Brain connectivity最新文献

{"title":"Brain Topological Reorganization Associated with Visual Neglect After Stroke.","authors":"Francesco de Pasquale,&nbsp;Piero Chiacchiaretta,&nbsp;Luigi Pavone,&nbsp;Antonio Sparano,&nbsp;Paolo Capotosto,&nbsp;Giovanni Grillea,&nbsp;Giorgia Committeri,&nbsp;Antonello Baldassarre","doi":"10.1089/brain.2020.0969","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2020.0969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background/Purpose:</i></b> To identify brain hubs that are behaviorally relevant for neglect after stroke as well as to characterize their functional architecture of communication. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twenty acute right hemisphere damaged patients underwent neuropsychological and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging sessions. Spatial neglect was assessed by means of the Center of Cancellation on the Bells Cancellation Test. For each patient, resting-state functional connectivity matrices were derived by adopting a brain parcellation scheme consisting of 153 nodes. For every node, we extracted its betweenness centrality (BC) defined as the portion of all shortest paths in the connectome involving such node. Then, neglect hubs were identified as those regions showing a high correlation between their BC and neglect scores. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A first set of neglect hubs was identified in multiple systems including dorsal attention and ventral attention, default mode, and frontoparietal executive-control networks within the damaged hemisphere as well as in the posterior and anterior cingulate cortex. Such cortical regions exhibited a loss of BC and increased (i.e., less efficient) weighted shortest path length (WSPL) related to severe neglect. Conversely, a second group of neglect hubs found in visual and motor networks, in the undamaged hemisphere, exhibited a pathological increase of BC and reduction of WSPL associated with severe neglect. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The topological reorganization of the brain in neglect patients might reflect a maladaptive shift in processing spatial information from higher level associative-control systems to lower level visual and sensory-motor processing areas after a right hemisphere lesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":" ","pages":"473-486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10618825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39190483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Nondisabling Ischemic Stroke: A pCASL-Based Study.","authors":"Baogen Du,&nbsp;Shanshan Yin,&nbsp;Shanshan Cao,&nbsp;Yuting Mo,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Liu,&nbsp;Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Bensheng Qiu,&nbsp;Xingqi Wu,&nbsp;Panpan Hu,&nbsp;Kai Wang,&nbsp;Qiang Wei","doi":"10.1089/brain.2022.0088","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2022.0088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a key risk factor for vascular cognitive impairment. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the spatial coefficient of variation (sCoV) of CBF images (based on pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling) are used to explore abnormal cerebral perfusion. We aimed to probe the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in patients with nondisabling anterior circulation macrovascular disease. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study included 47 patients with ICAS or occlusion and 40 controls. All participants underwent global and individual neuropsychology assessments and magnetic resonance imaging scan. The correlations between cognitive function and abnormal perfusion were explored. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The CBF in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory of the lesion side decreased significantly, while it increased on the contralateral side. CBF value had a significant correlation with the memory function in the right cerebral artery lesion group. The sCoV in both gray matter (GM) and the ipsilateral MCA territory of the lesion increased significantly. The sCoV value based on the GM territory or MCA territory was significantly correlated with global cognitive function, memory function, and executive function in patients with ICAS. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The cognitive function of patients with severe ICAS or occlusion in anterior circulation was significantly impaired. sCoV could be a better indicator of cognitive impairment than CBF. Interventions to relieve vascular stenosis or occlusion and delay cognitive impairment or improve cognitive function should be actively considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":" ","pages":"508-518"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9854479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulation of the Premotor Cortex Enhances Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity in Association with Upper Limb Motor Recovery in Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Stroke.","authors":"Robert H Unger, Mark J Lowe, Erik B Beall, Francois Bethoux, Stephen E Jones, Andre G Machado, Ela B Plow, David A Cunningham","doi":"10.1089/brain.2022.0064","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2022.0064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the primary motor cortex is modestly effective for promoting upper-limb motor function following stroke. The premotor cortex (PMC) represents an alternative target based on its higher likelihood of survival and dense motor-network connections. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The objective of this study was to determine whether ipsilesional PMC tDCS affects motor network functional connectivity (FC) in association with reduction in motor impairment, and to determine whether this relationship is influenced by baseline motor severity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Participants with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to receive active-PMC or sham-tDCS with rehabilitation for 5 weeks. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was acquired to characterize change in FC across motor-cortical regions. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Our results indicated that moderate-to-severe participants who received active-tDCS had greater increases in PMC-to-PMC interhemispheric FC compared to those who received sham; this increase was correlated with reduction in proximal motor impairment. There was also an increase in intrahemispheric dorsal premotor cortex-primary motor cortex FC across participants regardless of severity or tDCS group assignment; this increase was correlated with a reduction in proximal motor impairment in only the mild participants. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our findings have significance for developing targeted brain stimulation approaches. While participants with milder impairments may inherently recruit viable substrates within the ipsilesional hemisphere, stimulation of PMC may enhance interhemispheric FC in association with recovery in more impaired participants. <b><i>Trial Registration:</i></b> ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01539096; Registration date: February 21, 2012.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":" ","pages":"453-463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10618814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9263260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Brain Connectivity:</i> <i>A Journal of Clinical Neurology, Neuroscience, & Neuroimaging</i> Advancing the Field of Neurology <i>Special Issue: Stroke and Vascular Cognitive Impairment</i>.","authors":"Paul Edison","doi":"10.1089/brain.2023.29055.editorial","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2023.29055.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":" ","pages":"437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41092455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Functional Networks of Alpha and Low-Beta Bands During Upper Limb Movement and Association with Motor Impairment in Chronic Stroke.","authors":"Miseon Shim,&nbsp;Ga-Young Choi,&nbsp;Nam-Jong Paik,&nbsp;Chaiyoung Lim,&nbsp;Han-Jeong Hwang,&nbsp;Won-Seok Kim","doi":"10.1089/brain.2021.0070","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2021.0070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Impaired movement after stroke is closely associated with altered brain functions, and thus the investigation on neural substrates of patients with stroke can pave a way for not only understanding the underlying mechanisms of neuropathological traits, but also providing an innovative solution for stroke rehabilitation. The objective of this study was to precisely investigate altered brain functions in terms of power spectral and brain network analyses. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Altered brain function was investigated by using electroencephalography (EEG) measured while 34 patients with chronic stroke performed movement tasks with the affected and unaffected hands. The relationships between functional brain network indices and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) scores were also investigated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A stronger low-beta event-related desynchronization was found in the contralesional hemisphere for both affected and unaffected movement tasks compared with that of the ipsilesional hemisphere. More efficient whole-brain networks (increased strength and clustering coefficient, and prolonged path length) in the low-beta frequency band were revealed when moving the unaffected hand compared with when moving the affected hand. In addition, the brain network indices of the contralesional hemisphere indicated higher efficiency and cost-effectiveness than those of the ipsilesional hemisphere in both the alpha and low-beta frequency bands. Moreover, the alpha network indices (strength, clustering coefficient, path length, and small-worldness) were significantly correlated with the FMA scores. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Efficient functional brain network indices are associated with better motor outcomes in patients with stroke and could be useful biomarkers to monitor stroke recovery during rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":" ","pages":"487-497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39190505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting-State Connectivity in Acute and Subacute Poststroke Aphasia: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Pilot Study.","authors":"Erin L Meier, Lisa D Bunker, Hana Kim, Argye E Hillis","doi":"10.1089/brain.2022.0065","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2022.0065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Understanding how brain function and language skills change during early (acute and subacute) stroke phases is critical for maximizing patient recovery, yet functional neuroimaging studies of early aphasia are scarce. In this pilot study, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate how resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) in early aphasia differs from neurologically healthy adults and is related to language deficits. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Twenty individuals with aphasia (12 acute and 8 subacute phase) and 15 healthy controls underwent rs-fNIRS imaging with a 46-channel montage centered over bilateral perisylvian language areas. FC was computed using a prewhitening, autoregressive Pearson correlation routine applied to preprocessed oxyhemoglobin (HbO) data. Connections were classified as left intra-, right intra-, or interhemispheric. We then compared rs-FC between groups by connection type and examined Spearman correlations between rs-FC averages and language measures within patients. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Participants in the acute phase had significantly reduced global rs-FC across all HbO-based connections compared to healthy controls. No significant differences were found in rs-FC between controls and patients in the subacute phase. Controlling for days since stroke, stronger right intra- and interhemispheric rs-FC was related to milder aphasia across all patients. Exploratory correlations revealed that relationships between language measures and rs-FC differed between acute and subacute patient groups. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study provides preliminary evidence that fNIRS-based rs-FC measures may be a viable metric to index the early impacts of stroke in people with aphasia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":" ","pages":"441-452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10618818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9811064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of Heterogenous Functional Connectomes Explains Variance in Callous-Unemotional Traits After Computational Lesioning of Cortical Midline and Salience Regions.","authors":"Drew E Winters, Daniel R Leopold, Joseph T Sakai, R McKell Carter","doi":"10.1089/brain.2022.0074","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2022.0074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are a youth antisocial phenotype hypothesized to be a result of differences in the integration of multiple brain systems. However, mechanistic insights into these brain systems are a continued challenge. Where prior work describes activation and connectivity, new mechanistic insights into the brain's functional connectome can be derived by removing nodes and quantifying changes in network properties (hereafter referred to as computational lesioning) to characterize connectome resilience and vulnerability. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Here, we study the resilience of connectome integration in CU traits by estimating changes in efficiency after computationally lesioning individual-level connectomes. From resting-state data of 86 participants (48% female, age 14.52 ± 1.31) drawn from the Nathan Kline institute's Rockland study, individual-level connectomes were estimated using graphical lasso. Computational lesioning was conducted both sequentially and by targeting global and local hubs. Elastic net regression was applied to determine how these changes explained variance in CU traits. Follow-up analyses characterized modeled node hubs, examined moderation, determined impact of targeting, and decoded the brain mask by comparing regions to meta-analytic maps. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Elastic net regression revealed that computational lesioning of 23 nodes, network modularity, and Tanner stage explained variance in CU traits. Hub assignment of selected hubs differed at higher CU traits. No evidence for moderation between simulated lesioning and CU traits was found. Targeting global hubs increased efficiency and targeting local hubs had no effect at higher CU traits. Identified brain mask meta-analytically associated with more emotion and cognitive terms. Although reliable patterns were found across participants, adolescent brains were heterogeneous even for those with a similar CU traits score. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Adolescent brain response to simulated lesioning revealed a pattern of connectome resiliency and vulnerability that explains variance in CU traits, which can aid prediction of youth at greater risk for higher CU traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":"13 7","pages":"410-426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10517336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10239787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threshold Selection for Brain Connectomes.","authors":"Nicholas Theis, Jonathan Rubin, Joshua Cape, Satish Iyengar, Konasale M Prasad","doi":"10.1089/brain.2022.0082","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2022.0082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Structural and functional brain connectomes represent macroscale data collected through techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Connectomes may contain noise that contributes to false-positive edges, thereby obscuring structure-function relationships and data interpretation. Thresholding procedures can be applied to reduce network density by removing low-signal edges, but there is limited consensus on appropriate selection of thresholds. This article compares existing thresholding methods and introduces a novel alternative \"objective function\" thresholding method. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The performance of thresholding approaches, based on percolation and objective functions, is assessed by (1) computing the normalized mutual information (NMI) of community structure between a known network and a simulated, perturbed networks to which various forms of thresholding have been applied, and by (2) comparing the density and the clustering coefficient (CC) between the baseline and thresholded networks. An application to empirical data is provided. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Our proposed objective function-based threshold exhibits the best performance in terms of resulting in high similarity between the underlying networks and their perturbed, thresholded counterparts, as quantified by NMI and CC analysis on the simulated functional networks. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> Existing network thresholding methods yield widely different results when graph metrics are subsequently computed. Thresholding based on the objective function maintains a set of edges such that the resulting network shares the community structure and clustering features present in the original network. This outcome provides a proof of principle that objective function thresholding could offer a useful approach to reducing the network density of functional connectivity data.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":"13 7","pages":"383-393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10517318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10227277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes of Functional Brain Network in Neonates with Different Degrees of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.","authors":"Yingying Wang,&nbsp;Yi Wang,&nbsp;Guowei Hua,&nbsp;Min Yu,&nbsp;Lu Lin,&nbsp;Lichi Zhang,&nbsp;Hongxin Li","doi":"10.1089/brain.2022.0073","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2022.0073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the main cause of neonatal death and disability worldwide. At present, there are few researches on the application of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to explore the brain development of HIE children. This study aimed to explore the changes of brain function in neonates with different degrees of HIE using rs-fMRI. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> From February 2018 to May 2020, 44 patients with HIE were recruited, including 21 mild patients and 23 moderate and severe patients. The recruited patients were scanned by conventional and functional magnetic resonance image, and the method of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and connecting edge analysis of brain network was used. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Compared with the mild group, the connections between the right supplementary motor area and the right precentral gyrus, the right lingual gyrus and the right hippocampus, the left calcarine cortex and the right amygdala, and the right pallidus and the right posterior cingulate cortex in the moderate and severe groups were reduced (<i>t</i> values were 4.04, 4.04, 4.04, 4.07, all <i>p</i> < 0.001, uncorrected). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> By analyzing the functional connection changes of brain network in infants with different degrees of HIE, the findings of the current study suggested that neonates with moderate to severe HIE lag behind those with mild HIE in emotional processing, sensory movement, cognitive function, and learning and memory. <b><i>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry registration number:</i></b> ChiCTR1800016409.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":"13 7","pages":"427-435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10290933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurobiological Dysfunctional Substrates for the Self-Medication Hypothesis in Adult Individuals with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Cocaine Use Disorder: A Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Study.","authors":"Giulia Carli,&nbsp;Marco Cavicchioli,&nbsp;Anna Lisa Martini,&nbsp;Matteo Bruscoli,&nbsp;Antonella Mafredi,&nbsp;Luca Presotto,&nbsp;Christian Mazzeo,&nbsp;Stelvio Sestini,&nbsp;Daniela Perani","doi":"10.1089/brain.2022.0076","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2022.0076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood shows high co-occurrence rates with cocaine use disorder (CoUD). The self-medication hypothesis (SMH) provides a theoretical explanation for this comorbidity. This study investigates the neurobiological mechanisms that could support SMH in adult patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with cocaine use disorder (ADHD-CoUD). <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> We included 19 ADHD<i>-</i>CoUD patients (84.2% male; age: 32.11 years [7.18]) and 16 CoUD patients (68.7% male; age: 36.63 years [8.12]). All subjects underwent a fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET) brain scan. We tested brain metabolism differences between ADHD-CoUD and CoUD patients using voxel-based and regions of interest (ROIs)-based analyses. The correlation between dependence/abstinence duration and regional brain metabolism was also assessed in the two groups. Lastly, we investigated the integrity of brain metabolic connectivity of mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic systems, and large-scale brain networks involved in ADHD and addictions. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The voxel-wise and ROIs-based approaches showed that ADHD-CoUD patients had a lower metabolism in the thalamus and increased metabolism in the amygdala and parahippocampus, bilaterally, than CoUD subjects and healthy controls (HCs). Metabolism in the thalamus negatively correlated with years of dependence in ADHD-CoUD patients. Moreover, connectivity analyses revealed that ADHD-CoUD patients had a more preserved metabolic connectivity than CoUD patients in the dopaminergic networks and large-scale networks involved in self-regulation mechanisms of attention and behaviors (i.e., anterior default mode network [ADMN], executive network [ECN], and anterior salience network [aSAN]). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We demonstrated distinct neuropathological substrates underlying substance-use behaviors in ADHD-CoUD and CoUD patients. Furthermore, we provided neurobiological evidence in support of SMH, demonstrating that ADHD-CoUD patients might experience short-term advantages of cocaine assumption (i.e., compensation of dopaminergic deficiency and related cognitive-behavioral deficits).</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":"13 7","pages":"370-382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10601718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}