Biology and Fertility of Soils最新文献

{"title":"Eucommia ulmoides adapts to drought stress by recruiting rhizosphere microbes to upregulate specific functions","authors":"Chunbo Dong, Yongqiang Liu, Anrui Hu, Chenglong Li, Xueqian Zhang, Qiuyu Shao, Qingsong Ran, Xu Li, Yanfeng Han","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01886-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01886-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drought stress is a key factor limiting crop growth and production. Although a variety of crops can improve their survival and drought resistance as a result of interactions with their rhizosphere microbiota, the mechanisms related to plant–rhizosphere microbiota interactions under drought stress are not fully understood, especially regarding the mechanisms in habitats with droughts. Here, the molecular mechanisms involving the <i>E. ulmoides</i> rhizosphere microbiota in response to drought stress were systematically analyzed using pot experiments, metagenomic sequencing, and assessment of plant physiological indexes. The results showed that the composition and co-occurrence patterns of the <i>E. ulmoides</i> rhizosphere microbiota were altered under drought stress, and the phylogenetic diversity of the core microbes was increased. Moreover, Betaproteobacteria and Opitutae were significantly enriched in the rhizosphere and their relative abundances were significantly correlated with the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and soluble sugar (SS) in <i>E. ulmoides</i>. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional analysis showed that two-component system, biosynthesis of amino acids, ABC transporters, and ribosome became more abundant in the rhizosphere under drought stress, and were significantly correlated with SOD and SS levels. Similarly, genes encoding Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZymes) activities that auxiliary activities and glycosyl transferases became more abundant and were significantly correlated with SOD and SS levels. In conclusion, the relative abundances of KEGG functions and CAZymes classes in the <i>E. ulmoides</i> rhizosphere microbiota were altered by enrichment of Betaproteobacteria and Opitutae, which in turn affected the host physiological indexes to improve the host’s adaptability to drought. These findings are of great significance for improving plant drought tolerance in order to increase sustainable crop production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"273 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant Growth-Promoting Yeasts (PGPYs) as a sustainable solution to mitigate salt-induced stress on zucchini plant growth","authors":"Chiara Ruspi, Debora Casagrande Pierantoni, Angela Conti, Roberto Scarponi, Laura Corte, Gianluigi Cardinali","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01885-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01885-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Among the long-term sustainable solutions to mitigate saline stress on plants, the use of plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGP) is considered very promising. While most of the efforts have been devoted to the selection and use of bacterial PGPs, little has been proposed with yeast PGP (PGPYs). In this study, three PGPY strains belonging to <i>Naganishia uzbekistanensis</i>,<i> Papiliotrema terrestris</i> and <i>Solicoccozyma phenolica</i> were employed singularly and in a consortium to mitigate salt stress of zucchini (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i>). The results demonstrated that these yeasts, when applied to salt-amended soil, mitigated the growth inhibition caused by NaCl. Among the three species, <i>N. uzbekistanensis</i> and <i>P. terrestris</i> showed the most significant improvements in plant performance, with <i>N. uzbekistanensis</i> exhibiting hormetic effects under salt stress by improving root length and dry plant biomass. In general, the root system was the most affected part of the plants due to the presence of the yeasts. The entire rhizosphere bacterial microbiota was significantly influenced by the addition of PGPYs, while the mycobiota was dominated by the introduced yeasts. Metabolomic fingerprinting using FTIR revealed modifications in hemicellulose and silica content, indicating that PGPY inoculation impacts not only the plant but also the soil and rhizosphere microorganisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host genotype‑specific plant microbiome correlates with wheat disease resistance","authors":"Chuanfa Wu, Hongwei Liu, Luyao Lai, Zhechang Mei, Peng Cai, Haoqing Zhang, Jian Yang, Jianping Chen, Tida Ge","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01884-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01884-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Disease-resistant wheat cultivars exhibited significantly lower infection rates in field conditions, associated with higher microbial diversity in key compartments such as the rhizosphere soil and phylloplane. Microbial community analysis revealed compartment-specific selection effects, with significant horizontal microbial transfers noted across plant tissues, suggesting a strong compartment-dependent selection from soil microbiomes. Further, resistant varieties were enriched of potential beneficial microbial taxa that contribute to plant health and disease resistance from seedling to adult stages. This was verified by rhizosphere microbiome transplantation experiment, where the inoculation of the rhizosphere microbiome of resistant cultivars suppressed pathogen infection and enhanced plant growth, indicating that wheat resistance to soil-borne virus disease depended on the interaction of the host with the microbial community around it. Our results also demonstrated that the microbial composition and network at the seedling stage predicted wheat health and pathogen susceptibility. Disease infection simplified the intra-kingdom networks and increased potentially beneficial taxa such as <i>Massilia</i>, <i>Bacillus</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas</i> within the microbiome. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the microbial dynamics influenced by host traits and their implications for disease resistance and plant health, offering potential strategies for agricultural biocontrol and disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and sodium selenite promotes tea seedling growth and selenium uptake by regulating the rhizosphere bacterial community","authors":"Liu Li, Lin Luo, Juan Zhan, Ali Raza, Chunying Yin","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01883-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01883-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> is a widely used plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. To investigate its role and mechanisms in selenium (Se) biofortification in crops, a pot experiment with four treatments including no application of Se fertilizer and <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> (control), <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> application (BA), Se fertilizer application (Se), and combined <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> and Se fertilizer application (BA + Se) was conducted. The results showed that, BA + Se treatment significantly increased total biomass of tea seedling compared with control, BA and Se treatments. Additionally, compared with Se treatment, BA + Se treatment significantly increased the Se concentrations in root and leaf, and Se content in the whole tea seedling by 101.4%, 34.5%, and 149.5%, respectively; BA + Se treatment also significantly increased the soil exchangeable Se and total available Se concentrations. Compared with control, BA treatment upregulated the expression level of <i>CsPHT1;2b</i>; Se treatment upregulated the expression levels of <i>CsSULTR1;1</i>, <i>CsSULTR1;2</i>, <i>CsPHT1;2a</i> and <i>CsPHT1;2b</i>; BA + Se treatment upregulated the <i>CsSULTR1;1</i> and <i>CsPHT1;2a</i> expression levels in tea seedling roots. The 16S rRNA indicated that BA and Se treatments had no effects on the diversity of rhizosphere bacterial community, but altered bacterial community composition. Soil pH was the most important environmental factor affecting rhizosphere bacterial community composition. BA + Se treatment significantly increased soil pH and the complexity of rhizosphere bacterial symbiotic network, compared with other three treatments. Furthermore, comparative analysis about rhizosphere soil properties and bacterial community composition and function between Se and BA + Se treatments, suggested that BA + Se treatment promoted soil Se availability by recruiting <i>g_Sinomonas</i> species and regulating the abundance of Se reductase in the rhizosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new modeling approach for denitrification taking internal chemical gradients into account","authors":"Johannes Schulze, Jan Zawallich, Olaf Ippisch","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01881-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01881-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper a new modeling approach for denitrification and similar processes, which depend on the geochemical gradient between the air-filled larger pores in a soil and a water-filled matrix, is presented. The new modeling approach is capable of taking soil structural properties (obtained e.g. from X-ray CT) into account without requiring a high-resolution simulation. The model approach is explained and its application is demonstrated by simulating denitrification experiments conducted with repacked soil samples to assess the challenges and possibilities of the new approach. The main result of the modeling is that the nitrous oxide emission measured in the experiment can not be explained by a limited supply with oxygen alone at a carbon turnover rate derived from carbon dioxide emissions. It is additionally necessary that the microbial activity is concentrated in localized hot spots to create anaerobic conditions. This is confirmed by analytical solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical migration of bacteria bearing antibiotic resistance genes and heavy metal resistance genes through a soil profile as affected by manure","authors":"Junwei Liang, Yurou Han, Jian Zhao, Jiangjie He, Qizhong Huang, Yimo Zhang, Jizhen Liu, Yucheng Chen, Weihong Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01878-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01878-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Untreated chicken manure causes a large amount of antibiotics and heavy metals to enter the soil environment. Currently, there is limited research on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) in soil profile. In this study, we conducted a preliminary investigation on the soil profile of vegetable field contaminated by chicken manure. The results showed that the absolute abundance of some resistance genes was higher at the 20–60 cm. Subsequently, we further analyzed the vertical migration of bacteria bearing ARGs and HMRGs through a soil profile as affected by manure using metagenomic sequencing. The findings revealed that long-term application of chicken manure significantly increased the alpha (α) diversity of the 0–20 cm soil layer ARGs and HMRGs, the plasmids relative abundance of soil profile substantially increased. Furthermore, long-term application of chicken manure changed the community composition of the 0–20 cm soil layer resistance genes, and also affected the community composition of the 20–40 cm soil layer with the increase of manure rates. Additionally, long-term application of chicken manure significantly increased the α diversity of the 0–20 cm soil layer bacteria. Structural equation modeling (SEM) further analysis revealed that bacterial relative abundance was the primary driving factor for the distribution of ARGs in vertical space, while mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were the main driving factor for HMRGs. This study strengthens our understanding of the vertical spatial distribution of soil resistance genes following long-term application of chicken manure, and also provides the basis for the management of subterranean environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142753760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of tillage practices in wheat straw decomposition and shaping the associated microbial communities in Endocalcaric– Epigleyic Cambisol soil","authors":"Arman Shamshitov, Gražina Kadžienė, Francesco Pini, Skaidrė Supronienė","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01879-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01879-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The recalcitrant nature of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) straw, one of the most abundant agricultural residues, presents challenges for efficient decomposition, limiting nutrient release and organic matter retention in soils. Understanding the effects of tillage practices on wheat straw decomposition and shaping associated microbial communities is essential for enhancing microbial-mediated breakdown and optimizing residue management to enhance soil health, nutrient cycling, and sustainability in agricultural systems. In this study, the effect of different tillage practices on wheat straw decomposition and associated bacterial and fungal community compositions during non-growing and growing seasons were studied. To simulate tillage, litter bags filled with wheat straw were placed at respective soil depths for conventional (22–24 cm) and reduced (8–10 cm) tillage, and on the surface for the no-tillage treatment. The subsets of the litter bags were randomly retrieved after 145 days and at the end of the experiment after 290 days. Statistical analysis revealed that tillage treatments significantly influenced the decomposition rate and nutrient release over time. Overall, the alpha diversity of the decomposition-associated microbial community was not substantially affected by different tillage treatments, while beta diversity exhibited distinct microbial community compositions in relation to tillage practices. The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of wheat straw decomposition-associated bacterial and fungal communities’ response to different tillage treatments, with observations made at two distinct sampling times (non-growing and growing seasons) under certain edaphic and climatic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizosphere bacteriome assemblage following initial fluctuations is delayed with nitrogen additions in tomato seedlings","authors":"Mary M. Dixon, Carley R. Rohrbaugh, Daniel K. Manter, Jorge A. Delgado, Jorge M. Vivanco","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01882-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01882-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Little is known about how seedlings sense new soil environments and how the rhizosphere bacteriome changes accordingly. It is important to elucidate these changes to better understand feedbacks that contribute to nutrient cycling and plant fitness. Here, we explored how the tomato rhizosphere bacteriome developed weekly throughout the vegetative developmental stage and with variable nitrogen (N) fertilizer additions. Bacterial communities expressing diverse functions highly fluctuated in the first and second week after planting, and these fluctuations diminished progressively after the third week. Bacteria capable of biocontrol stabilized after the fourth week, while those involved in nutrient cycling continued to change in abundance week-to-week. Thus, bacterial specialization may be concomitant with bacteriome stabilization. With N fertilizer application, bacteria with diverse functions continued to fluctuate through the fifth week. However, regardless of fertilization, bacterial communities stabilized by the sixth week. It may take two weeks for roots to select for soil bacteria to assemble a specific rhizosphere bacteriome, but when N is applied, this period extends. Subsequently, roots may select for bacteria that are already established in the rhizosphere rather than from the bulk soil. This study showcases the dynamics of rhizosphere assemblage and how this process is affected by N additions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil legacies left by a 20-year eucalypt plantation and a secondary vegetation covers on young eucalypt plants and plant-soil feedback","authors":"Ellen Aparecida Nunes, Gabrielle Henriquetto Cassiano, Adriana Parada Dias da Silveira, Sara Adrián López de Andrade","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01880-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01880-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plants can modify soil properties over time through interactions with soil microorganisms, creating a legacy that may influence subsequent plant growth. This study investigates how soil vegetation covers affect growth and nutrient uptake and phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N)use efficiencies in two eucalypt species, and the impact of new plant cultivation on soil microbial traits. Using a greenhouse microcosm experiment, we compared soils from a 20-year eucalypt plantation (Euc) and secondary vegetation (Sec) covers, cultivated for five months with <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i>, <i>E. globulus</i>, or left uncultivated. We measured plant growth, P and N concentrations, root and soil enzyme potential activities, and soil properties. Results showed that <i>E. globulus</i> plants in Euc soil had 23% higher shoot biomass production and 27% greater P uptake efficiency compared to plants in Sec soil. Both eucalypt species showed improved P and N use efficiencies in Euc soils, suggesting beneficial soil legacy effects. Furthermore, microbial traits related to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi persisted partially in Sec soils, suggesting a beneficial AM fungal legacy for new eucalypt cultivation. The potential activity of enzymes associated with soil carbon and sulfur cycles was clearly influenced by plant presence, whereas enzymes related to the P cycle maintained their potential activity regardless of plant presence, indicating a lasting soil legacy for P mineralization enzymes. The results highlight the role of plant-soil feedback in nutrient utilization and suggest that soil management strategies should consider past vegetation to enhance sustainable eucalypt production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased microbial carbon use efficiency and turnover rate drive soil organic carbon storage in old-aged forest on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Shenglan Ma, Wanze Zhu, Wenwu Wang, Xia Li, Zheliang Sheng, Wolfgang Wanek","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01877-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01877-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is widely accepted that old-aged forest can accumulate soil organic carbon (SOC). How microbial physiological traits respond to forest age and whether they drive SOC sequestration in old-aged forest remain elusive. Therefore, we compared the microbial C use efficiency (CUE), biomass turnover rate (rB), microbial biomass C (MBC) and necromass C (MNC) across soil profiles from middle and old-aged forest and evaluated how these microbial traits are related to SOC storage. The results revealed that both forests could accumulate SOC and old-aged forest supported higher SOC storage than middle-aged forest from 2005 to 2020. Moreover, SOC was concentrated on the surface soils of middle-aged forest, whereas it was more distributed across the deeper soil profile in old-aged forest. Compared with middle-aged forest, the O, A and B soil layers of old-aged forest presented increases in microbial CUE (17.8%, 36.9% and 25.0%, respectively), rB (43.7%, 39.7% and 10.8%, respectively), MBC (114.8%, 81.1% and 122.9%, respectively), and MNC content (47.0%, 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively). Random forest analysis suggested that SOC accumulation is controlled mainly by microbial physiological traits rather than other factors including environmental variables. Specifically, microbial CUE and turnover rates increased in old-aged forest, resulting in higher MBC and MNC contents, which in turn led to SOC accumulation. Moreover, the effects of plant and soil properties on SOC storage are regulated mainly by microbial-physiological parameters and the size of microbial C pools. Our findings provide valuable insights into the microbial mechanisms underlying SOC storage in old-aged forest.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}