receive particular exploration. This paper proposes areas of experiential learning that would be helpful if elaborated within the supervisory context. Conclusion: The person-centred supervision model is focused on the supervisee’s personal and professional development. It necessitates a collaborative perspective to facilitate reflection and conceptualisation, trusting the supervisee’s internal power and resources.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"303 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79630828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgery as a Career Choice among Medical Undergraduates in a Developing Country","authors":"B. Eke, B. Ojo, I. Elachi, W. Yongo, C. Soo, V. Ugwu, E. Umobong, G. Shorun, P. Abayol","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/24829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/24829","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution of medical manpower among various specialties should be of interest to government, health administrators and medical educators of any nation. The medical specialties chosen by medical undergraduates as their career choice are an important determinant of this. This survey of 114 students using an objective semi structured questionnaire explores factors influencing specialty choices of medical students at Benue State University, College of Heath Sciences, Makurdi, Nigeria with special focus on Surgery. The four most popular specialties were Surgery (35%) Internal Medicine (25%), Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology (14%) each. Others include Pathology and Community Medicine (5%) each and Family Medicine (2%). These are determined by factors like natural interest (40%), job-satisfaction and personal convenience (12%) each, role model (3%), gender-issue, personal aptitude and no specific reason (1%) each. Factors like quality of teaching, expected financial reward, religion and family influence have no influence on choice of specialties in the studied population. While majority of the students (91%) considered surgery as important and interesting, 52.6% will want more time allocated to bedside teaching and 17.5% will want improvement in quality of lectures and teaching to help them in better understanding of the specialty. Insight into the reasons underlying the choice of medical career in a country can improve medical career planning. This should guide government’s health administrators and educators as they may be responsible for mal-distribution of medical manpower across the various specialties.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74858168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-hospital Use of Oral Rehydration Therapy and Zinc and the Risk of Dehydration in Childhood Diarrhoea","authors":"T. Ogunlesi, M. Olowonyo, T. Runsewe-Abiodun","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/33648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/33648","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diarrhoea is a leading cause of childhood mortality globally. The use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) with zinc supplementation is recommended in the treatment of childhood diarrhoea. Objective: To determine the pattern of pre-hospital use of ORT and zinc among children with diarrhoea at the secondary levels of health care in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted over a six-month period at two secondary health facilities among children with diarrhoea. A structured questionnaire was administered on consenting caregivers and the level of dehydration was also determined. Results: Out of 109 under-five children, 93 (85.3%) were aged < 24 months; 79 (72.5%) mothers were aware of ORT use but only 56 (51.4%) actually used ORT. Fifty (45.9%) mothers were aware of zinc use but 33 (30.3%) actually administered it. Fifty-nine (54.1%) children had dehydration; Original Research Article Ogunlesi et al.; BJMMR, 21(8): 1-8, 2017; Article no.BJMMR.33648 2 60.9% of children who had ORT with zinc and 60.5% of those who received neither ORT nor zinc were dehydrated. ORT use was significantly associated with zinc use but had no association with dehydration, rather vomiting was significantly associated with dehydration (p = 0.03). Conclusion: More than half of the children studied presented at the secondary level of care with dehydration despite high maternal awareness and use of ORT. Zinc use was low in this population. Due to vomiting and feed refusal, the impact of ORT and zinc in the prevention of dehydration was obscure.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83767524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Unusual Cause of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Clinical Practice; A Case Report of Locally Invasive Colon Cancer with Superimposed Actinomycosis","authors":"Y. Awuku, Y. Nartey, J. Lovi, M. Nortey, T. Morna, P. Akakpo","doi":"10.9734/bjmmr/2017/32202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjmmr/2017/32202","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Colon cancer commonly presents with lower gastrointestinal bleeding in symptomatic patients. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding as a symptom of colon cancer is unusual. This case highlights the diagnostic and management challenges of colon cancer masquerading as gastric ulcer with a bleeding complication. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 45-year-old man who presented with passage of melaena stools with associated epigastric pain. Endoscopy revealed gastric ulcer in the greater curvature. Histopathology identified a diffuse adenocarcinoma with superimposed actinomycosis. Intra-operatively the patient was found to have a carcinoma of the transverse colon diffusely infiltrating and ulcerating the stomach in its greater curvature . Patient died from bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism 10 weeks after the surgery. Conclusion: Although rare, colon cancer can present with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It must be considered as a differential in the work up for a patient passing melaena stool.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72814795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cystic Partially Differentiated Nephroblastoma, A Hyperfavourable Variant of Nephroblatoma: A Case Report with Review of the Literature","authors":"B. Ojo, W. Yongo, C. Soo, I. Annongu, R. Vhriterhire, H. Mohammed, E. Ogwuche, O. Shorun, I. Ugwu, E. Umobong, B. Eke, D. Omeh, M. Ogiator, P. Abayol","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/24956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/24956","url":null,"abstract":"Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma is a rare variant of Wilm’s tumor and it represents the hyperfavourable end of the Wilm’s spectrum affecting young children. We described the first documented case from the northern part of Nigeria. The index patient presented with left flank mass. He had unilateral nephrectomy and surgical pathology established its diagnosis. It is a lower risk but malignant tumor that comes as the differential diagnosis of pediatric cystic renal lesions and need to be differentiated from benign lesions such as cystic nephroma and mixed epithelial and stroma tumor of kidney. It should always be considered as a differential diagnosis of childhood abdominal mass with appropriate investigations and management since it is curable by nephrectomy alone.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90377867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of Achilles Tendon Pathology: Ultrasonography Versus Plain X-ray","authors":"M. Khasru, Farzana Nazrin, Siddiq, T. Marzen, Nayeem Anwar, F. Haseen, M. Moniruzzaman, I. Jahan, Mohammad Ahsan Ullah, S. Rahman, A. Salek","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/31501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/31501","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The current study aimed to highlight diagnostic usefulness of ultrasonography (USG) in Achilles tendon pathology. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in co-operation with Orthopedics and Traumatology facility of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study period was 2 years (July 2010 to June 2012); and 61 patients with posterior heel pain selected consecutively. Along with history taking, enrolled subjects examined meticulously. Non-invasive measures such as X-ray, USG (Siemens premium edition, Acuson antares, transducer: VF 10-5, 5.7-10 MHz) also used to acquire further information regarding heel pathology. A semi-structured questionnaire used to preserve primary data. Since, four subjects refused to do USG and X-rays were not available from another seven, we studied over rest fifty. Uni-variate analysis performed. Having been used kappa statistics, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ultrasound and X-ray in several Achilles tendon pathologies performed; p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Among of all participants, 38.0% belonged to 36-45 age range and maximum (68.0%) were male. Although a substantial 37 (76.0%) had been suffering from localized back heel pain, 13 (26.0%) of them had systemic diseases like diabetes mellitus (76.9%), dyslipidaemia (1, 2.0%), systemic lupus erythematosus (1, 2.0%), and ankylosing spondylitis (1, 2.0%). Achilles tendinitis, Achilles tendon rupture, retrocalcaneal bursitis, tendon xanthoma diagnosed using ultrasonogram in 31 (62.0%), 7 (14%), 3(6%), and 1 (2.0%) patients respectively. Concerning Achilles tendon pathology, USG was 95.0% sensitive, 50.0%, specific, and 92.0% accurate, whereas diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for X-ray was 39.0%, 75.0%, and 42.0% respectively. Conclusion: In diagnosing soft tissue pathologies in and around Achilles tendon ultrasound is far better option than conventional X-ray.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88603829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiotensin-(1-7) Influences Tryptophan Absorption in the Rat and Mouse Intestine","authors":"E. Borges, Patricia Lima, A. Peluso, W. Sampaio, Jamil Oliveira, M. Oliveira, G. Etelvino, R. Ruoccolo, A. Ferreira, Robson Santos","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/30329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/30329","url":null,"abstract":"1 Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 2 Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 3 Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"33 4 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85224732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trisomy 21: Genetic Analysis Aided Diagnosis","authors":"Ankit Dhimole, Sreedevi Reddy, A. Nagarajappa, Nalin Saxena","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/30147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/30147","url":null,"abstract":"Being the most common yet rare genetic syndrome in the field of dentistry Trisomy 21 also known as the Down’s syndrome named after John Langdon Down has its own importance in dentistry. It has characteristic physical, genetic and mental features which could remain undiagnosed particularly in low socio-economic group areas in countries of southern asia. Dental professionals could be the first ones to diagnose this problem as it shows unique intra-oral and extra-oral features. So we report a classic case of Down’s syndrome which remained undiagnosed throughout his life till he visited a dental professional. Case Study","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77769146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}