British journal of medicine and medical research最新文献

{"title":"Pattern and Trends of Respiratory Disease Admissions at the Emergency Paediatrics Unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital – A Four Year Review","authors":"E. Yiltok, H. Akhiwu, C. Yilgwan, E. Ejeliogu, C. John, A. Ebonyi, S. Oguche","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/34099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/34099","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Respiratory diseases contributes substantially to the number of Paediatric admissions and deaths especially in low income countries. Understanding the trends will help in health planning and resource distribution. This study is to describe the pattern and trend of respiratory diseases in children in a tertiary healthcare facility in north-central Nigeria. Study Design: This study was a retrospective study including all patients admitted and managed with respiratory diseases. The relevant clinical information was extracted from the hospital records. Place and Duration of Study: The Emergency Paediatric Unit (EPU) of the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Jos Nigeria, between January 2012 and December 2015. Original Research Article Yiltok et al.; BJMMR, 22(2): 1-6, 2017; Article no.BJMMR.34099 2 Methodology: A total of 2277 children aged 6 weeks-18 years were admitted into the unit within the study period. Out of these, 498 (21.9%) were diagnosed with respiratory disease. Clinical records were retrieved and reviewed. Those with inconclusive diagnosis as well as those with associated co-morbidities such as cardiac anomalies were excluded. The data collected were entered and analyzed using Epi Info version 7.2. Student t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze categorical and continuous variables respectively. Results: Pneumonia accounted for 54.4% of total respiratory diseases. Cases of Pneumonia were mostly seen at the peak of the rainy and the harmattan seasons. (March, June/July and October/November). The highest number of cases of respiratory diseases were in the under-fives. The commonest complication was congestive cardiac failure and it was commoner in the younger age group. Conclusion: The prevalence of respiratory diseases remains high and contributes significantly to hospital admissions especially in the under five children. There is need to introduce new vaccines and re-enforce existing immunization against common organisms that cause pneumonia in children. There is also need to introduce policies that would ensure appropriate treatment for children to reduce the burden of these diseases.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85822856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No More Live Lectures - Quixotism or Realism-? Association between Learning Preferences and Attendances at Live Lectures","authors":"Siaw-Cheok Liew, J. Sidhu, A. Barua","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/33051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/33051","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The increasing decline in medical students’ attendances at live lectures left educators with differing views on its acceptability. Aim: The aim of this study was to look at the association between the medical students’ attendances at live lectures and their learning preferences and outcomes. Study Design: University based, cross sectional study. The study 2015. Methodology: All the pre-clinical medical students (Year 2 and Year 3) were invited to participate in this study. A total of 776 students, Year 2 (397) and Year 3 (379) students participated in this study. The students’ recorded attendances at live lectures were compared to their (i) learning preferences; VARK (Visual/Aural/ReadWrite/Kinesthetic) and ASSIST (Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students) and to their (ii) performances at the summative examinations. Data was analysed using Pearson Chi-square test. Results: A majority of medical students (54.8%) still attend live lectures. The attenders were mostly auditory (p=0.010) learners. Non-attenders at live lectures perform better in the examination compared to the attenders (p=0.003). Those who used online lectures as their aid to studying performed better in the examination (p=0.026). Conclusions: Medical students still attend live lectures regularly. However, high performances at summative examination was associated with non-attendances at live lectures and the use of online learning/online lectures.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75196591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenylthiocarbamide Taste Perception among HIV- Infected Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy","authors":"C. Igbeneghu, T. Oluwatunbi, O. Aina, J. Olisekodiaka","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/29573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/29573","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72762078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peri-apical Sinus, A Leading Edge of Gorlin–Goltz Syndrome: Case Report","authors":"V. Tripathi, A. Nagarajappa, V. Chauhan, K. Chandrashekar, Rohit Mishra, S. Tripathi","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/32469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/32469","url":null,"abstract":"Gorlin–Goltz syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder, with mutations in the patched tumor suppressor gene (PTCH1) leading to a wide range of developmental anomalies and neoplasms of cutaneous, dental, osseous, ophthalmic and neurological origin. It commonly presents as multiple keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs) of the jaws, basal cell carcinomas (BCC) of skin, calcifications of the falx cerebri, ocular hypertelorisms, palmar-plantar pits, bridging of sella turcica and macrocephaly. In addition to these major criteria, more than 100 minor criteria have been described. We hereby, present one such case of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome reported to our dental clinic in Jabalpur, India. A 20 year old male patient presented with complaint of foul fluid discharge Case Study Tripathi et al.; BJMMR, 20(10): 1-8, 2017; Article no.BJMMR.32469 2 from a peri-apical sinus of an over retained, mobile Deciduous Maxillary left canine tooth. Patient’s general physical examination revealed macrocephaly, wide nasal bridge, ocular hypertelorism, numerous naevi and a sebaceous cyst. Panoramic and CT examinations revealed presence of multiple keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOT) in both the jaws, bridging of sella turcica, patchy calcifications of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli. Though, multi-disciplinary examination revealed no evidence of neoplasm, multi-disciplinary treatment along with genetic counseling was provided to the patient. Lifelong surveillance was offered to prevent future morbidity and mortality associated with this syndrome. This case, illustrates the importance of thorough dental and physical examination including examination of draining oral sinuses, missing teeth, deciduous teeth, macrocephaly and frontal bossing. Additionally, detailed investigations in patients with lesions suggestive of aberrant phenotypic characteristics are mandatory.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72943534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Self-Concept in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury","authors":"R. Suriá","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/32769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/32769","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to identify different profiles in emotional intelligence (EI) and self-concept of the participants with disabilities according to functionality of spinal cord injury. In addition, significant differences in self-concept domains among profiles previously identified are also analysed. The Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) and AF5 Self-concept Questionnaire were administered to 98 participants with physical disabilities by traffic accidents (42 tetraplegics and 56 paraplegics). Cluster analyses allowed identifying three different EI profiles: a group of participants with low EI profile, a group with predominance of high emotional repair and regulation and, finally, a group of participants with high EI. Results also revealed significant statistical differences in most domains of self-concept among profiles. Results suggest the need of going in depth on EI knowledge and design enhancement of self-concept programs for people with spinal cord injury.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73027204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace Elements Levels and Blood Pressure in Ghanaian Women Using Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Contraceptive","authors":"Justice Afrifa, S. Essien-Baidoo, E. Ofori, A. Abaka-Yawson","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/32565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/32565","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The benefit of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) (an injectable contraceptive) relate to the fact that it has a very high efficacy in pregnancy prevention. Aim: We investigated the effect of the hormonal contraceptive, DMPA on the levels of trace elements: (Selenium (Se), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn)) and blood pressure. Materials and Methods: Fifty (50) women on DMPA and thirty (30) controls (who were not on DPMA) were recruited from the Kasoa Polyclinic in the Central Region of Ghana. Blood was collected for the estimation of trace elements using mass spectrometry. Blood pressure was measured and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Results: Serum levels of Cu was found to be significantly elevated among participants on DMPA compared to healthy controls (P=0.002). Se levels were however slightly but insignificantly reduced (P=0.316) among participants on DMPA. There was also a significantly elevated diastolic blood pressure (76.00 ± 11.95 mmHg, P=0.03) among DMPA users compared to the controls. Serum Cu correlated positively with Zn(r=0.463) (P=0.001) among the DMPA users. Conclusion: DMPA users had an increase in Cu with reduced Se levels as well as an increased blood pressure. However, no change in serum Zn concentration was seen among DMPA users compared to the controls.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76010959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude of Cone Beam CT- A Questionnaire Based Study among Saudi Dental Students","authors":"Reham Noaman, S. Khateeb","doi":"10.9734/bjmmr/2017/30561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjmmr/2017/30561","url":null,"abstract":"questionnaire the data and statistically the introduction and results. the analysis of the study, the discussion and ABSTRACT Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) among undergraduate (UGS) and postgraduate (PGS) Saudi female dental students in College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al Monwarah. Study Design: Observational cross-sectional study. Study: between January 2016 till 2016. Methodology: This study incorporated 108 female dental students. The information was assembled through an online anonymous pre-prepared questionnaire consisted of 15 structured Original Research Article close-ended questions. Descriptive statistics calculated in terms of frequencies and percentages by Chi-Square test. Results: Our study showed that the majority of participants knew CBCT (93.8%). Awareness of CBCT was nearly similar between UGS (92.9%) and PGS (100.0%). The highest percentage of participants (67.9%) acquired information about CBCT from faculty lessons. Only three (3.7%) did not work with digital radiography. Most of the UGS agreed that the faculty provided adequate education regarding CBCT (70%), in contrast with PGS who disagreed (90.9%). 86.4% of contributors supposed it is needed for CBCT to be available at dental faculties. There was a high satisfaction of using CBCT amongst UGS (78.6%) and PGS (90.9%). Conclusion: The study participants’ responses reflect the importance of CBCT in the dental field. Nevertheless, the study necessitates that dental school curriculum should include adequate CBCT practical training and its integration with other clinical courses to improve students’ basic knowledge and interpretation regarding this recent technology.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81822516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of AmpC Beta-lactamase in Gram Negative Bacilli by Different Phenotypic Methods in a Tertiary Care Institute in Kashmir","authors":"R. Shagufta, B. Fomda, B. Gulnaz, Samad Lubna, Abiroo Jan, S. Mohd, Ahmad Junaid","doi":"10.9734/bjmmr/2017/30462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjmmr/2017/30462","url":null,"abstract":"RS designed the study BAF managed the literature searches and analyses of the study performed. the experimental process. SL, A. Jan and A. Junaid in analyses of the results. SM in analysis of results and the first of the ABSTRACT Context: AmpC type cephalosporinases are Ambler class C β -lactamases. They hydrolyze penicillins, cephalosporins; except the fourth-generation compounds and monobactams. To the best of our knowledge prevalence of AmpC in our hospital is not known. Aims: With this background the study was undertaken to detect the prevalence of AmpC lactamases in gram-negative bacilli at our institute. We also performed four different tests, i.e. AmpC disc test, modified Hodge test, modified three dimensional spot inoculation test on a single agar plate (three in one) and inhibitor based test using boronic acid for detecting AmpC production. Methods and Materials: Screening for AmpC was done by using cefoxitin discs. Organisms resistant to cefoxitin were tested for presence of AmpC by AmpC disc test, Modified Hodge test, Three dimensional spot inoculation test and Boronic acid disc test. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was done by Chi Square test and Fishers Exact Test with the SPSS statistical programme (version 20.0). Results: A total of 1323 non duplicate Gram negative bacilli were isolated during a period of one year in the Department of microbiology SKIMS. Out of these 1323 isolates, 150 isolates were found to be resistant to cefoxitin and one or more third generation cephalosporin antibiotics or showed antagonism between cefoxitin and cefotaxim discs thus fulfilling the criteria and were included in the present study. Forty five (3.4%) were positive for AmpC beta lactamases. Boronic acid test detected 38 (25.3%), AmpC disc test 35 (23.3%), MHT 29 (19.3%) and MTDST detected 27 (18%). Conclusions: Inhibitor based test using boronic acid detected the maximum number of AmpC producing organisms. It is a simple and cost effective test that can be incorporated in routine susceptibility testing plate thus saving time also.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84292714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodontal Health Prevention in Radiated and Healthy Elderly Using Mouthwashes of Quercus ilex","authors":"Gloria Patricia Perea González, Blanca Estrada Esquivel Esquivel, Luminosa Fuente, M. García, Hazel Perea, Laura Quitl Reyes","doi":"10.9734/BJMMR/2017/22756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/22756","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The use of aqueous extracts of Quercus ilex as a mouthwash is reduced by 80% periodontal disease in healthy patients and patients with radiated head and neck cancer, in addition to increasing salivary flow and neutralizing the pH. Methodology: We included 200 patients (100 men, 100 women; age range 60-70 years) healthy and with head/neck cancer with radiotherapy treatment were included, Participants: toothed or toothed partially (first molars and teeth), non-smokers, without caries Cervical, non-drinkers, bruxism not present, not using mouthwashes, unilateral chewing, systemic diseases not present. Calibration of observers obtaining a Cohen kappa coefficient of 0.97 for caries/periodontal disease with a confidence interval of 95% was made as well as the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI). The 200 patients after the first collection of saliva, smoothed and curetaje of the teeth of the left side of the mouth, used toothbrush and toothpaste; On the fifteenth day of the second collection of saliva, desquamation and flattening of roots on the right side, brushes, toothpaste and mouth rinses of aqueous extracts of Quercus ilex . Results: The mean for both groups, preoperative for brushing technique was deficient (92%), radiographically moderate bone disease; Periodontal pockets depth 4 to 5mm. Patients healthy and with AC pH 5.9 / 5.7, salivary flow 4.34 ± 0.85 ml 2.60 ± 0.45 ml. The postoperative period reduces the widening of the periodontal ligament, the technique of adequate brushing (97%), periodontal disease without mouthwash improves 35% of patients; Mouthwash treatment improves 85% of patients. Changes pH to 6.5 / 7.1 and salivary flow 4.92 ± 0.92 ml 3.89 ± 0.66 ml Conclusion: The use of aqueous extracts of Quercus ilex as a mouthwash is reduced by 80% periodontal disease in patients with radiated head and neck cancer, in addition to increasing salivary flow and neutralizing the pH.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85439161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is There a Causal Relationship between Myopia and Intraocular Pressure","authors":"N. Chinawa, A. Adio, I. Chukwuka","doi":"10.9734/bjmmr/2017/30241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjmmr/2017/30241","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To determine if there is causal association between myopia and intraocular pressure at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria. Study Design: A case control study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) between November, 2012 and May, 2013. Methodology: Eighty consecutive patients of myopes (group A) and emmetropes (group B) were sampled in two groups. Group A was subgrouped into low myopia (−3.0D<Spherical Equivalent (SE) −0.5D), moderate myopia (−3.0D SE-< -6.0D) and high myopia (SE ≥ -6). Intraocular pressures were taken between 9am -12 mid-day by Perkins applanation tonometer (MK2 Model). Autorefraction was carried out with (Carl Zeiss meditec) while Axial length was measured with A scan ultrasound machine (Pascan 300A Digital biometric reader). Full examination of the fundus was carried out. Original Research Article Chinawa et al.; BJMMR, 20(10): 1-7, 2017; Article no.BJMMR.30241 2 Result s: 160 eyes of 80 patients each were respectively in groups A and B. The mean age of the myopes was 23.54 ± 12.74 years while that of the controls was 23.62±12.86 years (P=0.968). Among the myopes, there were 42(52.5%) males and 38(47.5%) females while the control had 32(40.0%) males and 48(60.0%) females. There was no statistical difference in male (p=0.411) nor female (0.416) gender. The mean axial length of the myopes was 24.03±1.68 mm while that of the control was 23.09±0.87 mm. (P=0.001). There was no correlation between myopia and IOP (Pearson correlation coefficient: r=0.14, r=0.02, 95% CI=-0.14-0.18). There was also no correlation between IOP and axial length in both groups. There was however a linear correlation between myopia and axial length(r=0.76, r=0.57, 95% CI=0.45-0.67. Conclusion: Myopes have longer axial length than emmetropes in our study, this difference was not accounted for by changes in intraocular pressure.","PeriodicalId":9249,"journal":{"name":"British journal of medicine and medical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85696851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}