Biology and Fertility of Soils最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic effect of elevated CO2 and straw amendment on N2O emissions from a rice–wheat cropping system","authors":"Shengji Yan, Yunlong Liu, Daniel Revillini, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Kees Jan van Groenigen, Ziyin Shang, Xin Zhang, Haoyu Qian, Yu Jiang, Aixing Deng, Pete Smith, Yanfeng Ding, Weijian Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01866-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01866-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is one of the most important climate-forcing gases, and a large portion of global anthropogenic N₂O emissions come from agricultural soils. Yet, how contrasting global change factors and agricultural management can interact to drive N₂O emissions remains poorly understood. Here, conducted within a rice–wheat cropping system, we combined a two-year field experiment with two pot experiments to investigate the influences of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO₂) and crop straw addition to soil in altering N₂O emissions under wheat cropping. Our analyses identified consistent and significant interactions between eCO₂ and straw addition, whereby eCO₂ increased N₂O emissions (+ 19.9%) only when straw was added, and independent of different N fertilizer gradients and wheat varieties. Compared with the control (i.e., ambient CO₂ without straw addition), eCO₂ + straw addition increased N₂O emission by 44.7% and dissolved organic carbon to total dissolved nitrogen (DOC/TDN) ratio by 115.3%. Similarly, eCO₂ and straw addition significantly impacted soil N₂O-related microbial activity. For instance, the ratio of the abundance of N₂O production genes (i.e., <i>nirK</i> and <i>nirS</i>) to the abundance of the N₂O reduction gene (i.e., <i>nosZ</i>) with straw addition was 26.0% higher than that without straw under eCO₂. This indicates an increased denitrification potential and suggests a change in the stoichiometry of denitrification products, affecting the balance between N₂O production and reduction, leading to an increase in N₂O emissions. Taken together, our results emphasize the critical role of the interaction between the specific agronomic practice of straw addition and eCO₂ in shaping greenhouse gas emissions in the wheat production system studied, and underline the need to test the efficacy of greenhouse gas mitigation measures under various management practices and global change scenarios.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An innovative soil mesocosm system for studying the effect of soil moisture and background NO on soil surface C and N trace gas fluxes","authors":"Logapragasan Subramaniam, Florian Engelsberger, Benjamin Wolf, Nicolas Brüggemann, Laurent Philippot, Michael Dannenmann, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01862-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01862-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitric oxide (NO) is a key substance in atmospheric chemistry, influencing the formation and destruction of tropospheric ozone and the atmosphere's oxidizing capacity. It also affects the physiological functions of organisms. NO is produced, consumed, and emitted by soils, the effects of soil NO concentrations on microbial C and N cycling and associated trace gas fluxes remain largely unclear. This study describes a new automated 12-chamber soil mesocosm system that dynamically changes incoming airflow composition. It was used to investigate how varying NO concentrations affect soil microbial C and N cycling and associated trace gas fluxes under different moisture conditions (30% and 50% WFPS). Based on detection limits for NO, NO₂, N₂O, and CH₄ fluxes of &lt; 0.5 µg N or C m⁻² h⁻¹ and for CO₂ fluxes of &lt; 1.2 mg C m⁻² h⁻¹, we found that soil CO₂, CH₄, NO, NO₂, and N₂O were significantly affected by different soil moisture levels. After 17 days cumulative fluxes at 50% WFPS increased by 40, 400, and 500% for CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄, respectively, when compared to 30% WFPS. However, cumulative fluxes for NO, and NO₂, decreased by 70, and 40%, respectively, at 50% WFPS when compared to 30% WFPS. Different NO concentrations tended to decrease soil C and N fluxes by about 10–20%. However, with the observed variability among individual soil mesocosms and minor fluxes change. In conclusion, the developed system effectively investigates how and to what extent soil NO concentrations affect soil processes and potential plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderate effects of distance to air-filled macropores on denitrification potentials in soils","authors":"Hester van Dijk, Maik Geers-Lucas, Sina Henjes, Lena Rohe, Hans-Jörg Vogel, Marcus A. Horn, Steffen Schlüter","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01864-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01864-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Denitrification is a major source of the greenhouse gas N₂O. As a result of spatial heterogeneity of organic carbon, oxygen and nitrate, denitrification is observed even under relatively dry conditions. However, it is unclear whether denitrification potentials of microbial communities exhibit spatial patterns relative to variations in distance to soil pores facilitating oxygen exchange and nutrient transfer. Thus, we determined genetic and process-level denitrification potentials in two contrasting soils, a cropland and a grassland, with respect to the distance to air-filled pores. An X-ray computed tomography aided sampling strategy was applied for precise sampling of soil material. Process-level and genetic denitrification potentials in both soils were spatially variable, and similar with respect to distance to macropores. In the cropland soil, a minor increase of process-level potentials with distance to pores was observed and related to changes in NO₃⁻ rather than oxygen availability. Genetic denitrification potentials after the short-term incubations revealed a certain robustness of the local community. Thus, distance to macropores has a minor impact on denitrification potentials relative to the observed spatial variability. Our findings support the notion that the impact of macropore induced changes of the environmental conditions in soil does not overrule the high spatial variability due to other controlling factors, so that the rather minor proportion of spatial heterogeneity of functional genes and activity potentials related to macropore distances in soil need not be considered explicitly in modelling denitrification.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increases of N2O emissions due to enhanced nitrification in a sandy loam soil under long-term manure application","authors":"Xia Liao, Christoph Müller, Heyang Sun, Junji Yuan, Deyan Liu, Zengming Chen, Tiehu He, Anne Jansen-Willems, Jiafa Luo, Weixin Ding","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01861-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01861-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>¹⁵N tracing was carried out on sandy loam soil amended with (i) mineral nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer (NPK) alone, (ii) half mineral N and half N from chicken manure (HFC), or (iii) half mineral N and half N from cattle manure (HCM), for 8 years. Cumulative N₂O emissions during incubation were 30.2 µg N kg^− 1 in the NPK treatment, which increased to 37.8 and 51.3 µg N kg^− 1 in the HFC and HCM treatments, respectively. The majority of N₂O emissions in all the treatments were attributed to nitrification (81.0% in the NPK treatment, 83.0% in the HFC treatment, and 85.1% in the HCM treatment). Compared with NPK, HCM treatment caused a significant increase in the gross rate of nitrification, while HFC treatment slightly enhanced the rate of dissimilatory NO₃⁻ reduction to NH₄⁺. Additionally, HFC treatment achieved higher gross rates of organic N mineralization, and both HFC and HCM treatments had higher NH₄⁺ mineralization-immobilization turnover (<i>MI</i>_<i>A</i><i>T</i>) rates than NPK treatment. The results suggest that application of cattle or chicken manure increased soil NH₄⁺ availability. The gross rate of NO₃⁻ adsorption in the HCM treatment was greater than that in the NPK treatment, while the release of adsorbed NO₃⁻ in the HFC treatment was slower than that in the NPK treatment, indicating that application of cattle or chicken manure lowered the potential for NO₃⁻ leaching in soil. Overall, combining cattle or chicken manure with mineral fertilizer decreased NO₃⁻ availability but increased NH₄⁺ availability, leading to higher N₂O emissions through nitrification. Our results suggest that organic manures should be applied with nitrification inhibitors in sandy loam soil containing low organic carbon to increase soil fertility and mitigate N₂O emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full-factorial resource amendment experiments reveal carbon limitation of rhizosphere microbes in alpine coniferous forests","authors":"Jipeng Wang, Min Li, Qitong Wang, Ziliang Zhang, Dungang Wang, Peipei Zhang, Na Li, Yiqiu Zhong, Huajun Yin","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01860-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01860-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It remains unclear whether microbial carbon limitation exists in the rhizosphere, a microbial hotspot characterized by intensive labile carbon input. Here, we collected rhizosphere soils attached to absorptive and transport roots and bulk soils in three alpine coniferous forests and evaluated the limiting resources of microbes based on the responses of microbial growth (¹⁸O incorporation into DNA) and respiration to full-factorial amendments of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The results showed that adding carbon enhanced microbial growth and respiration rates in the rhizosphere soils by 1.2- and 10.3-fold, respectively, indicating the existence of carbon limitation for both anabolic and catabolic processes. In contrast, the promoting effects of nutrient addition were weak or manifested only after the alleviation of carbon limitation, suggesting that nutrients were co-limiting or secondarily limiting resources. Moreover, the category and extent of microbial resource limitations were comparable between the rhizosphere of absorptive and transport roots, and between the rhizosphere and bulk soils. Overall, our findings offer direct evidence for the presence of microbial carbon limitation in the rhizosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N2O production is influenced by the abundance of nitrite-reducers and N2O-reducers in casts produced by a large variety of tropical earthworm species","authors":"Yacouba Zi, Quang Van Pham, Nicolas Bottinelli, Yvan Capowiez, Amélie Cantarel, Cornelia Rumpel, Alessandro Florio","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01858-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01858-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigated the potential of earthworm casts to emit N₂O, hypothesizing that emission levels are influenced by the species of earthworm and their ecological category. This study examined casts a broad taxonomic and ecological coverage of tropical earthworms, i.e., 16 different species across four ecological categories. We quantified the potential nitrification, N₂O production and consumption as well as the abundance of N-related microbial functional groups, including ammonia-oxidizers, nitrite-reducers, and distinct clades of N₂O-reducers, along with casts chemical properties to determine cast organic matter quality and substrate availability. Earthworm casts exhibited significantly higher concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, and nitrate compared to control soil, while humification index were lower. A negative correlation between humification index and potential N₂O production suggests that more labile substrates in the casts promote higher N₂O flux. Net potential N₂O emissions were higher in the casts of 7 out of 16 species compared to control soil, and all species’ casts showed higher gross potential N₂O production, with substantial interspecific variability. The abundance of nitrite and N₂O reducers was significantly higher in the casts and positively correlated with potential N₂O emissions. Casts from epigeic and mixed categories displayed higher carbon and nitrogen content, abundance of nitrite and N₂O reducers, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, and potential N₂O production compared to anecic and endogeic categories, which exhibited higher values of humification index. Structural equation modeling indicated that gross potential N₂O production was primarily explained by the abundance of nitrite reducers and substrate availability indicators such as humification index and nitrate concentration. Our study demonstrates significant interspecific variability in N₂O potential emissions from a broad range of tropical earthworm casts, influenced by species feeding behavior, microbial communities, and substrate availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142045650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difference in soil microbial necromass carbon accumulation induced by three crops straw mulching for 4 years in a citrus orchard","authors":"Xiaomin Liang, Yilin Chen, Xiaojuan Wang, Qiling Tan, Songwei Wu, Chengxiao Hu","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01859-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01859-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil microbial necromass carbon (C) is a crucial component of the soil organic C pool. The impact of both straw mulching treatments and years on the soil microbial necromass C accumulation remains unclear. We investigated factors driving soil microbial necromass C accumulation and its role in improving yield by analyzing the dynamic response of microbial necromass C, total organic C (TOC) and available nutrients, genes encoding carbohydrate-degrading enzymes and fruit yield of citrus under different straw types of mulching (wheat, rice, oilseed rape, no mulch) from 2019 to 2022. Annual rainfall was the main factor affecting the soil bacterial necromass C (BNC) accumulation. Straw mulching treatments were the main factor affecting the soil fungal necromass C (FNC) accumulation. Increased annual rainfall and high soil moisture levels hindered the soil microbial necromass C accumulation, especially BNC. No correlation was found between BNC and the relative abundance of genes encoding peptidoglycan (bacteria-derived biomass) degrading enzymes. Decreased relative abundance of genes encoding chitin (fungal-derived biomass) degrading enzymes, particularly GH18, favored the accumulation of FNC. <i>Actinomycetes</i> were the most significant contributors of the GH18 gene among microbial phyla. Moreover, oilseed rape and rice mulching treatments reduced the relative abundance of genes encoding enzymes degrading chitin. Microbial necromass C, especially BNC, was key for sustaining TOC, supplying nutrients, and enhancing citrus fruit yield. Our results provide new information for optimizing straw mulch type and application time in citrus orchards to improve soil microbial necromass accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142042610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Top-down gene upregulation and not microbial community diversity in explaining local-scale litter decomposition","authors":"Xingzhou Huang, Fangping Li, Fuzhong Wu, Xinying Zhang, Xiangyin Ni","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01857-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01857-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Litter decomposition has historically been attributed to soil microbial community at local scale, but which fundamental process directly contributes to carbon release from decomposing litter remains not fully understood. Here we used in situ microcosms to assess the temporal changes in soil microbial biomass, taxonomic composition, alpha and beta diversity, network complexity and carbon-degrading functional genes during litter decomposition of a subtropical dominant species (<i>Castanopsis carlesii</i>) in an older (45-years) and a younger (9-years) evergreen broadleaved forests. The soil phospholipid fatty acids, bacterial and fungal community composition, α-diversity indexes and network topological properties were not changed significantly after short-term litter input when litter was decomposed by approximately 70%. However, the absolute abundance of functional genes involved in the decomposition of starch, pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose, chitin and lignin were up-regulated, and these variations were associated with soil α-1.4-glucosidase, β-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase activities in contributing to litter carbon release during decomposition. These results suggest that the upregulation of functional genes rather than microbial community composition and diversity controls local-scale litter decomposition by encoding and secreting enzymes in these subtropical forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic fertilization strengthens multiple internal pathways for soil mineral nitrogen production: evidence from the meta-analysis of long-term field trials","authors":"Ahmed S. Elrys, Shending Chen, Mengru Kong, Lijun Liu, Qilin Zhu, Xiaoqian Dan, Shuirong Tang, Yanzheng Wu, Lei Meng, Jinbo Zhang, Christoph Müller","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01856-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01856-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Organic carbon based amendments can improve soil structure and fertility, as well as increase composition and diversity of soil microbial community. One of the major functions of improving soil fertility is to achieve effective nitrogen (N) management and mineralization. In this study, 746 paired observations were pooled from 20 long-term field experiments to verify the hypothesis that compared to synthetic only fertilization, long-term application of organic fertilization alone or in combination with synthetic fertilization could strengthen multiple internal pathways for soil N supply under various climatic conditions. We found that long-term application of synthetic N fertilizers alone or in combination with phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) led to an increase only in the recalcitrant organic N mineralization rate (<i>M</i>_Nrec) by 210% and 263%, respectively. However, long-term application of organic fertilizers alone or in combination with synthetic N fertilizers increased <i>M</i>_Nrec, labile organic N mineralization rate (<i>M</i>_Nlab) and release of adsorbed ammonium from cation exchange sites (<i>R</i>_NH4a) by 160% and 200%, 153% and 353%, and 1025% and 541%, respectively. This indicates that organic fertilization can strengthen multiple internal pathways for mineral N production. The long-term co-application of organic and synthetic fertilizers stimulated <i>M</i>_Nlab (197%), <i>M</i>_Nrec (151%) and <i>R</i>_NH4a (563%) in subtropical regions, but it had no effect on heterotrophic nitrification (<i>O</i>_Nrec). In contrast, it stimulated <i>M</i>_Nrec (505%), <i>R</i>_NH4a (633%) and <i>O</i>_Nrec (184%) in temperate regions, with no observed effect on <i>M</i>_Nlab. These data confirm that if one N supply source is shut-off under specific climatic conditions the other pathways continue to provide N. The meta-analysis advances our understanding of agroecosystems and as such help to improve frameworks for enhancing soil health.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ soil imaging, a tool for monitoring the hourly to monthly temporal dynamics of soil biota","authors":"Emma Belaud, Christophe Jourdan, Dominique Barry-Etienne, Claire Marsden, Agnès Robin, Elisa Taschen, Mickael Hedde","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01851-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01851-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The complexity of the opaque soil matrix is a major obstacle to studying the organisms that inhabit it. Fast technological progress now offers new possibilities for the monitoring of soil biodiversity and root growth, such as in situ soil imaging. This study presents the potential of soil imaging devices to investigate the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of soil biological activity and their interactions. The soil imaging devices were buried in a truffle field located in the south of France and set up to capture images automatically every 6 h at 1200 dpi. For the first time, root growth, mycorrhizal colonization and invertebrate occurrences – for 16 taxa – were studied simultaneously on the images captured over 3 months (between May and July 2019). The peak in root growth occurred at the end of May and beginning of June, followed by a peak in ectomycorrhizal colonization in mid-June. For invertebrates, specific dynamics of activity were observed for each taxon, reflecting contrasting phenologies. The constructed network of co-occurrences between invertebrates shows a change in its structure over the period, with a reduction of connectance. At a fine scale, oak fine roots revealed temporally variable growth rates with higher values at night. This window on the opaque soil matrix addresses many methodological challenges by allowing the monitoring of soil biological activity in an integrative, dynamic and non-destructive way. This innovative in situ imaging tool opens new questions and new ways of answering long-standing questions in soil ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}