Breastfeeding Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A Longitudinal Observation of Antenatal Milk Expression in Mothers of Infants with Congenital Anomalies.","authors":"Nina A Juntereal, Donna T Geddes, Eileen T Lake, Diane L Spatz","doi":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0086","DOIUrl":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> For mothers of infants with congenital anomalies, antenatal milk expression (AME), known as hand expression during late pregnancy, allows mothers to contribute to their newborn's care through colostrum collection. However, research is limited by self-report of AME adherence and colostrum volume. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study examined the ability of participants to adhere to a recommended protocol on AME for any removal and measurement of colostrum during late pregnancy. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> A prospective, longitudinal, observational design was used. Our recommended protocol involved hand expression of 5 minutes per breast for a total of 10 minutes for each AME session twice per 24 hours for any colostrum from 37 ^0/7 weeks gestation until birth. Women received AME education, completed milk logs, and attempted AME. The study team verified all colostrum volumes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Nineteen women (10 nulliparous) participated, with 13 (68%) carrying infants with major organ system defects and 6 (32%) carrying infants with congenital heart defects. Most participants (52.6%) completed more than half but fewer than all AME sessions. Seven participants (36.8%) fully adhered, completing two AME sessions daily until hospital admission. Eighteen participants (94.7%) could remove milk (80-100% of the time). The 24-hour colostrum volume (median 0.35 mL, interquartile range [IQR] 0.065-0.845) and the total colostrum volume (median 3.99 mL, IQR 1.35-6.82) from AME varied. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Among a small group of women of infants with congenital anomalies, adherence to a recommended protocol is feasible but varied by AME session frequency. Most women could collect colostrum for future infant feeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":9142,"journal":{"name":"Breastfeeding Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"901-910"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Baby Calming Training Provided to Primiparous Mothers on Maternal Role Perception, Maternal Attachment, and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Gamzegül Altay, Arzu Sarialioğlu","doi":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0247","DOIUrl":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Mothers of crying babies have difficulty adapting to their roles and problems with breastfeeding and attachment. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study aimed to assess the impact of the baby calming training provided to primiparous mothers on maternal role perception, maternal attachment, and breastfeeding self-efficacy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study was conducted in a randomized controlled experimental design between March 2023 and March 2024 in the gynecology and obstetrics services of a public hospital in northeastern Turkey (Clinical Trial Number: NCT05594836). The research was conducted with a total of 84 primiparous mothers, including 41 intervention and 43 control groups, who met the inclusion criteria. The Baby Calming Training was administered face-to-face in the intervention group, utilizing a baby swaddling blanket, a sleep companion emitting white noise, and a training booklet. The control group received routine care. Data were collected through the Mother and Baby Introductory Information Form, Semantic Difference Scale-Me as a Mother, Maternal Attachment Inventory, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form, and Infant Sleep Activity Record. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square test, independent samples <i>t</i>-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test, mixed design ANOVA analysis, Cohen's <i>d</i>, and 95% confidence interval (CI). This study adhered to CONSORT research guidelines. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Mothers in the intervention group exhibited higher mean scores on the perception of maternal role (mean ± SD: 70.37 ± 5.92, <i>t</i>: 8.590, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.347-2.375], <i>d</i>: 1.865, <i>p</i> < 0.001), maternal attachment (mean ± SD: 100.42 ± 1.52, U: 151.500, 95% CI: [0.732-0.892], <i>d</i>: 0.828, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and breastfeeding self-efficacy (mean ± SD: 64.00 ± 5.98, <i>t</i>: 8.109, 95% CI: [1.248-2.258], <i>d</i>: 1.757, <i>p</i> < 0.001) than the control group. It was determined that the total sleep time of the babies in the intervention group was higher, and the total crying duration was lower (<i>p</i> < 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The study revealed that infant soothing training for primiparous mothers enhanced maternal role perception, maternal attachment, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and extended infants' sleep duration. Furthermore, infants exhibited reduced crying.</p>","PeriodicalId":9142,"journal":{"name":"Breastfeeding Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"947-956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unique Kinetics of the Human Milk Antibody Response to JYNNEOS Vaccine for Prevention of Monkey Pox: A Case Study.","authors":"Xiaoqi Yang, Alisa Fox, Claire DeCarlo, Rebecca L R Powell","doi":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0257","DOIUrl":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> JYNNEOS is a nonreplicating modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine currently licensed to prevent monkeypox infection, and its milk immunogenicity remains unstudied. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Investigate the human milk immunogenicity of the JYNNEOS vaccine in one individual and examine the milk for evidence of vaccine components. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Immunogenicity of milk and plasma samples were tested by Luminex assays against Vaccinia antigens, and vaccine components were tested using PCR and sandwich ELISA. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Plasma antibody (Ab) response increased up to 3.7-fold in immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer and 1.4-fold in IgA compared with baseline, confirming vaccine immunogenicity in this participant 2 weeks post dose 2. Specific plasma IgG remained 1.2- to 1.7-fold above baseline 12 weeks post dose 2, while IgA returned to baseline levels. Notably, the milk response exhibited unique kinetics, particularly for IgA. Milk IgA against all three antigens increased 0.9- to 2.2-fold 2 weeks post dose 2, reaching a peak titer increase of 1.1- to 2.7-fold at 12 weeks post dose 2. Secretory (s) Ab levels increased to 1.1- to 2-fold at 2 weeks post dose 2 and reached a peak of 2- to 3.2-fold increase at the 12-week time point. Importantly, IgA and sAb responses in milk exhibited correlation, suggesting most milk IgA was sIgA. Notably, no vaccine components (VACV protein or DNA) were detected in the milk samples. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These data suggest that the milk Ab response to this intradermal (ID) VACV-based vaccine is distinct from that observed systemically, indicating a unique mucosal immune response and highlighting its potential to elicit protective long-lasting sIgA. This case report provides strong evidence for inclusion of this vaccine platform in future studies of maternal vaccines aimed to elicit a protective milk Ab response.</p>","PeriodicalId":9142,"journal":{"name":"Breastfeeding Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"974-979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Gender-Identity Inclusive Language Used in U.S. Hospital Breastfeeding Education Materials.","authors":"Aria Grabowski, Sophie Branham, Olivia S Anderson","doi":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0166","DOIUrl":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To assess the use of gender-identity inclusive language in breastfeeding education materials publicly available on U.S. Hospital websites. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Hospitals were identified through the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists website. Breastfeeding education materials were searched online at each hospital. The first breastfeeding material on each website was used for our evaluation. Gender-identity inclusive versus traditional sexed language terms were curated <i>a priori</i> by referencing the National Institutes of Health and American Psychological Associations' guidelines. Education materials were categorized into: (1) \"gender-identity inclusive language,\" (2) \"mix of inclusive and traditional sexed language,\" or (3) \"traditional sexed language.\" Frequencies of the type of language and specific gender-related terms were calculated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In total, <i>n</i> = 112 hospitals with publicly available breastfeeding education materials were included. Most hospitals used both traditional sexed and inclusive language (69%, <i>n</i> = 77), followed by only traditional language (31%, <i>n</i> = 35). None of the hospitals used solely gender-identity inclusive language. One hospital provided material \"intended for LGBTQI+\" populations. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Education materials provided by hospitals for breastfeeding do not utilize gender-identity inclusive language As such, there remains uncertainty and hesitancy on how to provide appropriate breastfeeding education for all persons who identify as transgender and/or non-binary, yet choose or are able to breastfeed. Further research in this area could ascertain the impacts of using gender-identity inclusive language in breastfeeding education materials for the general, transgender, or non-binary populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9142,"journal":{"name":"Breastfeeding Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"969-973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fear of Childbirth Impairs Breastfeeding Success Independent of Mode of Birth.","authors":"Maija Vasanen, Anni Kukkonen, Katri Backman, Sari Hantunen, Leea Keski-Nisula","doi":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0024","DOIUrl":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> The good qualities of breastfeeding are well known. The aim of this study was to closely examine the impact of specific maternal, prenatal, obstetric, and early neonatal factors on the success of breastfeeding. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> We used data from the Kuopio Birth Cohort study and analyzed 2,521 online questionnaires, which were answered by women 1 year after giving birth. Breastfeeding variables were divided into successful breastfeeding (breastfeeding exclusively with one's own breast milk ≥4 months or breastfeeding with formula ≥6 months) and poor breastfeeding (breastfeeding exclusively with one's own milk <4 months and duration of all breastfeeding <6 months) for univariate and multivariable analyses. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In this study, 97.8% (<i>N</i> = 2,466) reported breastfeeding their newborns for ≥1 postnatal week, and 75.2% (<i>N</i> = 1,896) breastfed newborns for ≥6 months. The rate of breastfeeding for ≥6 months increased from 71.3% to 84.7% between 2013 and 2020. In the multivariable analysis, poor breastfeeding success was associated most significantly with smoking during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.75-7.81), twin pregnancy (aOR 4.13; 95% CI: 2.10-8.15), maternal obesity (body mass index > 35) (aOR 3.27; 95% CI: 2.15-4.99), fear of childbirth (aOR 2.80; 95% CI: 1.89-4.13), and birth during the period of 2013-2014 (aOR 2.94; 95% CI: 2.08-4.14) or 2015-2016 (aOR 2.62; 95% CI: 1.85-3.70). Other significant factors related to poor success were younger maternal age, nonmarried family relationships, passive or quitting smoking before or in the first trimester, any hypertensive disorder during pregnancy, birth by nonelective cesarean, and lowest or highest quartiles of birth weight. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Mother's fear of childbirth is strongly associated with the poor breastfeeding success even after controlling for mode of birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":9142,"journal":{"name":"Breastfeeding Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"932-940"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration by Migration History in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.","authors":"Kaitlyn K Stanhope, Krista M Perreira, Carmen R Isasi, Madison N LeCroy, Martha L Daviglus, Franklyn Gonzalez, Linda C Gallo, Clarisa Medina Poelinz, Shakira F Suglia","doi":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0162","DOIUrl":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> To estimate differences in breastfeeding initiation and duration across dimensions of migration history (migration to the U.S. 50 states/District of Columbia [DC] in childhood, adulthood, or not at all) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We used data from HCHS/SOL on 520 individuals with a post-baseline live birth and information on breastfeeding collected at Visit 2 (2014-2017). We fit log binomial models adjusted for parity, age at pregnancy, education, income, and immigration history and incorporating sampling weights. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, 84% of participants reported initiating breastfeeding and 30% reported breastfeeding for 6 or more months. On average, individuals reported breastfeeding for a median of 88 days (interquartile range: 156). Compared with those born in the U.S. 50 states/DC, individuals born in another country or U.S. territory who arrived in the U.S. 50 states/DC as children (<18 years old) were 2.7 times more likely to initiate breastfeeding (adjusted prevalence ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4, 4.9) and those who arrived as adults were 2 times more likely to initiate breastfeeding (adjusted prevalence ratio 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.6). We observed similar patterns for breastfeeding continuation. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The timing and duration of life course experiences such as migration are key determinants of breastfeeding behavior among Hispanic/Latina postpartum persons.</p>","PeriodicalId":9142,"journal":{"name":"Breastfeeding Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"957-963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding and Children's Cognitive Development up to the Age of 4 Years: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.","authors":"Toshie Nishigori, Hidekazu Nishigori, Taeko Suzuki, Toma Fukuda, Tsuyoshi Murata, Hyo Kyozuka, Akiko Sato, Yuka Ogata, Yuichi Nagasaka, Seiji Yasumura, Keiya Fujimori, Mitsuaki Hosoya, Koichi Hashimoto","doi":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0195","DOIUrl":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> Breastfeeding, depending on its duration, has been suggested to benefit children's cognitive development. We aimed to examine this issue by using the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a nationwide prospective birth cohort study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We evaluated the relationship between feeding methods and cognitive development in 2- and 4-year-old children. We classified the children based on the following feeding method during the first 6 months postpartum: (1) exclusive breastfeeding group, solely breastfeeding; (2) partial breastfeeding group, solely breastfeeding for ≤5 months and combination of breastfeeding/formula for the rest of months; (3) formula-fed group, solely formula feeding for ≥4 months; and (4) others. Cognitive development was assessed by trained testers using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Data on 1,329 boys and 1,398 girls were analyzed. Multiple regression analysis was performed using the exclusive breastfeeding group as the reference. Boys of age 2 years in the formula-fed group had significantly lower developmental quotients (DQs) in the language-social developmental (L-S) area (partial regression coefficient [B]: -4.624, <i>p</i> = 0.01), whereas no significant difference was observed in those of age 4 years. Girls of age 2 and 4 years in the formula-fed group had significantly lower L-S area DQ (B: -3.637, <i>p</i> = 0.03 and B: -3.414, <i>p</i> = 0.03, respectively). In the partial breastfeeding group, no significant differences in the L-S area DQ were observed in 2- and 4-year-old boys and girls. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months postpartum may be more beneficial for verbal cognitive development in 4-year-old girls than solely formula feeding for ≥4 months. Furthermore, breastfeeding combined with formula for the first 6 months postpartum may not have a disadvantage on cognitive development in boys and girls of age ≥ 2 years, when compared with that observed with exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months postpartum.</p>","PeriodicalId":9142,"journal":{"name":"Breastfeeding Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"911-923"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building a Cathedral….","authors":"Elien Rouw","doi":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0345","DOIUrl":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0345","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9142,"journal":{"name":"Breastfeeding Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"980-981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142614736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Migration and Breastfeeding Practices.","authors":"Arthur I Eidelman","doi":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0346","DOIUrl":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0346","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9142,"journal":{"name":"Breastfeeding Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"899-900"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142614738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding Behaviors by Race/Ethnicity and Foreign-Born Status in the United States: An Analysis of the U.S. National Survey of Children's Health.","authors":"Angela G Campbell, Saman Naz, Armando Peña","doi":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0271","DOIUrl":"10.1089/bfm.2024.0271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> The foreign-born population is growing in the United States, but no nationally representative statistics of breastfeeding behavior disaggregated by race/ethnicity and foreign-born status have been published in recent years. This study examines breastfeeding initiation, any breastfeeding, and exclusive breastfeeding at 3 and 6 months among foreign-born and U.S.-born Non-Hispanic (NH) Black, NH White, and Hispanic women in the United States. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a cross-sectional study utilizing years 2021 and 2022 of the National Survey of Children's Health. Sample children identified as NH White, NH Black, and Hispanic who were 6 months to 5 years old and residing with their biological or adoptive mother were included (<i>n</i> = 27,818). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Foreign-born women in all racial/ethnic groups (NH Black, NH White, and Hispanic) had significantly higher odds of any breastfeeding at 6 months relative to U.S.-born NH White women. However, they did not have significantly different odds of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months relative to U.S.-born NH White women. U.S.-born Hispanic women had rates of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months (23.2%) that were much closer to U.S.-born NH Black women (23.4%) than to foreign-born Hispanic women (29.4%) or U.S.-born White women (32.1%). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The large percentage of foreign-born women who reported some breastfeeding at 6 months indicates a strong commitment to breastfeeding and may be a leverage point for future exclusive breastfeeding interventions among this group. U.S.-born Hispanic women appear to be struggling with exclusive breastfeeding and may need additional interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9142,"journal":{"name":"Breastfeeding Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"870-880"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}