Brain connectivity最新文献

{"title":"Default-Mode Network Connectivity Changes During the Progression Toward Alzheimer's Dementia: A Longitudinal Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.","authors":"Vincent Malotaux,&nbsp;Laurence Dricot,&nbsp;Lisa Quenon,&nbsp;Renaud Lhommel,&nbsp;Adrian Ivanoiu,&nbsp;Bernard Hanseeuw","doi":"10.1089/brain.2022.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/brain.2022.0008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background/Purpose:</i></b> Brain function changes with Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Evaluating those changes longitudinally is important to understand the complex relationships between brain pathologies and cognition. We aimed (1) to identify longitudinal changes in functional connectivity in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) characterized for amyloid-β (Aβ) status and (2) to relate these functional changes to clinical progression. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Forty-four patients with MCI were followed using serial functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) over 1.2 years (three sessions) and cognitive testing over 3.1 years (five sessions). Intra and inter-network connectivities were computed to assess changes in brain connectivity using a network atlas adapted for late adulthood. Sixteen low-Aβ clinically normal older adults underwent a single fMRI session for group comparisons at baseline. Linear mixed-effects models with random intercept and slope were used to predict changes in connectivity based on Aβ status and progression to dementia. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At baseline, intra and inter-network resting-state fMRI connectivities did not differ by baseline clinical diagnosis, Aβ status, or clinical progression to dementia. At the final imaging session, progressive MCI had significantly higher connectivity compared with stable MCI, specifically within the default-mode network (DMN). Longitudinally, progressive MCI had increasing intra-DMN connectivity over time compared with stable MCI, and the rate of changes in connectivity was significantly associated with the rate of cognitive decline. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Intra-DMN connectivity increases in MCI patients progressing toward dementia, suggesting aberrant synchronization in the symptomatic stages of AD. Impact statement Changes in functional connectivity occur in the course of Alzheimer's disease. We observed a progressive increase over time in resting-state functional connectivity within the default-mode network in patients with mild cognitive impairment who progressed to dementia. The rate of connectivity increase was significantly associated with the rate of cognitive decline. The observation of increased functional connectivity during the progression to dementia, and not only in the pre-clinical stage, is interpreted as an aberrant synchronization rather than a compensation mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10002762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholinesterase Inhibitors Response Might Be Related to Right Hippocampal Functional Connectivity in Mild Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Liara Rizzi,&nbsp;Thamires Naela Cardoso Magalhães,&nbsp;Natalie Lecce,&nbsp;Adriel Dos Santos Moraes,&nbsp;Raphael Fernandes Casseb,&nbsp;Camila Vieira Ligo Teixeira,&nbsp;Brunno Machado de Campos,&nbsp;Thiago Junqueira Ribeiro de Rezende,&nbsp;Leda Leme Talib,&nbsp;Orestes Vicente Forlenza,&nbsp;Fernando Cendes,&nbsp;Marcio Luiz Figueredo Balthazar","doi":"10.1089/brain.2022.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/brain.2022.0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> The response to cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) treatment is variable in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients and physicians would benefit if these drugs could be targeted at those most likely to respond in a clinical setting. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the ability of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, hippocampal volumes, and Default Mode Network functional connectivity to predict clinical response to ChEIs treatment in mild AD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We followed up on 39 mild AD patients using ChEIs at therapeutic doses. All subjects underwent clinical evaluation, neuropsychological assessment, magnetic resonance imaging examination, and CSF biomarkers quantification at the first assessment. The Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was used to measure the global cognitive status before and after the follow-up. \"Responders\" were considered as those who have remained stable or improved the MMSE score between evaluations and \"Nonresponders\" as those who have worsened the MMSE score. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regressions to predict the clinical response from each biomarker. <b><i>Results:</i></b> About 35.89% of patients were classified as \"Responders\" to ChEIs treatment after the follow-up. The multivariate model with measures of Right Hippocampus (RHIPPO), adjusted for gender and interval between assessments, was significant (odds ratio: 1.09 [95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.19], <i>p</i> = 0.0392). This model achieved an accuracy of 77.60%. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our findings suggest that the functional connectivity of RHIPPO might be an early imaging biomarker to predict clinical response to ChEIs drugs in mild AD. Impact statement The functional connectivity of the right hippocampus showed a direct relationship with the clinical response to cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) treatment in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. Transposing our findings to clinical settings could allow physicians to prescribe ChEIs for patients for whom treatment would be most beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10002755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Anatomical Pathway Models with Tractography Estimates of the Pallidothalamic, Cerebellothalamic, and Corticospinal Tracts.","authors":"Mikkel V Petersen, Cameron C McIntyre","doi":"10.1089/brain.2022.0068","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2022.0068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Models of structural connectivity in the human brain are typically simulated using tractographic approaches. However, the nonlinear fitting of anatomical pathway atlases to <i>de novo</i> subject brains represents a simpler alternative that is hypothesized to provide more anatomically realistic results. Therefore, the goal of this study was to perform a side-by-side comparison of the streamline estimates generated by either pathway atlas fits or tractographic reconstructions in the same subjects. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Our analyses focused on reconstruction of the corticospinal tract (CST), cerebellothalamic (CBT), and pallidothalamic (PT) pathways using example datasets from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). We used MRtrix3 to explore whole brain, as well as manual seed-to-target, tractography approaches. In parallel, we performed nonlinear fits of an axonal pathway atlas to each HCP dataset using Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The different methods produced notably different estimates for each pathway in each subject. The fitted atlas pathways were highly stereotyped and exhibited low variability in their streamline trajectories. Manual tractography resulted in pathway estimates that generally corresponded with the fitted atlas pathways, but with a higher degree of variability in the individual streamlines. Pathway reconstructions derived from whole-brain tractography exhibited the highest degree of variability and struggled to create anatomically realistic representations for either the CBT or PT pathways. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The speed, simplicity, reproducibility, and realism of anatomical pathway model fits makes them an appealing option for some forms of structural connectivity modeling in the human brain. Impact statement Axonal pathway modeling is an important component of deep brain stimulation (DBS) research studies that seek to identify the brain connections that are directly activated by stimulation. The corticospinal tract, cerebellothalamic (CBT), and pallidothalamic (PT) pathways are specifically relevant to the study of subthalamic DBS for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Our results suggest that anatomical pathway model fits of the CBT and PT pathways to <i>de novo</i> subject brains represent a more anatomically realistic option than tractographic approaches when studying subthalamic DBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10178936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9588823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Centrality and Modularity of Structural Covariance Networks in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Multisite ENIGMA-PGC Study.","authors":"Gopalkumar Rakesh, Mark W Logue, Emily Clarke-Rubright, Courtney C Haswell, Paul M Thompson, Michael D De Bellis, Rajendra A Morey, Delin Sun","doi":"10.1089/brain.2022.0038","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2022.0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) are established biomarkers of brain pathology in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Structural covariance networks (SCNs) are represented as graphs with brain regions as nodes and correlations between nodes as edges. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We built SCNs for PTSD and control groups using 148 CT and SA measures that were harmonized for site in <i>n</i> = 3439 subjects from Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA)-Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) PTSD. We compared centrality between PTSD and controls as well as interactions of diagnostic group with age, sex, and comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) status. We investigated associations between network modularity and diagnostic grouping. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Nodes with higher CT-based centrality in PTSD compared with controls included the left inferior frontal sulcus, left fusiform gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, and right inferior temporal gyrus. Children (<10 years) and adolescents (10-21) with PTSD showed greater centrality in frontotemporal areas compared with young (22-39) and middle-aged adults (40-59) with PTSD, who showed higher centrality in occipital areas. The PTSD diagnostic group interactions with sex and comorbid MDD showed altered centrality in occipital regions, along with greater visual network (VN) modularity in PTSD subjects compared with controls. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Structural covariance in PTSD is associated with centrality differences in occipital areas and VN modularity differences in a large well-powered sample. In the context of extensive structural covariance remodeling taking place before and during adolescence, the present findings suggest a process of cortical remodeling that commences with trauma and/or the onset of PTSD but may also predate these events. Impact statement Centrality is a graph theory measure that offers insights into a node's relationship with all other nodes in the brain. Centrality pinpoints the drivers of brain communication within networks and nodes and may be a promising target for treatments such as neuromodulation. Modularity can pinpoint modules that exist within larger networks and quantify the connections between these modules. Centrality and modularity complement functional and structural connectivity measurements within specific brain networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10325816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9761176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of 1 Hz Inhibitory and 5 Hz Excitatory Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulations in Parkinson's Disease: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.","authors":"Priyanka Bhat,&nbsp;Vinay Goyal,&nbsp;S Senthil Kumaran,&nbsp;Achal K Srivastava,&nbsp;Madhuri Behari,&nbsp;Sadanand Dwivedi","doi":"10.1089/brain.2022.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/brain.2022.0043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive disorder with alterations in cortical functional activity. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is known to incur motor benefits in PD by inducing motor activity through cortical connectivity, although the mechanisms are unclear. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) (at three cortical sites) on functional and structural plasticity were studied in PD to understand inhibitory or excitatory rTMS-induced motor improvement. <b><i>Methodology:</i></b> The study was a single blind, randomized, sham-controlled type involving three groups. Three thousand rTMS pulses of frequency 1 Hz were given at primary motor area (in 13 patients of Group A) or premotor area (in Group B, <i>n</i> = 18) and a frequency 5 Hz at supplementary motor area in Group C (<i>n</i> = 19). Clinical rating scores (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale [UPDRS], Parkinson's Disease Questionaire-39 [PDQ-39]) and motor dexterity were assessed at baseline, after sham and real rTMS sessions. Visuospatial functional magnetic resonance imaging task along with T1-weighted scans (at three Tesla) were used to evaluate the motor execution and planning post rTMS intervention. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Improvements (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in UPDRS II, III, Mobility, and activities of daily living of PDQ-39, Purdue Pegboard were observed. Increased blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activations (family-wise error [FWE]-corrected P-value [pFWE] <0.01) were observed in motor cortices, parietal association areas, and cerebellum in groups C and decrease in group A and B after real TMS as compared with sham. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Repetitive TMS at motor (1 Hz) and supplementary motor (5 Hz) areas resulted in significant clinical benefits by inducing cortical plasticity. Impact statement TMS daily protocols have been commonly employed to modulate cortical connectivity in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess rTMS-related effects in PD. Repetitive TMS protocol at higher pulses (3000/session) in primary and supplementary motor cortices administered weekly was clinically effective and safe. The results revealed functional restoration along with cortical plasticity mechanisms of externally generated movement in PD in response to noninvasive brain stimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9969564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Brain Connectivity: A Journal of Clinical Neurology, Neuroscience, & Neuroimaging Advancing the Field of Neurology</i>.","authors":"Paul Edison","doi":"10.1089/brain.2023.29048.editorial","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/brain.2023.29048.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9597700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Differences in Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity in Pediatric and Adult Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.","authors":"Elijah Agoalikum,&nbsp;Benjamin Klugah-Brown,&nbsp;Hongzhou Wu,&nbsp;Junlin Jing,&nbsp;Bharat B Biswal","doi":"10.1089/brain.2022.0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/brain.2022.0069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persistence into adulthood depends on gender, with 60% female and 35% male cases. This study sought to investigate gender differences in dynamic functional network connectivity (FNC) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of pediatric ADHD patients (female: <i>N</i> = 24; 11.02 ± 2.60 years, male: <i>N</i> = 20;11.87 ± 2.62 years) and adult ADHD patients (female = 19; 31.11 ± 10.40 years, males: <i>N</i> = 20;32.05 ± 10.10 years). We identified nine and eight networks in pediatrics and adult data, respectively, using group independent component analysis (GICA). Each age group was clustered into four states using <i>K</i>-means. Significant gender differences in the pediatric group were only found in temporal profiles, particularly in \"fraction of time\" (FOT) and \"mean dwell time\" (MDT), but not in FNC. FOT spent by the female pediatric group in state 4 showed a negative relationship with hyperactivity severity. Compared with the adult male group, reduced connectivity was observed within the visual network (VN), between the VN and default-mode network (DMN), and frontoparietal network, as well as between the DMN and cerebellum networks in female adult ADHD patients. Significant FOT and MDT differences were observed between the two groups in state 3. Our results imply gender differences in ADHD, especially in the adult group. Furthermore, given the gender differences observed, our work provides insights into the pathophysiology of ADHD subserved by gender. Impact statement Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms differ between genders; however, little has been done to determine gender differences in pediatric and adult ADHD patients. The present work presents the first gender-specific dynamic functional network connectivity study for different age groups of ADHD patients and highlights the discrepancies between male and female ADHD patients, particularly in the adult group, which may be due to the persistence of inattentive symptoms in female ADHD patients from childhood into adulthood. Given the gender differences observed in the current study, clinicians could consider treatment strategies that target each gender in each age group. The present work provides further insight into the connectivity patterns of the resting-state network in ADHD and may also serve as a basis for future sex-specific studies in different age groups in other disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9969536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European Working Group on SARS-CoV-2: Current Understanding, Unknowns, and Recommendations on the Neurological Complications of COVID-19.","authors":"Harry Crook,&nbsp;Alfredo Ramirez,&nbsp;Akram Hosseini,&nbsp;Georgios Vavougyios,&nbsp;Clara Lehmann,&nbsp;Judith Bruchfeld,&nbsp;Anja Schneider,&nbsp;Giovanni D'Avossa,&nbsp;Vincenzina Lo Re,&nbsp;Alberto Salmoiraghi,&nbsp;Elizabeta Mukaetova-Ladinska,&nbsp;Mohammad Katshu,&nbsp;Filippo M Boneschi,&nbsp;Krister Håkansson,&nbsp;Mirjam Geerlings,&nbsp;Elisabeth Pracht,&nbsp;Agustín Ruiz,&nbsp;Jacobus F A Jansen,&nbsp;Heather Snyder,&nbsp;Miia Kivipelto,&nbsp;Paul Edison","doi":"10.1089/brain.2022.0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/brain.2022.0058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> The emergence of COVID-19 was rapidly followed by infection and the deaths of millions of people across the globe. With much of the research and scientific advancement rightly focused on reducing the burden of severe and critical acute COVID-19 infection, the long-term effects endured by those who survived the acute infection has been previously overlooked. Now, an appreciation for the post-COVID-19 condition, including its neurological manifestations, is growing, although there remain many unknowns regarding the etiology and risk factors of the condition, as well as how to effectively diagnose and treat it. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Here, drawing upon the experiences and expertise of the clinicians and academics of the European working group on COVID-19, we have reviewed the current literature to provide a comprehensive overview of the neurological sequalae of the post-COVID-19 condition. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In this review, we provide a summary of the neurological symptoms associated with the post-COVID-19 condition, before discussing the possible mechanisms which may underly and manifest these symptoms. Following this, we explore the risk factors for developing neurological symptoms as a result of COVID-19 and the post-COVID-19 condition, as well as how COVID-19 infection may itself be a risk factor for the development of neurological disease in the future. Lastly, we evaluate how the post-COVID condition could be accurately diagnosed and effectively treated, including examples of the current guidelines, clinical outcomes, and tools that have been developed to aid in this process, as well as addressing the protection provided by COVID-19 vaccines against the post-COVID-19 condition. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the neurological sequalae of the post-COVID-19 condition. Impact statement With our understanding of the neurological complications of the post-COVID-19 condition currently lacking sufficient depth, this review aimed at highlighting the current knowns and unknowns of the post-COVID-19 condition. In this review, we draw upon the experiences and expertise of the clinicians and academics of the European working group on COVID-19, as well as explore the current published literature, to evaluate a range of topics associated with the neurological complications of the post-COVID-19 condition. As a result, we have provided a comprehensive review of the topic. The European Working Group on SARS-CoV-2 Many essential questions surrounding COVID-19 remain unanswered, including its neurological complications and associated sequalae. In this review, we aim at identifying the current gaps in our understanding of post-COVID-19 neurological sequalae and suggest how future studies should be undertaken to fill these gaps. This review will draw upon the current biological and mechanistic understanding of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 complications to discuss the clinically ","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9969537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relating Cognition to both Brain Structure and Function: A Systematic Review of Methods.","authors":"Marta Czime Litwińczuk, Nelson Trujillo-Barreto, Nils Muhlert, Lauren Cloutman, Anna Woollams","doi":"10.1089/brain.2022.0036","DOIUrl":"10.1089/brain.2022.0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Cognitive neuroscience explores the mechanisms of cognition by studying its structural and functional brain correlates. Many studies have combined structural and functional neuroimaging techniques to uncover the complex relationship between them. In this study, we report the first systematic review that assesses how information from structural and functional neuroimaging methods can be integrated to investigate the brain substrates of cognition. <b><i>Procedure:</i></b> Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for studies of healthy young adult populations that collected cognitive data and structural and functional neuroimaging data. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Five percent of screened studies met all inclusion criteria. Next, 50% of included studies related cognitive performance to brain structure and function without quantitative analysis of the relationship. Finally, 31% of studies formally integrated structural and functional brain data. Overall, many studies consider either structural or functional neural correlates of cognition, and of those that consider both, they have rarely been integrated. We identified four emergent approaches to the characterization of the relationship between brain structure, function, and cognition; comparative, predictive, fusion, and complementary. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> We discuss the insights provided in each approach about the relationship between brain structure and function and how it impacts cognitive performance. In addition, we discuss how authors can select approaches to suit their research questions. Impact statement The relationship between structural and functional brain networks and their relationship to cognition is a matter of current investigations. This work surveys how researchers have studied the relationship between brain structure and function and its impact on cognitive function in healthy adult populations. We review four emergent approaches of quantitative analysis of this multivariate problem; comparative, predictive, fusion, and complementary. We explain the characteristics of each approach, discuss the insights provided in each approach, and how authors can combine approaches to suit their research questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10079251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9457816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hippocampal Neuronal Integrity and Functional Connectivity Within the Default Mode Network in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Multimodal Investigation.","authors":"Marilena M DeMayo,&nbsp;Jinglei Lv,&nbsp;Shantel Duffy,&nbsp;Arkiev D'Souza,&nbsp;Loren Mowszowski,&nbsp;Sharon Naismith,&nbsp;Fernando Calamante","doi":"10.1089/brain.2022.0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/brain.2022.0050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> In older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the relationship between early changes in functional connectivity and <i>in vivo</i> changes in key neurometabolites is not known. Two established correlates of MCI diagnosis are decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in the hippocampus, indicative of decreased neuronal integrity, and changes in the default mode network (DMN) functional network. If and how these measures interrelate is yet to be established, and such understanding may provide insight into the processes underpinning observed cognitive decline. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To determine the relationship between NAA levels in the left hippocampus and functional connectivity within the DMN in an aging cohort. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In a sample of 51 participants with MCI and 30 controls, hippocampal NAA was determined using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and DMN connectivity was quantified using resting-state functional MRI. The association between hippocampal NAA and the DMN functional connectivity was tested within the MCI group and separately within the control group. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the DMN, we showed a significant inverse association between functional connectivity and hippocampal NAA in 20 specific brain connections for patients with MCI. This was despite no evidence of any associations in the healthy control group or group differences in either of these measures alone. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study suggests that decreased neuronal integrity in the hippocampus is associated with functional change within the DMN for those with MCI, in contrast to healthy older adults. These results highlight the potential of multimodal investigations to better understand the processes associated with cognitive decline. Impact statement This study measured activity within the default mode network (DMN) and quantified N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a measure of neuronal integrity, within the hippocampus in participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls. In participants with MCI, NAA levels were inversely associated with connectivity between specific regions of the DMN, a relationship not evident in healthy controls. This association was present even in the absence of group differences in DMN connectivity or NAA levels. This research illustrates the possibility of using multiple magnetic resonance modalities for more sensitive measures of early cognitive decline to identify and intervene earlier.</p>","PeriodicalId":9155,"journal":{"name":"Brain connectivity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9754485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}