Biology and Fertility of Soils最新文献

{"title":"Metatranscriptomic analysis to reveal the coupling between nitrogen fixation and CH4 oxidation in root tissues of Phragmites australis","authors":"Zhihua Bao, Jing Cui, Jumei Liu, Meng Zhang, Linxia Chen, Weiwei Cao, Ke Yu, Lixin Wang, Zhongjun Jia, Ji Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01869-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01869-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The root-associated type II methanotrophs significantly contribute to CH₄ oxidation-dependent N₂ fixation. However, it is unclear whether type I methanotrophs are involved in CH₄ oxidation and N₂ fixation, especially in natural wetlands. So far, limited attention has given to root-associated active microorganisms. Here, metatranscriptomic analysis of root-associated microbes has been proposed to reveal the aerobic methanotrophs contributing to CH₄ and nitrogen cycles in the roots of <i>Phragmites australis</i> grown in a natural wetland. Results showed Methylocystaceae (type II methanotrophs) and Methylococcaceae (type I methanotrophs) as major taxa (relative abundance, 14%) at transcription level. However, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, contribution of these taxa was &lt; 1% at DNA level. Genes encoding methane monooxygenase (enzyme responsible for the first step of CH₄ oxidation) were detected in <i>Methylomonas</i> (<i>pmoCBA</i>) and <i>Methylosinus</i> (<i>mmoXYZCB</i>). Furthermore, genes related to methanol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, and formate dehydrogenase were also detected in <i>Methyosinus</i> and <i>Methylomonas</i>, while <i>mcrA</i> gene was observed in <i>Methanospirillum</i> and <i>Methanofollis</i>. Moreover, nitrogenase structural genes, such as <i>nifHDK,</i> were found in <i>Methylosinus</i> (Methylocystaceae) and <i>Methylomonas</i> (Methylococcaceae). Minor nitrogenase genes were detected in <i>Cyanothece</i>, <i>Lyngbya</i>, <i>Pelobacter</i> and <i>Smithella</i> of Cyanobacteriaceae family. In addition, N₂ fixing activity of <i>P. australis</i> was determined by analyzing the natural abundance of δ¹⁵N from June to August. The N₂ fixing activity of <i>P. australis</i> increased in presence of CH₄ in root system under ¹⁵N-N₂ feeding. Metatranscriptomic analysis revealed that not only type II methanotrophs, but also type I methanotrophs oxidize CH₄ and fix N₂.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142398130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the survival rate and effectiveness of plant growth-promoting bacteria through bioencapsulation techniques","authors":"Luz de-Bashan, Juan D. Giraldo, Mauricio Cruz-Barrera, Mauricio Schoebitz","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01870-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01870-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the absence of an appropriate formulation, the population of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) inoculated into soil may be significantly reduced. These unprotected introduced bacteria must compete with the often-more adapted native microflora and are susceptible to predation by soil microfauna. This opinion paper addresses the significance of proper formulation in creating an effective inoculant, discusses the primary challenges associated with current liquid and dry formulations, and emphasizes the rationale for bioencapsulation as the optimal approach for protecting PGPB in a successful inoculant.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced CO2 emissions from soil organic matter in agricultural fields during microbial community assemblage","authors":"Guozhen Gao, Haiyan Cui, Pengfa Li, Shiyu Ma, Ming Liu, Meng Wu, Zhongpei Li","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01868-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01868-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using two kinds of microbial inoculations extracted from soil cropped to rice and peanut, we conducted a swap-inoculation experiment to explore the relative importance of microbial inoculation and soil properties on CO₂ emissions from soil. Inoculated microorganisms into a soil different from their origin (swap inoculation) were partially successful and reduced CO₂ emissions, namely according to home-field advantage (HFA); The success of invasive microorganisms depended on molecular composition of soil organic matter (SOM) compared to inoculation of native microbes (inoculated microorganisms into origin soil). The different habits screened the fewer microorganisms to undergo respiration for energy and life-sustaining activities, thus decreasing CO₂ emissions from SOM. However, the effect of HFA diminished with incubation time, as the invasive microorganisms reshaped SOM molecular diversity and composition during microbial community assemblage, which fits with the Gaia effect (GE). Specific microbial communities, such as <i>Bacteroidetes</i> and <i>Actinobacteria</i>, drove the conversion of persistent molecules to labile molecules, thereby increasing the chances of SOM mineralization by microorganisms. We found there was positive correlation between labile SOM molecules and SOM mineralization. In addition, MBC increased in swap inoculation compared to native inoculation after 60 days, which also resulted in higher CO₂ emissions from SOM. HFA and GE provide new perspectives to help decipher the interaction between microorganisms and the habitat under microbial invasion, and the mechanism of influence on CO₂ emissions from SOM.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated rather than organic farming history facilitates soil nitrogen turnover and N2O reduction in a green rye – silage maize cropping sequence","authors":"Fawad Khan, Samuel Franco-Luesma, Michael Ulrich Dannenmann, Rainer Gasche, Andreas Gattinger, Frederik Hartmann, Beatrice Tobisch, Ralf Kiese, Benjamin Wolf","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01865-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01865-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil gross mineral N production and consumption processes are crucial regulators of plant productivity and N loss from croplands. Substituting synthetic fertilizers by integrating legumes in cultivation systems is common in organic farming, but research on its long-term impact on dynamics of gross soil N transformation and associated environmental N loss is scarce. In particular, studies at a temporal resolution that allows for a mechanistic understanding of long-term effects of organic farming are missing. Therefore, we determined gross N turnover rates of ammonification, nitrification, and ammonium and nitrate immobilization at monthly temporal resolution during a full green rye-maize cropping sequence. Measurements were carried out at sites with same pedo-climatic background but organic farming (OF) and integrated farming (IF) history. During green rye growing, N turnover rates for OF and IF were low and not significantly different, likely owing to low temperatures. During silage maize growing, IF exhibited significantly higher average N turnover rates of 1.86, 4.46, and 5.57 mg N kg⁻¹ dry soil d⁻¹ for gross ammonification, ammonium immobilization, and nitrate immobilization, respectively, compared to OF values of 1.11, 1.80, and 2.90 mg N kg⁻¹ dry soil d⁻¹. The significantly higher N turnover rates were likely due to higher soil organic C, N and microbial biomass which result from different long-term management practices. Especially the increased immobilization potential on the IF site contributed to significantly lower area-scaled N₂O emissions (1.45 vs. 4.36 kg N ha⁻¹) during periods of high nitrification. This shows that for low SOC soils, integrated farming history with high C return enhances soil N cycling and reduces the risk of N losses in the form of N₂O emission.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of acetochlor degradation and bacterial community in black soil to the application of vermicompost","authors":"Xia Hou, Xinhong Wang, Yang Ou, Liming Yan, Huiping Liu, Xinyi Li, Minglian Shang","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01867-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01867-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acetochlor (ACE), one of the widely used herbicides in northeastern China, has raised concerns due to its residual presence in the soil. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of adding vermicompost on the degradation efficiency and pathways of acetochlor in black soil under dark conditions. The results showed that the vermicompost addition increased the degradation rate of acetochlor, shortened its degradation half-life, and altered the composition of the bacterial community. The influence of vermicompost on bacterial community diversity is minimal, but it can increase the relative abundance of acetochlor degradation bacteria, promoting the collaboration between exogenous and indigenous bacteria to enhance acetochlor utilization. GC-MS analysis revealed the formation of seven metabolites during the acetochlor degradation process, including 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) acetamide, 2-ethyl-6-methylaniline, 4-amino-3-ethyl-5-methylpheno, 2-ethyl-6-methylcychexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diol, 2-ethyl-6-methylcychexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione, N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)hydroxylamine and 1-ethyl-3-methyl-2-nitrobenzene. The synergistic action of <i>Sphingomonas</i>, <i>Rhodococcus</i>, <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Arthrobacter</i>,<i> Methylobacillus</i>, and <i>Streptomyces</i> probably lead to the gradual decomposition of acetochlor into H₂O and CO₂. Comparative analysis of functional genes in the KEGG metabolic pathways showed upregulation of hyaB/hybC, hyaA/hybO, nfsA, nfnB/nfsB, and nemA in the soil treated with vermicompost. These functional genes could promote -NHOH conversion to -NO₂. Additionally, redundancy analysis revealed that soil organic matter and pH were the main driving factors for bacterial community variation. These findings suggest that vermicompost can be used as a bioremediation measure to reduce acetochlor in black soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142325386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen input differentially shapes the rhizosphere microbiome diversity and composition across diverse maize lines","authors":"Hussnain Mukhtar, Jingjie Hao, Gen Xu, Emma Bergmeyer, Musa Ulutas, Jinliang Yang, Daniel P. Schachtman","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01863-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01863-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the crucial role of microbial communities in agroecosystem functioning, a clear picture of how nitrogen shapes rhizosphere microbial complexity and community structure across diverse maize lines remains elusive. To address this gap, we conducted 16S amplicon sequencing of the rhizosphere microbial communities across a diverse range of maize inbred lines (305 genotypes) and their F1 hybrids (196 genotypes) cultivated in both low-nitrogen (unfertilized) and high-nitrogen (fertilized) soils. Our findings reveal that N fertilizer treatment had contrasting effects on the rhizosphere microbial communities of inbreds and hybrids. N fertilization increased alpha diversity but decreased the abundance of <i>Pseudomonas</i> taxa in inbred lines, while the opposite was true for hybrids. The proportion of variance determined by plant host factors was also better explained under low-N, demonstrating that N fertilization reduced the influence of the host over the rhizosphere microbial community. Microbial networks revealed significant differences in the number of nodes and clustering coefficients between the rhizosphere microbial communities of inbred and hybrid maize, with these differences being further differentiated by changes in nitrogen levels. Overall, our study reveals the interplay among rhizosphere microbiomes, abiotic stress induced by low soil nitrogen, and plant host factors facilitating the identification of stable microbial communities in response to environmental stress. These findings contribute to the potential engineering of resilient microbial consortia highlighting the importance of the influence of plant genotype and the environment on the rhizosphere microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effect of elevated CO2 and straw amendment on N2O emissions from a rice–wheat cropping system","authors":"Shengji Yan, Yunlong Liu, Daniel Revillini, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Kees Jan van Groenigen, Ziyin Shang, Xin Zhang, Haoyu Qian, Yu Jiang, Aixing Deng, Pete Smith, Yanfeng Ding, Weijian Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01866-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01866-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is one of the most important climate-forcing gases, and a large portion of global anthropogenic N₂O emissions come from agricultural soils. Yet, how contrasting global change factors and agricultural management can interact to drive N₂O emissions remains poorly understood. Here, conducted within a rice–wheat cropping system, we combined a two-year field experiment with two pot experiments to investigate the influences of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO₂) and crop straw addition to soil in altering N₂O emissions under wheat cropping. Our analyses identified consistent and significant interactions between eCO₂ and straw addition, whereby eCO₂ increased N₂O emissions (+ 19.9%) only when straw was added, and independent of different N fertilizer gradients and wheat varieties. Compared with the control (i.e., ambient CO₂ without straw addition), eCO₂ + straw addition increased N₂O emission by 44.7% and dissolved organic carbon to total dissolved nitrogen (DOC/TDN) ratio by 115.3%. Similarly, eCO₂ and straw addition significantly impacted soil N₂O-related microbial activity. For instance, the ratio of the abundance of N₂O production genes (i.e., <i>nirK</i> and <i>nirS</i>) to the abundance of the N₂O reduction gene (i.e., <i>nosZ</i>) with straw addition was 26.0% higher than that without straw under eCO₂. This indicates an increased denitrification potential and suggests a change in the stoichiometry of denitrification products, affecting the balance between N₂O production and reduction, leading to an increase in N₂O emissions. Taken together, our results emphasize the critical role of the interaction between the specific agronomic practice of straw addition and eCO₂ in shaping greenhouse gas emissions in the wheat production system studied, and underline the need to test the efficacy of greenhouse gas mitigation measures under various management practices and global change scenarios.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An innovative soil mesocosm system for studying the effect of soil moisture and background NO on soil surface C and N trace gas fluxes","authors":"Logapragasan Subramaniam, Florian Engelsberger, Benjamin Wolf, Nicolas Brüggemann, Laurent Philippot, Michael Dannenmann, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01862-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01862-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitric oxide (NO) is a key substance in atmospheric chemistry, influencing the formation and destruction of tropospheric ozone and the atmosphere's oxidizing capacity. It also affects the physiological functions of organisms. NO is produced, consumed, and emitted by soils, the effects of soil NO concentrations on microbial C and N cycling and associated trace gas fluxes remain largely unclear. This study describes a new automated 12-chamber soil mesocosm system that dynamically changes incoming airflow composition. It was used to investigate how varying NO concentrations affect soil microbial C and N cycling and associated trace gas fluxes under different moisture conditions (30% and 50% WFPS). Based on detection limits for NO, NO₂, N₂O, and CH₄ fluxes of &lt; 0.5 µg N or C m⁻² h⁻¹ and for CO₂ fluxes of &lt; 1.2 mg C m⁻² h⁻¹, we found that soil CO₂, CH₄, NO, NO₂, and N₂O were significantly affected by different soil moisture levels. After 17 days cumulative fluxes at 50% WFPS increased by 40, 400, and 500% for CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄, respectively, when compared to 30% WFPS. However, cumulative fluxes for NO, and NO₂, decreased by 70, and 40%, respectively, at 50% WFPS when compared to 30% WFPS. Different NO concentrations tended to decrease soil C and N fluxes by about 10–20%. However, with the observed variability among individual soil mesocosms and minor fluxes change. In conclusion, the developed system effectively investigates how and to what extent soil NO concentrations affect soil processes and potential plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderate effects of distance to air-filled macropores on denitrification potentials in soils","authors":"Hester van Dijk, Maik Geers-Lucas, Sina Henjes, Lena Rohe, Hans-Jörg Vogel, Marcus A. Horn, Steffen Schlüter","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01864-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01864-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Denitrification is a major source of the greenhouse gas N₂O. As a result of spatial heterogeneity of organic carbon, oxygen and nitrate, denitrification is observed even under relatively dry conditions. However, it is unclear whether denitrification potentials of microbial communities exhibit spatial patterns relative to variations in distance to soil pores facilitating oxygen exchange and nutrient transfer. Thus, we determined genetic and process-level denitrification potentials in two contrasting soils, a cropland and a grassland, with respect to the distance to air-filled pores. An X-ray computed tomography aided sampling strategy was applied for precise sampling of soil material. Process-level and genetic denitrification potentials in both soils were spatially variable, and similar with respect to distance to macropores. In the cropland soil, a minor increase of process-level potentials with distance to pores was observed and related to changes in NO₃⁻ rather than oxygen availability. Genetic denitrification potentials after the short-term incubations revealed a certain robustness of the local community. Thus, distance to macropores has a minor impact on denitrification potentials relative to the observed spatial variability. Our findings support the notion that the impact of macropore induced changes of the environmental conditions in soil does not overrule the high spatial variability due to other controlling factors, so that the rather minor proportion of spatial heterogeneity of functional genes and activity potentials related to macropore distances in soil need not be considered explicitly in modelling denitrification.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increases of N2O emissions due to enhanced nitrification in a sandy loam soil under long-term manure application","authors":"Xia Liao, Christoph Müller, Heyang Sun, Junji Yuan, Deyan Liu, Zengming Chen, Tiehu He, Anne Jansen-Willems, Jiafa Luo, Weixin Ding","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01861-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01861-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>¹⁵N tracing was carried out on sandy loam soil amended with (i) mineral nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer (NPK) alone, (ii) half mineral N and half N from chicken manure (HFC), or (iii) half mineral N and half N from cattle manure (HCM), for 8 years. Cumulative N₂O emissions during incubation were 30.2 µg N kg^− 1 in the NPK treatment, which increased to 37.8 and 51.3 µg N kg^− 1 in the HFC and HCM treatments, respectively. The majority of N₂O emissions in all the treatments were attributed to nitrification (81.0% in the NPK treatment, 83.0% in the HFC treatment, and 85.1% in the HCM treatment). Compared with NPK, HCM treatment caused a significant increase in the gross rate of nitrification, while HFC treatment slightly enhanced the rate of dissimilatory NO₃⁻ reduction to NH₄⁺. Additionally, HFC treatment achieved higher gross rates of organic N mineralization, and both HFC and HCM treatments had higher NH₄⁺ mineralization-immobilization turnover (<i>MI</i>_<i>A</i><i>T</i>) rates than NPK treatment. The results suggest that application of cattle or chicken manure increased soil NH₄⁺ availability. The gross rate of NO₃⁻ adsorption in the HCM treatment was greater than that in the NPK treatment, while the release of adsorbed NO₃⁻ in the HFC treatment was slower than that in the NPK treatment, indicating that application of cattle or chicken manure lowered the potential for NO₃⁻ leaching in soil. Overall, combining cattle or chicken manure with mineral fertilizer decreased NO₃⁻ availability but increased NH₄⁺ availability, leading to higher N₂O emissions through nitrification. Our results suggest that organic manures should be applied with nitrification inhibitors in sandy loam soil containing low organic carbon to increase soil fertility and mitigate N₂O emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}