Journal of analytical & pharmaceutical research最新文献

{"title":"Chronic smokeless tobacco consumption contributes to the development of renal diseases in the human male volunteers","authors":"N. Maddu, S. F. Begum, G. Nagajothi, K. Swarnalatha, C. Kumar","doi":"10.15406/JAPLR.2018.07.00297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JAPLR.2018.07.00297","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco is consumed mainly in two forms named as smoking tobacco and smokeless tobacco.1 The smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption is greatly prevalent in at least 70 low, middle and high income countries, consumed by more than 300 million people.2 Smokeless tobacco is ingested as chewing, sucking and through the nasal mucosa, but not smoked. Smoking bans in public places has increased, the consumption of smokeless tobacco has risen as an alternative source of cigarettes.3 Smokeless tobacco products are available in Indian market in multiple forms like khaini, gutkha, mawa, panmasala with tobacco, betel containing lime, catechu, zarda, and dry leaves of tobacco.4 Nicotine is major alkaloid and acts as drug specific present in the leaves of Nicotiana tubacum tertiary amine consists of pyridine and a pyrrolidine rings.5 The major portion of metabolism in nicotine is convert the cotinine and 3-hydroxycotinine in smoker users.6,7 Different people convert different percentage of nicotine to cotinine and metabolize cotinine differently at different rates.8 Cotinine acts as a marker of nicotine exposure and a major metabolite and its detection is performed in blood, saliva and urine samples. Smokeless tobacco products could promote the production of oxygen derived free radicals that enhance the higher rates of lipid peroxidation. Urinary malondialdehyde is one of the products of lipid peroxidation process and used as a marker of oxidative stress. The reactive nitrogen species include nitric oxide and peroxynitrites with active groups disrupts and damage the DNA and proteins in the cells.9 The adverse effects of smokeless tobacco on renal function have gained more attention. Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in blood and marked it acts as an early sign of kidney injuries.10 Oral intake of tobacco by chewing also increased the excretion as nicotine which can be absorbed from oral mucosa.11 Urinary excretion of nicotine and cotinine can be used as an index of smokeless tobacco consumption and prevalence. Urinary albumin is a sensitive marker of glomerular injury and microalbuminuria indicates renal damage induced by smokeless tobacco. The aim of the present study was to determine the excretion of nicotine and cotinine in the urine of gutkha and khaini users and their relationship with renal complications.","PeriodicalId":92063,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical & pharmaceutical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47168861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical screening, antioxidant, antifungal potentials of Acacia auriculiformis floral Scent composition","authors":"B. Samling, I. Umaru","doi":"10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00296","url":null,"abstract":"Acacia auriculiformis is a straight, medium-sized evergreen tree of the family of Mimosaceae with a height of 15-meter-tall, often multi-stemmed; young growth glaucous. Leaves alternate, simple, reduced to phyllodes (flattened leaf stalks). Flowers in loose, yelloworange spikes at leaf axils or in clusters of spikes at stem tips; flowers mimosa-like, with numerous free stamens. Fruit a flat, oblong pod, twisted at maturity, splitting to reveal flat black seeds attached by orange, string like arils.1","PeriodicalId":92063,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical & pharmaceutical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42042288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacotherapeutics of miglitol: an α-glucosidase inhibitor","authors":"A. K. Thakur, Y. Kumar, Kumar K Goyal","doi":"10.15406/JAPLR.2018.07.00292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JAPLR.2018.07.00292","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92063,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical & pharmaceutical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43691194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of SPE-LC-MS method for simultaneous determination of selected pharmaceuticals in hospital wastewater","authors":"A. Mostafa, H. Shaaban, Khaled Alasmry, Abdulaziz Alshammari, Rashid Alsuwaigh, O. Aga","doi":"10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00291","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmaceuticals are considered as one of the major groups of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). These are the contaminants that were unknown, unrecognized (not detectable) or not routinely monitored.1 The continuous introduction of these contaminants into the environment can compensate their high transformation/removal rates, thus it is not necessary for these contaminants to persist in the environment to pose negative effects.2,3 Due to their potential adverse effects on animals and humans at low levels of exposure they are receiving attention. They may pose toxic effects and alterations on the reproductive system of aquatic organisms4–6 and the promotion of the development of resistant bacterial strains representing a health risk to humans and the environment. The prevalence of pharmaceuticals such as antibiotics, steroids and hormones and their metabolites in the environment has been an area of growing concern.7–12","PeriodicalId":92063,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical & pharmaceutical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45474094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial activity of leaves and fruits extract of Tamarindus indica against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Shigella at potiskum yobe state, Nigeria","authors":"M. Abdallah, Muhammad Ali","doi":"10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00290","url":null,"abstract":"Herbs have been used as medicine since the history of man and herbal preparation have been a major component of all traditional medicine system particularly in Asia, south America and Africa.1 Nevertheless, herbal medicine was the starting point for the western medicine before the latter greatly diversified. An estimate of 75– 90% of rural population of the world still relies on herbs for their healthcare. Thus, in many village market places in Asia, Africa and Latin America, medicinal herbs are sold alone side vegetable and other wares.2 However even in the western culture where herbal medicine seemed to have been forgotten for a long time in preference to synthetic drugs, there is a rethinking and resurgence of herbal remedies. The new direction has been necessitated by high rate of resistance to antibacterial drugs.3","PeriodicalId":92063,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical & pharmaceutical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41772377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on phytochemical and pharmacological potentials of Antidesma bunius","authors":"Md Shariful Islam, Md Sharif Ahammed, Fakhrul Islam Sukorno, Sabiha Ferdowsy Koly, Md Morad Biswas, Shaikat Hossain","doi":"10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00289","url":null,"abstract":"Antidesma bunius is a genus of about 150 species distributed in Asia, Africa, Australia and Islands of pacific.1 Antidesma bunius (FamilyEuphorbiaceae), also known as bignai in the Philippines; buni or berunai in Malaya (India); wooni or hooni, in Indonesia; ma mao luang in Thailand; kho lien tu in Laos; choi moi in Vietnam; moi-kin and chunka by the aborigines in Queensland. The English names are Chinese laurel, currant tree, nigger’s cord, and salamander tree which is a native of India and other countries like Nepal, Myanmar, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Antidesma bunius has various synonyms like Stilago bunius L., Antidesma rumphii Tulasne, Antidesma dallachyanum Baillon. Antidesma bunius has various common names bignay, Chinese laurel, blackcurrant tree, salamander tree, antidesme, antidesma da China, cardoeira, buni, wuni, huni, bunch, paginga, isip, kho liên tu, baa mao ruesee, mamao dong, mao chaang, chiòi mòi.2 The Antidesma bunius is common medicinal plants in many dipterocarp forests in Thailand and widespread in the Philippines.3 There claims that the plant is common in the wild from the lower Himalayas in India, Ceylon and Southeast Asia and northern Australia. The plant is also grown in Indonesia, and cultivated in Malaya.2 The fresh fruit wine has considerably antioxidant properties.4 Wine has considerably been associated with chemo protection and cardio protection than other alcoholic beverage,5 it was hypothesized that some phenolic compounds in red wine which such as polyphenols, flavonoids and anthrocyanins play an important role in the prevention of coronary heart diseases.4 On the other hand, A. bunius contains lactic acid, acetic acid, caffeic acid and ascorbic acid have also shown a positive effect on type 2 diabetes.3,6 Roots and leaves extract have antihelminthic property and also used in the treatment of indigestion cough and stomach ache. The seeds are commonly employed as antihelminthic and said to be effective against round worms and threadworms. The barks extracts are used as antitoxins which are used in tribal areas as human herbal medication. They are also given in coughs, flatulence, intestinal colic. It is also used as pesticide. Antidesma bunius is traditionally used as sudorific and in the treatment of snakebite; decoction is used to promote perspiration in febrile condition; fruit juice of the plant is useful in the treatment of insomnia.2","PeriodicalId":92063,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical & pharmaceutical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45788967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for determination of amoxicillin residues and application to NICOMAC coating machine","authors":"H. Mem, Mohamed Ma","doi":"10.15406/JAPLR.2018.07.00287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JAPLR.2018.07.00287","url":null,"abstract":"AMO, is a semi-synthetic penicillin antibacterial drug derived from a fermentation product. Chemically, it is (2S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R)2-Amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetyl] amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylic acid trihydrate having a molecular formula of C16H19N3O5S.3H2O and its molecular weight is 419.4. AMO is a crystalline powder with white or almost white appearance. It is slightly soluble in water, very slightly soluble in ethanol (96%), practically insoluble in fatty oils. It dissolves in dilute acids and dilute solutions of alkali hydroxides.","PeriodicalId":92063,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical & pharmaceutical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44032630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contractile and electrical activities of dexchlorpheniramine on rat hearts","authors":"Loipa Galán Martínez, Gabriel Emilio Curbelo González","doi":"10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00285","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92063,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical & pharmaceutical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67072432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obtaining and application of some homoisoflavonoids","authors":"Núñez Jesús","doi":"10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00283","url":null,"abstract":"Figure 1 Structure of homoiso flavonoid. Homoisoflavonoids, derivatives of 3-benzylchrom-4-ones, are constitutionally derived from 1,2-diphenylpropane. They comprise a small family of natural polyphenolics related to flavonoids1. Homoisoflavonoids are distributed in many species of the Liliaceae family (Eucomis bicolor,1 Ophiopogon japonicas,2 Muscari racemosum,1,3 Cremastra appendiculata,4 and Veltheimia viridifolia5) and several other plant species (e.g., Dracaena cinnabari6,7 and Caesalpinia sappan8).","PeriodicalId":92063,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical & pharmaceutical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46716120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro regeneration of gamma irradiated callus of artemisia annua and evaluation of increase artemisinin content by HPLC analysis","authors":"A. Patil, P. Suryavanshi, Devan, Fulzele","doi":"10.15406/JAPLR.2018.07.00284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JAPLR.2018.07.00284","url":null,"abstract":"Artemisia annua is a aromatic annual herb also referred as sweet wormwood and called as ginghaosu which belongs to the family Asteraceae.1 According to published reports artemisinin content in A. annua vary in different parts and it has been detected in aerial parts such as leaves inflorescence, seeds and stem of plants. In leaves more artemisinin content is observed but ten fold higher is observed in flowers at full blooming stage.2,3 A. annua leaf contains peltate gland where high amount of artemisinin concentration is reported by many scientists.4 Professor You you Tu and coworker discovered artemisinin, the effective antimalerial drug in 1971 and got the nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.5 A. annua contains sesquiterpenes lactone with endoperoxide bridge (C-OC-O) which is one of the most important drug in the treatment of chloroquine-resistant and cerebral malarias.6,7 .Artemisinin and its derivatives (ARTs) are highly specific which can only be synthesized by A. annua. Other non volatile compounds which are sesquiterpene lactones origine are arteannuin B, artemisinic acid, artemisia methyl ester, artemisinol, artemisilactone, dihydroartemisinin, artesunate, artemether, and arteether. Among these, artemether and arteether get rapidly metabolized to dihydroartemisinin when enters the body and show strong anticancer activity.8 Mutational breeding involves high energy radiation such as X, β and γ-rays, which are electromagnetic radiations that initiate or inhibit the growth and differentiation of plant cells and organs.9 Gamma rays are the efficient ionizing radiations which induces high mutation in plants. They could also modify physiological characteristics of plant to create new mutants for production of high amounts of commercially important metabolites.10 Gamma rays interact with cells internal components and release free radicals. These free radicals either damage or modify the differentiation process, morphology, physiology and bioactive components depending on applied dose.11 Gamma irradiation are reported to enhanced the production of antioxidant defence enzymes and reduces ascorbic acid, total soluble protein, amino acids and sugars in callus cultures of Rosmarinus officinalis L.12 Low gamma dose gamma rays enhanced the growth of callus in Cucumis melo while higher dose reduced the growth.13The gamma irradiation significantly stimulate the shikonin biosynthesis in Lithospermum erythrorhizon cell cultures.14 Artemisinin has very poor extinction coefficient.15,16 and poor staining characteristics also its analysis from natural sources has become a challenging task. The absence of specific chromophore in the molecule makes detection more difficult.17 Artemisinin shows the UV-Visible spectra at 254nm. Detection of artemisinin can be","PeriodicalId":92063,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical & pharmaceutical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49150839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}