Biology and Fertility of Soils最新文献

{"title":"Functional shift in soil microbiome with decline in photosynthetic carbon input signifies rapid decrease of soil organic carbon during alpine grassland degradation","authors":"Minghua Song, Rui Pang, Yuqiang Tian, Yikang Li, Guiqiang Wang, Xingliang Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00374-025-01907-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-025-01907-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How photosynthetic carbon input regulates the microbial processes involved in carbon incorporation into soil organic carbon (SOC) and its stabilization during grassland degradation remains unclear. We utilized ¹³C to trace photosynthetic carbon incorporation into SOC and its pools, particulate (POC) and mineral-associated (MAOC) organic carbon, and carbon assimilation by soil microbes across five stages of alpine grassland degradation (S0, without grazing; S1, moderate grazing; S2–S4, light, moderate, and heavy degradation). As grassland approached S4, SOC in the top layer decreased by 53% compared with that in S3. A similar trend was observed in the middle and bottom soil layers, corresponding to a significant decrease in POC (decreased by 54, 40, and 35% in the top, middle and bottom layer, respectively) and carbon incorporation into POC (decreased by 83, 24, and 91% in the top, middle and bottom layer, respectively). A rapid decrease in MAOC was observed in S4, and carbon incorporation into MAOC decreased abruptly in the middle (10–20 cm) and bottom (20–30 cm) soil layers of S3. More than 57% of the incorporated carbon was concentrated in the top (0–10 cm) layers of S0-S4, whereas the middle and bottom layers of S3 and S4 exhibited nearly zero carbon incorporation. During degradation, fungal groups exhibited a downward trend in photosynthetic carbon assimilation, which was associated with their decreasing contribution to carbon incorporation into SOC. However, a relatively high proportion of bacteria participated in carbon assimilation at all soil depths at each stage, suggesting that more bacteria became active in decomposing the original SOC with decreasing carbon input. Our study successfully links aboveground and belowground processes which are crucial to comprehensively understand ecosystem responses to climate change and human activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenylate energy charge (AEC) in soil: an almost ignored determination of soil microbial activity - in memory of Phil Brookes","authors":"Rainer Georg Joergensen, Paolo Nannipieri","doi":"10.1007/s00374-025-01908-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-025-01908-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current opinion paper aims to revitalize the important methodological approach initiated by Phil Brookes to measure the adenylate energy charge (AEC) of soils, which indicates the energy status of microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Even dormant soil microorganisms maintain high AEC, i.e., (ATP + 0.5 × ADP) / (ATP + ADP + AMP), levels and, thus, rather stable ATP/MBC and adenylate/MBC ratios. New extractants, improved enzymatic tests, and chromatographic systems are available now that could give new impetus to the measurement of adenylates and AEC in soil. The AEC is a useful tool to investigate important and still unsolved questions in soil microbial biochemistry. For example, drying and rewetting cycles of soil lead to AEC fluctuations, where the energy fluxes of ATP hydrolysis and synthesis remain unknown. Decreasing AEC values might give insights into microbial death processes, particularly in combination with amino sugar assays or molecular genetic techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil phosphorus dynamics during grassland establishment after deforestation and intensive agricultural use","authors":"Pablo Souza-Alonso, Verónica Piñeiro, Agustín Merino","doi":"10.1007/s00374-025-01903-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-025-01903-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The depletion of P resources is threatening agricultural sustainability and understanding the mechanisms by which land use change can restore soil health is therefore essential. This study investigated the long-term dynamics of soil phosphorus (P) following the conversion of cropland to grassland in northwestern Spain. The research evaluated how increases in soil organic matter (SOM) have influenced soil P forms along a 40-year chronosequence of grassland establishment, revealing a slow but gradual recovery of organic P (Po), mainly as P-monoesters and diesters. Intensive cropland management initially led to the significant loss of organic P through accelerated mineralization, promoting the dominance of inorganic P (Pi) forms. However, grassland establishment led to a gradual increase in the organic P contents, Po: Pi ratios and soil organic carbon (SOC): Po ratios, suggesting that conversion of cropland to grassland can partly mitigate the initial losses and promote P sustainability (improving nutritional P-use efficiency). Although the recovery of P levels and P distribution to the original state is a long-term prospect, the research findings highlight the important role of grassland conservation in sustaining soil nutrient cycles and fostering agroecosystem resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143608029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenic fungi accumulation rather than direct autotoxicity is responsible for the root-rot disease of foxtail millet under continuous monoculture regimes","authors":"Yang Xueping, Du Dan, Zhang Mengzhen, Sun Dasheng, Yuan Xiangyang, Ma Chunsen, Yang Xuefang","doi":"10.1007/s00374-025-01904-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-025-01904-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Foxtail millet is a dietary staple cultivated in arid and semiarid regions worldwide but its sustainable cultivation is strongly restricted by continuous cropping obstacles. Here, we compared the performance of foxtail millet, rhizosphere soil fungi communities under non-continuous cropping, and two and eight years of continuous monocultures (C0, C2, and C8, respectively) to explore the underlying mechanisms. The emergence rates and yield of foxtail millet decreased under continuous monoculture, and the magnitude increased with years of the monoculture. The C8 soil slurry alone and in combination with bactericide (Bronopol) significantly suppressed the emergence rates and root length of foxtail millet, whereas the presence of fungicide (Captan) almost entirely attenuated the suppressive effects, indicating that fungi, but not autotoxicity, are responsible for the negative effects of the continuous cropping on the performance of foxtail millet. Eight-year of monoculture decreased the relative abundance of the fungal genera <i>Acaulium</i>, <i>Gymnoascus</i>, <i>Mortierella</i>, <i>Solicoccozyma</i>, and <i>Pseudombrophila</i>, stimulated the relative abundance of the fungal genera <i>Fusarium</i>, <i>Acremonium</i>, and <i>Cephalotrichum</i>. An <i>F. oxysporum</i> strain, YD<i>Si</i>-3, was isolated from the C8 rhizosphere soil, which induced root-rot disease in foxtail millet. The concentrations of phenolic acids, especially cinnamic acid, significantly increased in the C8 rhizosphere soil. The application of cinnamic acid largely increased the abundance of <i>F. oxysporum</i> in C0 soils. Overall, our findings suggest that the negative effects of continuous cropping on foxtail millet may be attributed to pathogenic fungal accumulation because of the phenolic-acid enrichment in the rhizosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143608028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus accumulation by seabird nesting changes soil bacterial community and nutrient cycles of a subtropical Island","authors":"Dandan Long, Qian Chen, Kexin Zhang, Caiyun Zhang, Jiqiu Li, Hongyou Hu, Xiaofeng Lin","doi":"10.1007/s00374-025-01902-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-025-01902-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Comprehensive understanding of how seabird nesting influences island soil ecosystems and the underlying mechanisms remains limited. Here, the response of soil bacterial communities in biodiversity and functions to the changing soil properties induced by seabird nesting were investigated based on a case study on a subtropical, unpopulated island of China. Results showed that seabird nesting increased phosphorus input. Soil nitrate nitrogen was also significantly increased, while ammonium nitrogen was decreased. Seabird nesting decreased the alpha diversity of soil bacterial communities and led to a more frangible bacterial co-occurrence network. The relative abundances of Acidobacteriota and Proteobacteria were significantly increased, while that of Chloroflexi was significantly reduced. Soil nutrient cycling might also be weakened via the inhibition of functional genes involved in methane metabolism (<i>pfkA</i>, <i>PFK</i>, etc.), phosphonate transporter (<i>phnC</i>, <i>phnE</i>, etc.), and sulfate reduction (<i>soxA</i>, <i>soxX</i>, etc.). In addition, phosphorus dynamic was identified as the key driver of seabird nesting shifting island soil bacterial communities and nutrient cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrifier denitrification can contribute to N2O emissions substantially in wet agricultural soil","authors":"Xiaoqian He, Hui Wang, Xiaotang Ju, Zhifeng Yan, Xia Zhu-Barker","doi":"10.1007/s00374-025-01901-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-025-01901-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitrifier denitrification (ND) is recognized as an important pathway for N₂O production in agricultural soils, yet its contributions under different moisture contents are poorly quantified. Using an enriched dual isotope (¹⁵N − ¹⁸O) approach, we estimated N₂O production from ND across eight moisture levels (40–120% water-filled pore space, WFPS) in a typical agricultural soil from the North China Plain. Total N₂O flux began to increase when WFPS exceeded 70%, peaking at 100% WFPS, indicating substantial N₂O emission potential in wet soils. In contrast, the N₂O production from ND increased gradually from 40–70% WFPS, rose sharply from 70–90% WFPS, stabilized between 90–100% WFPS, and declined rapidly from 100–120% WFPS. ND contributed approximately 20%, 80%, and 30% of N₂O emissions under low (40–50% WFPS), intermediate (60–70% WFPS), and high (80–120% WFPS) moisture conditions, respectively. Future contributions from ND may increase as irrigation and extreme rainfall events become more frequent under changing climates.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil cropping selects for nutrient efficient but more costly indigenous mycorrhizal fungal communities","authors":"Paula A. Buil, Jan Jansa, Martin Rozmoš, Michala Kotianová, Petra Bukovská, Gabriel Grilli, Nicolás Marro, Martina Janoušková","doi":"10.1007/s00374-025-01900-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-025-01900-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conventional agriculture has been suggested to promote less mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The main aim of this study was to test this assumption by a detailed functional analysis of the plant mycorrhizal benefits and costs. A cross-inoculation experiment was established with <i>Plantago lanceolata</i> as a host plant and inocula of AMF sourced from four pairs of conventionally managed arable fields and neighbouring grasslands. Mycorrhizal effects were determined for a range of plant parameters including fluxes of isotopically labelled phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and carbon (C), and related to root colonization and composition of the different AMF communities.</p><p>The association of <i>P. lanceolata</i> with arable-field inocula was less beneficial in terms of plant growth promotion and it also led to more pronounced P accumulation in plant biomass, as compared to grassland inocula. Furthermore, arable-field AMF increased ¹⁵N depletion in soil and ¹⁵N transfer to shoots, and induced higher ¹³C drain to soil. These differential functional parameters were related to consistent compositional differences between arable-soil and grassland AMF communities in the roots. Differential effects of the AMF inocula on N and C partitioning in the soil–plant system suggest faster foraging for nutrients by arable-soil AMF and higher demand for C, which are characteristics associated with ruderal AMF. This implies that arable-soil AMF may be less beneficial in conditions of plant growth limitation by C than the grassland AMF.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of a model for denitrification with batch and porous media experiments","authors":"Jan Zawallich, Olaf Ippisch","doi":"10.1007/s00374-025-01898-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-025-01898-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Denitrification, the microbial process (and its subprocesses) of reducing nitrogenous oxides to gaseous nitrogen, is usually modelled using the relevant scale, i.e. microscopic, laboratory, field, or landscape scale. It is shown that a newly developed model can simulate several experiments with a denitrifying strain of bacteria at the microscopic scale with different initial oxygen and nitrate concentrations all at once. It is shown that for this, a new approach for the onset of denitrification is needed. It will then be investigated whether the model can be transferred from the microscopic scale to the laboratory scale to simulate an experimental setup with sintered glass beads that mimic hot spots in the soil. For this, the reaction from the batch experiment model is not changed, but diffusion of the components is added. While the spatially resolved model seems to incorporate the spatial structure correctly, shown by the good agreement between simulation and experiment under purely oxic conditions, there is a structural mismatch between the simulation and the experiments with denitrification.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143518807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar mitigates nitrogen deposition-induced enhancement of soil N2O emissions in a subtropical forest","authors":"Jiashu Zhou, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Tony Vancov, Yurong Liu, Xuhui Zhou, Ji Chen, Yunying Fang, Shuokang Liu, Bing Yu, Guomo Zhou, Baojing Gu, Jason C. White, Xinli Chen, Yongfu Li","doi":"10.1007/s00374-025-01899-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-025-01899-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Subtropical forests are significant contributors to N₂O emissions with consequences for climate regulation. Biochar application has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate soil N₂O emissions, yet its effects and the underlying mechanisms under nitrogen (N) deposition in subtropical forests remain poorly understood. A comprehensive 3-year field study within a subtropical forest reveals that N deposition led to a significant increase in soil N₂O emissions by 14.6–25.1% annually. However, biochar application resulted in a substantial reduction of these emissions, ranging from 8.0–20.8% each year. Notably, the mitigation effect of biochar was particularly pronounced when N deposition was occurring, leading to an even greater reduction in N₂O emissions by 14.2–22.0% annually. This mitigation effect is attributed to biochar’s capacity to lower the nitrification and denitrification rates of soil via reducing levels of ammonium N and water-soluble organic N. Additionally, biochar decreased the abundance of critical microbial genes, including AOA<i>amoA</i>, <i>nirK</i> and <i>nirS</i>, and reduced the activity of key enzymes such as nitrate and nitrite reductase. These findings highlight the potential of straw biochar to effectively mitigate soil N₂O emissions in subtropical forests experiencing N deposition, offering important insights for supporting ecosystem sustainability under global climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Denitrification in Agricultural Soils – Integrated control and Modelling at various scales (DASIM)","authors":"Kristina Kleineidam, Jürgen Böttcher, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Michael Dannenmann, Klaus Dittert, Peter Dörsch, Sebastian Fiedler, Torsten Frosch, Balázs Grosz, Sina Henjes, Marcus A. Horn, Olaf Ippisch, Anne Jansen-Willems, Klaus Kaiser, Miriam Kempe, Jan Reent Köster, Maik Geers-Lucas, Franҫois Malique, Amanda Matson, Andreas Merian, Robert Mikutta, Carsten W. Müller, Elisabeth Ramm, Lena Rohe, Pauline Sophie Rummel, Clemens Scheer, Corinna M. Schimpf, Steffen Schlüter, Johannes Schulze, Ronny Surey, Arne Tenspolde, Hester van Dijk, Hans-Jörg Vogel, Reinhard Well, Nicole Wrage-Mönnig, Irina Yankelzon, Jan Zawallich, Christoph Müller","doi":"10.1007/s00374-025-01894-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-025-01894-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The special issue summarises and highlights key findings of the research unit DASIM funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) on the process of denitrification. Progress was made in several areas including the development of new and advanced methods to quantify N₂ fluxes such as a new ¹⁵N gas flux method, enhanced Raman spectroscopy and a new incubation system to study plant-soil interactions in He-O₂ atmosphere. Understanding of denitrification in disturbed and structured soil was gained by combining X-ray CT scanning and microbial ecology methods. High resolution models developed as part of DASIM were able to successfully simulate experimental data and provide valuable insights for the improvement of existing ecosystem models. Improved ¹⁵N tracing tools for the analysis of ¹⁵N tracing data in soil-plant systems have been developed that are extensively used by associated partners. DASIM brought together an interdisciplinary network of researchers interested in analytical but also modelling aspects. This includes close collaboration with the FAO/IAEA centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture of the United Nations which resulted in an open access book that describes the methods used in DASIM. The impact of the DASIM research unit on the scientific community is manifold and will most likely have a lasting impact on the understanding of nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}