BMC Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Use of renin-angiotensin system blockers and posttraumatic stress disorder risk in the UK Biobank: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Sunghyuk Kang, Jimin Kim, Ji Su Yang, Ye Jin Jeon, Hyeok-Hee Lee, Shakira F Suglia, Alexander C Tsai, Jee In Kang, Sun Jae Jung","doi":"10.1186/s12916-024-03704-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12916-024-03704-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research has shown that the use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers is linked to a lower prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but longitudinal studies are scarce. We aimed to estimate the association between the use of RAS blockers and the risk of PTSD among individuals taking antihypertensive medications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal study included participants aged 40-69 from the UK Biobank. Exposure data were obtained from the initial assessment (2006-10), while outcome data were obtained from the online mental health questionnaire administered 6-11 years later (2016-17). We included participants who were under antihypertensive treatment and did not have a prior diagnosis of PTSD before the initial assessment. Use of RAS blockers was defined as self-reported regular use, at the initial assessment, of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Among participants who experienced adverse life experiences, cases of probable PTSD were defined with the six-item PTSD Checklist-Civilian version score ≥ 14. Logistic regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between RAS blocker use and the risk of probable PTSD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 15,954 participants (mean age = 59.9 years; 42.6% women) under antihypertensive treatment with no prior history of PTSD at the initial assessment, 64.5% were taking RAS blockers. After a mean follow-up of 7.5 years, 1,249 (7.8%) were newly identified with probable PTSD. RAS blocker users had a lower risk of probable PTSD than RAS blocker non-users (OR = 0.84 [95% CI: 0.75-0.94]), whereas the use of other antihypertensive medications showed no such association (users vs. non-users; calcium channel blockers, OR = 0.99 [95% CI: 0.88-1.11]; beta-blockers, 1.20 [1.08-1.34]; and thiazide-related diuretics, 1.15 [1.03-1.29]). The association between probable PTSD risk and the use of ACEi vs. ARB showed no significant difference (p = 0.96).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among individuals under antihypertensive treatment, the use of RAS blockers was associated with a decreased risk of probable PTSD. This added benefit of RAS blockers should be considered in the selection of antihypertensive medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9188,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"489"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic food consumption during pregnancy and symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders at 8 years of age in the offspring: the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).","authors":"Johanne T Instanes, Berit S Solberg, Liv G Kvalvik, Kari Klungsøyr, Maj-Britt R Posserud, Catharina A Hartman, Jan Haavik","doi":"10.1186/s12916-024-03685-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12916-024-03685-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Partially driven by public concerns about modern food production practices, organic food has gained popularity among consumers. However, the impact of organic food consumption during pregnancy on offspring health is scarcely studied. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal intake of organic food during pregnancy and symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring at 8 years of age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). The total study sample included 40,707 mother-child pairs (children born 2002-2009). Organic food consumption during pregnancy was assessed by six questions from a food frequency questionnaire in mid-pregnancy (sum score 0-18). Symptoms of ADHD and ASD in the offspring aged 8 years were measured by ADHD (0-54) and ASD (0-39) symptom scores based on the Parent/Teacher Rating Scale for Disruptive Behaviour disorders and the Social Communication Questionnaire. Associations between maternal intake of organic food during pregnancy and symptoms of ADHD and ASD in the offspring were analyzed using regression models with adjustment for covariates such as maternal anxiety and depression, including sibling analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean ADHD and ASD symptom scores in the offspring differed only slightly by maternal intake of organic food. The covariate-adjusted unstandardized regression coefficient (adjusted(Adj)beta) with 95% confidence interval for the ADHD symptom score with one unit increase in organic food sum score was 0.03 (0.01, 0.05). Similarly, Adjbeta for autism symptom score was 0.07 (0.04, 0.10). For ADHD, the adjusted estimates weakened when adjusting for maternal symptoms of ADHD. The sibling analyses showed no significant results with Adjbeta - 0.07 (- 0.15, 0.01) and - 0.001 (- 0.12, 0.12) for ADHD and ASD outcomes, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We observed weak positive associations between frequent maternal organic food consumption during pregnancy and offspring ADHD and ASD symptom levels at 8 years of age. This trend weakened or disappeared after adjusting for maternal symptoms of ADHD, and in sibling analyses, suggesting that the associations mainly reflect genetic confounding. Our study indicates that consumption of organic food during pregnancy should neither be considered a risk factor nor protective against symptoms of ADHD and ASD in offspring.</p>","PeriodicalId":9188,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"482"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11492991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of screening and treating alcohol use and depression among people living with HIV in Zimbabwe: a mathematical modeling study.","authors":"Jasmine I-Shin Su, Yao-Rui Yeo, Mellesia Jeetoo, Neo K Morojele, Joel M Francis, Sheela Shenoi, R Scott Braithwaite","doi":"10.1186/s12916-024-03674-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12916-024-03674-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) drive HIV transmission in many sub-Saharan African settings. The impact of screening and treating AUD and MDD on HIV outcomes is unknown. We aimed to identify the cost-effectiveness of AUD and MDD interventions in Zimbabwe, and their potential contribution to reaching Zimbabwe's Ending the HIV Epidemic 2030 goal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a validated HIV compartmental transmission model in Zimbabwe, we compared four policy scenarios: prevention as usual (baseline); implement AUD screening (using AUDIT) and treatment (motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral therapy); implement MDD screening (using PHQ-9) and treatment (cognitive-behavioral therapy); and implement screening and treatment for both. Outcomes were HIV incidence projections, infections averted through 2030, quality-adjusted life-years gained, cost per infection averted, and cost per QALY gained. Analyses considered \"spillover,\" when treatment for AUD also results in an improvement in MDD and the converse. Sensitivity analyses identified cost reductions necessary for AUD and MDD interventions to be as cost-effective as other HIV interventions, particularly the scale-up of long-acting PrEP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AUD and MDD combined will be responsible for 21.1% of new HIV infections in Zimbabwe by 2030. Without considering spillover, compared to the baseline, MDD intervention can reduce new infections by 5.4% at $2039/infection averted and $3186/QALY. AUD intervention can reduce new infections by 5.8%, but at $2,968/infection averted and $4753/QALY, compared to baseline. Both MDD and AUD interventions can reduce new infections by 11.1% at $2810/infection averted and $4229/QALY, compared to baseline. Considering spillover, compared to the baseline, MDD intervention can reduce new infections by 6.4% at $1714/infection averted and $2630/QALY. AUD intervention can reduce new infections by 7.4%, but at $2299/infection averted and $3560/QALY compared to baseline. Both MDD and AUD interventions can reduce new infections by 11.9% at $2247/infection averted and $3382/QALY compared to baseline. For MDD intervention to match the cost-effectiveness of scaling long-acting PrEP, the cost of MDD intervention would need to be reduced from $16.64 to $12.88 per person.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implementing AUD and MDD interventions can play an important role in HIV reduction in Zimbabwe, particularly if intervention cost can be decreased while preserving effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":9188,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"481"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11492560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing rehospitalization in cardiac patients: a randomized, controlled trial of a cardiac care management program (\"Cardiolotse\") in Germany.","authors":"Wiebke Schüttig, Harald Darius, Katrin C Reber, Marie Coors, Amelie Flothow, Alfred Holzgreve, Sebastian Karmann, Anica Stürtz, Rebecca Zöller, Saskia Kropp, Petra Riesner, Leonie Sundmacher","doi":"10.1186/s12916-024-03691-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12916-024-03691-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled, two-group parallel trial investigating the effectiveness of a care management program employing cardiac care navigators providing post-discharge support to patients compared to standard care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The intervention commenced in 2019/2020 for 2862 patients hospitalized with heart failure, coronary heart disease, or cardiac arrhythmias in departments of cardiology across eight participating sites of a hospital group in Berlin, Germany. We analyzed the results using an intention-to-treat approach. The primary outcome was the all-cause rehospitalization rate after 12 months. Secondary outcomes included rehospitalizations due to one of the qualifying cardiac diagnoses, duration of rehospitalization, mortality, health-related quality of life, and several process indicators. Trial data were collected from a combination of face-to-face and phone interviews conducted by hospital staff throughout the 12-month follow-up period using standardized questionnaires. Administrative claims data were provided by a large statutory health insurer. Outcomes for the intervention and control groups were compared using logistic regression, generalized linear models (GLMs) with a negative binomial distribution, ordinary least squares, and Cox proportional hazards regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the control group (N = 1294), the intervention group (N = 1256) had a lower rate of all-cause rehospitalizations (62.6% vs. 66.4%, p = 0.05) and shorter lengths of stay (14.49 vs. 16.89 days, p = 0.02) during the 12-month follow-up period. These differences were also present for rehospitalizations due to the cardiac diseases qualifying for study recruitment, with rehospitalization rates for the intervention and control groups being 58.0% vs. 61.4% (p = 0.08) and particularly pronounced for lengths of rehospitalization stay of 12.97 vs. 15.40 days (p = 0.01), respectively. Subgroup analyses indicated positive effects of the intervention for patients 70 years and older (p = 0.05), females (p = 0.06), and those with little or no German language proficiency (p = 0.03). Furthermore, we found positive effects on patients' adherence to health-related behavioral recommendations (81.91% vs. 73.95%, p = 0.000).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study adds to the body of evidence indicating that care management interventions supporting patients as they transition from the inpatient to the outpatient sector can lower rehospitalizations, decrease length of rehospitalization stays, and improve adherence to post-discharge recommendations.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>German Clinical Trial Register, DRKS00020424 . Registered 2020-06-18. (retrospectively registered).</p>","PeriodicalId":9188,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"480"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11492482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and efficiency of immunisation strategies to prevent RSV among infants and older adults in Germany: a modelling study.","authors":"Fabienne Krauer, Felix Guenther, Marina Treskova-Schwarzbach, Viktoria Schoenfeld, Mihaly Koltai, Mark Jit, David Hodgson, Udo Schneider, Ole Wichmann, Thomas Harder, Frank G Sandmann, Stefan Flasche","doi":"10.1186/s12916-024-03687-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03687-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recently, several novel RSV immunisation products that protect infants and older adults against RSV disease have been licensed in Europe. We estimated the effectiveness and efficiency of introducing these RSV immunisation strategies in Germany.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a Bayesian framework to fit a deterministic age-structured dynamic transmission model of RSV to sentinel surveillance and RSV-specific hospitalisation data in Germany from 2015 to 2019. The calibrated model was used to evaluate different RSV intervention strategies over 5 years: long-acting, single-dose monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in high-risk infants aged 1-5 months; long-acting mAbs in all infants aged 1-5 months; seasonal vaccination of pregnant women and one-time seasonal vaccination of older adults (75 + /65 + /55 + years). We performed sensitivity analysis on vaccine uptake, seasonal vs. year-round maternal vaccination, and the effect of under-ascertainment for older adults.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model was able to match the various RSV datasets. Replacing the current short-acting mAB for high-risk infants with long-acting mAbs prevented 1.1% of RSV-specific hospitalisations in infants per year at the same uptake. Expanding the long-acting mAB programme to all infants prevented 39.3% of infant hospitalisations per year. Maternal vaccination required a larger number to be immunised to prevent one additional hospitalisation than a long-acting mAB for the same uptake. Vaccination of adults older than 75 years at an uptake of 40% in addition to Nirsevimab in all infants prevented an additional 4.5% of all RSV hospitalisations over 5 years, with substantial uncertainty in the correction for under-ascertainment of the RSV burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Immunisation has the potential to reduce the RSV disease burden in Germany.</p>","PeriodicalId":9188,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"478"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11488180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Risk of suicide after hospitalizations due to acute physical health conditions-a cohort study of the Norwegian population.","authors":"Andreas Asheim, Sara Marie Nilsen, Ellen Rabben Svedahl, Silje L Kaspersen, Ottar Bjerkeset, Imre Janszky, Johan Håkon Bjørngaard","doi":"10.1186/s12916-024-03695-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03695-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9188,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"477"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11487775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global epidemiology of T2DM in patients with NAFLD or MAFLD: the real situation may be even more serious.","authors":"Yinglan Ji, Qikai Wang, Yong Jiang, Binghua Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12916-024-03696-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03696-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9188,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"476"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex disparities in the prevalence, incidence, and management of diabetes mellitus: an Australian retrospective primary healthcare study involving 668,891 individuals.","authors":"George Mnatzaganian, Crystal Man Ying Lee, Gill Cowen, James H Boyd, Richard J Varhol, Sean Randall, Suzanne Robinson","doi":"10.1186/s12916-024-03698-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03698-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Australia, diabetes is the fastest growing chronic condition, with prevalence trebling over the past three decades. Despite reported sex differences in diabetes outcomes, disparities in management and health targets remain unclear. This population-based retrospective study used MedicineInsight primary healthcare data to investigate sex differences in diabetes prevalence, incidence, management, and achievement of health targets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults (aged ≥ 18 years) attending 39 general practices in Western Australia were included. Diabetes incidence and prevalence were estimated by age category. Health targets assessed included body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood lipids, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA_1c) levels. Medical management of diabetes-associated conditions was also investigated. Time-to-incident diabetes was modelled using a Weibull regression. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model investigated risk-adjusted sex differences in achieving the HbA_1c health target (HbA_1c ≤ 7.0% (≤ 53 mmol/mol)).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Records of 668,891 individuals (53.4% women) were analysed. Diabetes prevalence ranged from 1.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2%-1.3%) in those aged < 50 years to 7.2% (95% CI 7.1%-7.3%) in those aged ≥ 50 years and was overall higher in men. In patients younger than 30 years, incidence was higher in women, with this reversing after the age of 50. Among patients with diabetes, BMI ≥ 35 kg/m² was more prevalent in women, whereas current and past smoking were more common in men. Women were less likely than men to achieve lipid health targets and less likely to receive prescriptions for lipid, blood pressure, or glucose-lowering agents. Men with incident diabetes were 21% less likely than women to meet the HbA1_c target. Similarly, ever recorded retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, coronary heart disease, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease and peripheral artery disease were higher in men than women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research underscores variations in diabetes epidemiology and management based on sex. Tailoring diabetes management should consider the patient's sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":9188,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"475"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Enhancing radiologist's detection: an imaging-based grading system for differentiating Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis.","authors":"Ziman Xiong, Yan Zhang, Peili Wu, Jun Chen, Yaqi Shen, Ihab Kamel, Xianying Zheng, Bing Wu, Zhen Li","doi":"10.1186/s12916-024-03703-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03703-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9188,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"474"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142485618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common pitfalls in drug target Mendelian randomization and how to avoid them.","authors":"Dipender Gill, Marie-Joe Dib, Héléne T Cronjé, Ville Karhunen, Benjamin Woolf, Eloi Gagnon, Iyas Daghlas, Michael Nyberg, Donald Drakeman, Stephen Burgess","doi":"10.1186/s12916-024-03700-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03700-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug target Mendelian randomization describes the use of genetic variants as instrumental variables for studying the effects of pharmacological agents. The paradigm can be used to inform on all aspects of drug development and has become increasingly popular over the last decade, particularly given the time- and cost-efficiency with which it can be performed even before commencing clinical studies.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>In this review, we describe the recent emergence of drug target Mendelian randomization, its common pitfalls, how best to address them, as well as potential future directions. Throughout, we offer advice based on our experiences on how to approach these types of studies, which we hope will be useful for both practitioners and those translating the findings from such work.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Drug target Mendelian randomization is nuanced and requires a combination of biological, statistical, genetic, epidemiological, clinical, and pharmaceutical expertise to be utilized to its full potential. Unfortunately, these skillsets are relatively infrequently combined in any given study.</p>","PeriodicalId":9188,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"473"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11481744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}