Biomedical Research-tokyo最新文献

{"title":"Double layer coating system to prevent toxic reactions of titanium dioxide from the corrosion of dental implant fixtures","authors":"B. Goo","doi":"10.35841/0970-938X.32.5.111-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/0970-938X.32.5.111-117","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Titanium dioxide has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a Group 2B carcinogen. As indispensable material for dental implant fixture, dental patients are exposed to its toxicological reactions. Objectives: The primary aim of this research is to prevent making nanoparticle titanium dioxide from the corrosion of dental implant fixture. Methods: The authors introduce double layer coating system for controlling corrosional toxicity of TiO2 from the surface of two dental implant fixtures by medronic acid and teriparatide acetate. Results: The first layer coated with medronic acid will generate phosphate bridges, functioning as a corrosionresistant sheath layer, and will be the only connector to Forteo (Teriparatide Acetate). The second layer encloses the essential elements of teriparatide like C, N, O and H with saving the functional radicals like CNO-, C2H3O-, CHO2-, C3H3O-, C2H3O2-,for and it will stimulate the coated implant fixture with PTH receptors, osteoblasts, and osteogenesis. The first layer covers Ti-O-P, acting as a titanium grade 4 antioxidant. Conclusion: The top surface ions in the second layer of the fixture have pharmaceutically functioning parts of the chemical structure of Teriparatide (C181H291N55O51S2) activating osteoblasts more than osteoclast, which leads to an overall increase in bone. Though the recommended duration of use for grade 4 implant fixtures is 3 years, but these new coated fixtures are expected to use the coated fixtures longer than 3 years by containing the stimulating effect of new alveolar bone formation by increasing the mineral density of the alveolar bone around the fixture besides preventing corrosional toxicity of the surface of pre-existing titanium fixtures.","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81715198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteogenesis of Human Embryonic Stem Cell","authors":"S. Ahmed","doi":"10.35841/0970-938X.S34-S35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/0970-938X.S34-S35","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous cell types including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells are load delicate and are exposed to day by day mechanical stacking in-vivo. Thick connective tissues like ligament and tendon are extended every now and again through muscle compression brought about by development though bone is under unique stacking to oppose and adjust to the accomplished powers by keeping up homoeostasis through tissue redesigning. The vast majority of the powers applied in-vivo are dynamic and cyclic which implies frequently the tissue is under stacking and resting cycles. For instance femur and tibia go through cyclic pressure and elastic powers during motion. In this manner, it is conceivable that cells react more to cyclic stacking rather than consistent stacking. Consistent stacking may expand the danger of the cells being over-burden and getting inert to the applied burden. A vital zone of exploration in tissue designing is worried about finding the responses to how mechanical stacking moves to the cells, how cells sense mechanical powers and how and when cells react to the applied outer boosts. Both 2D and 3D societies have been utilized to apply mechanical stacking onto cells, albeit 2D examinations, for example, gelatine covered plastic and glass are to some degree restricted since they don't precisely copy the intricate 3D in-vivo engineering. Hence, these surfaces don't satisfy the vital necessities for culture and recovery of utilitarian tissues. Accordingly, 3D in-vitro models may give all the more physiologically pertinent conditions to mechanotransduction contemplates.","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79244436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of prehypertension and its association with obesity and lipid parameters in medical students.","authors":"Sasmita Mishra, D. Saravanan, M. Manju, R. SuryaPriya","doi":"10.35841/0970-938X.32.2.52-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/0970-938X.32.2.52-57","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medical field is said to be associated with a lot of stress, both mental and physical. And medical students suffer more because during their training period they undergo a lot of stress in the form of little physical activity, altered food habits and social habits like smoking and alcohol. For this reason we decided to conduct this study amongst the medical students. Objective: Our objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of prehypertension among Medical college students and study the association between prehypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors like lipid profile and Body Mass Index (BMI). Methods: A total of 300 medical students of first to final year MBBS (18-23 years) were selected randomly for this study. Each participant’s data was collected, BMI calculated. BP was measured by a mercury sphygmomanometer. Subjects were classified as 3 groups Normotensive, Hypertensive and Prehyperensive. Blood samples were collected and Fasting plasma glucose, serum cholesterol, triglyceride and HDLc, were estimated by using commercially available kits in automated analyzer. Serum LDLc, and VLDLc (Very Low Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol) were calculated by Friedwald's equation. All the data were analysed by using SPSS software. Results: The overall prevalence of PHT was 38%. Prevalence of prehypertension is more in females. Among the students 75% had normal BMI, 20% were overweight, 3% were obese and 2% were underweight. BMI of Prehypertensive was significantly more than the normotensive students. BMI of female students are more than the male students. Among the lipid parameters, prehypertensives showed significant increase in TC, TG, LDLc than normotensive students. TC, TG, LDLc were high for female students than male students. Total prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 17.4% out of which 14.9% was hypercholesterolemia, 8.15% was hypertriglyceridaemia, 5.6% had high LDLc level and 10.4% had low HDLc level. There was a significant positive correlation between SBP with BMI, TG, TCh and VLDLc and significant positive correlation between DBP with TG and LDLc. There is negative correlation of SBP and DBP with HDLc. This might point out the contributory role of dyslipidemia and obesity towards prehypertention. Conclusion: Prevalence of prehypertension was high and associated with a higher BMI and dyslipidemia .Prevalence of dyslipidemia is 17.4%. Hypercholesterolemia is more prevalent. Students should change their life style. They should do yoga, meditation regularly to cope with stress. They should avoid oily foods to decrease cholesterol level.","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83160690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of serum lipid profile in adult female smokers in Erbil city, Kurdistan region of Iraq","authors":"Rundk Hwaiz, R. T. Yaseen, T. Faraj, Abdulrahman Jawad, H. Hama, M. A. Hamid","doi":"10.35841/0970-938X.32.1.29-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/0970-938X.32.1.29-31","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are few studies demonstrated the association between smoking and lipid profile in female adult smokers. Materials and Methods: This study conducted to determine and compare the serum lipid profile of female adult smokers with non-female smokers, known as controls. In 180 female subjects, the level of serum lipid profile measured. Results: Of these, 110 were smokers and 70 non-smokers (control) aged between 25 and 50 years. The study involved only smokers who had smoked for more than 5 years. Our result revealed that mean serum of total cholesterol (275.2 ± 32.6 mg/dl), triacylglycerol (188.4 ± 56.42 mg/dl), very low density lipoprotein (36.6 ± 14.2 mg/dl), low density lipoprotein (133.21 ± 9.81 mg/dl) were significantly higher in female smokers as compared to non-female smokers with mean of serum total cholesterol (172.3 ± 18.6 mg/dl), very low density lipoprotein (21.8 ± 9.6 mg/dl), triglyceride (108 ± 8.84 mg/dl), low density lipoprotein (94.54 ± 8.5 mg/dl). However, the mean of serum value for high density lipoprotein cholesterol in chronic female smokers was lower (44.6 ± 4.6 mg/dl) than in non-female smokers (55.3 ± 8.2 mg/dl). Conclusion: This study indicated that smoking cigarettes in female cause’s dyslipidemia, resulting in increased risk of cardiovascular disease among smokers.","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87371339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analgesic effect of voluntary exercise in a rat model of persistent pain via suppression of microglial activation in the spinal cord.","authors":"Risa Takahara-Yamauchi,&nbsp;Hideshi Ikemoto,&nbsp;Takayuki Okumo,&nbsp;Fatma Zahra Sakhri,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Horikawa,&nbsp;Akiou Nakamura,&nbsp;Satoshi Sakaue,&nbsp;Mami Kato,&nbsp;Naoki Adachi,&nbsp;Masataka Sunagawa","doi":"10.2220/biomedres.42.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2220/biomedres.42.67","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we employed a rodent model for persistent allodynia and hyperalgesia to determine whether voluntary exercise could exert analgesic effects on these pain symptoms. Rats were subcutaneously injected with formalin into the plantar surface of the right hind paw to induce mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia. We assessed the analgesic effects of a voluntary wheel running (VWR) using the von Frey test and investigated microglial proliferation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. We also determined the effect of formalin and VWR on the protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its receptor TrkB, and K⁺-Cl^- cotransporter 2 (KCC2), which play a key role in inducing allodynia and hyperalgesia. Rats with access to the running wheels showed beneficial effects on persistent formalin-induced mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia. The effects of VWR were elicited through the suppression of formalin-induced microglial proliferation, TrkB up-regulation, and KCC2 down-regulation in the spinal cord. BDNF, however, might not contribute to the beneficial effects of VWR. Our results show an analgesic effect of voluntary physical exercise in a rodent model with persistent pain, possibly through the regulation of microglial proliferation and TrkB and KCC2 expression in the spinal cord.</p>","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25579581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deletion of the lysyl oxidase-like 1 gene induces impaired elastin fiber synthesis and inefficient urethral closure in rats.","authors":"Katsumi Kadekawa,&nbsp;Saori Nishijima,&nbsp;Katsuhiko Noguchi,&nbsp;Shiho Okitsu,&nbsp;Kennosuke Karube,&nbsp;Seiji Matsumoto,&nbsp;Hideyuki Yamamoto,&nbsp;Kimio Sugaya","doi":"10.2220/biomedres.42.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2220/biomedres.42.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the bladder and urethral function in a rat model lacking the protein lysyl oxidase-like 1 (Loxl1). Female nulliparous rats of Loxl1^-/- or age-matched wild type (WT) rats had leak-point pressure testing, cystometry, histopathological analyses of lower urinary tract, and contractile response of isolated detrusor strips to carbachol and electric field stimulation. The Loxl1^-/- rats showed increased looseness and redundancy of the skin, the decreased intercontraction interval and voided volume in cystometry, the lower leak-point pressure, thinner elastic fibers of the mesentery, bladder, urethra and vagina, and smaller contractile response of detrusor strips to carbachol when compared to the WT rats. Thus, the insufficient hydrostatic mechanism of urethra via submucosal impaired elastin synthesis might reduce the resting urethral closure pressure and the diminished cholinergic contractile response of detrusor smooth muscle might be involved in bladder activity in the Loxl1^-/- rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25353634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CLN6's luminal tail-mediated functional interference between CLN6 mutants as a novel pathomechanism for the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses.","authors":"Yuki Shiro,&nbsp;Arisa Yamashita,&nbsp;Kana Watanabe,&nbsp;Tetsuo Yamazaki","doi":"10.2220/biomedres.42.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2220/biomedres.42.129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CLN6 (Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, Neuronal, 6) is a 311-amino acid protein spanning the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Mutations in CLN6 are linked to CLN6 disease, a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder categorized into the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. CLN6 disease is an autosomal recessive disorder and individuals affected with this disease have two identical (homozygous) or two distinct (compound heterozygous) CLN6 mutant alleles. Little has been known about CLN6's physiological roles and the disease mechanism. We recently found that CLN6 prevents protein aggregate formation, pointing to impaired CLN6's anti-aggregate activity as a cause for the disease. To comprehensively understand the pathomechanism, overall anti-aggregate activity derived from two different CLN6 mutants needs to be investigated, considering patients compound heterozygous for CLN6 alleles. We focused on mutant combinations involving the S132CfsX18 (132fsX) prematurely terminated protein, produced from the most frequent mutation in CLN6. The 132fsX mutant nullified anti-aggregate activity of the P299L CLN6 missense mutant but not of wild-type CLN6. Wild-type CLN6's resistance to the 132fsX mutant was abolished by replacement of amino acids 297-301, including Pro297 and Pro299, with five alanine residues. Given that removal of CLN6's C-terminal fifteen amino acids 297-311 (luminal tail) did not affect the resistance, we suggested that CLN6's luminal tail, when unleashed from Pro297/299-mediated conformational constraints, is improperly positioned by the 132fsX mutant, thereby blocking the induction of anti- aggregate activity. We here reveal a novel mechanism for dissipating CLN6 mutants' residual functions, providing an explanation for the compound heterozygosity-driven pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39301594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mathematical model of kinetochore-microtubule attachment regulated by Aurora A activity gradient describes chromosome oscillation and correction of erroneous attachments.","authors":"Manuel Alejandro Campos Medina,&nbsp;Kenji Iemura,&nbsp;Akatsuki Kimura,&nbsp;Kozo Tanaka","doi":"10.2220/biomedres.42.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2220/biomedres.42.203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chromosome oscillation during metaphase is attenuated in cancer cell lines, concomitant with the reduction of Aurora A activity on kinetochores, which results in reduced mitotic fidelity. To verify the correlation between Aurora A activity, chromosome oscillation, and error correction efficiency, we developed a mathematical model of kinetochore-microtubule dynamics, based on stochastic attachment/detachment events regulated by Aurora A activity gradient centered at spindle poles. The model accurately reproduced the oscillatory movements of chromosomes, which were suppressed not only when Aurora A activity was inhibited, but also when it was upregulated, mimicking the situation in cancer cells. Our simulation also predicted efficient correction of erroneous attachments through chromosome oscillation, which was hampered by both inhibition and upregulation of Aurora A activity. Our model provides a framework to understand the physiological role of chromosome oscillation in the correction of erroneous attachments that is intrinsically related to Aurora A activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39434001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histochemical characteristics on minimodeling-based bone formation induced by anabolic drugs for osteoporotic treatment.","authors":"Tomomaya Yamamoto,&nbsp;Tomoka Hasegawa,&nbsp;Paulo Henrique Luiz de Fraitas,&nbsp;Hiromi Hongo,&nbsp;Shen Zhao,&nbsp;Tsuneyuki Yamamoto,&nbsp;Alireza Nasoori,&nbsp;Miki Abe,&nbsp;Haruhi Maruoka,&nbsp;Keisuke Kubota,&nbsp;Yasuhito Morimoto,&nbsp;Mai Haraguchi,&nbsp;Tomohiro Shimizu,&nbsp;Masahiko Takahata,&nbsp;Norimasa Iwasaki,&nbsp;Minqi Li,&nbsp;Norio Amizuka","doi":"10.2220/biomedres.42.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2220/biomedres.42.161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modeling, the changes of bone size and shape, often takes place at the developmental stages, whereas bone remodeling-replacing old bone with new bone-predominantly occurs in adults. Unlike bone remodeling, bone formation induced by modeling i.e., minimodeling (microscopic modeling in cancellous bone) is independent of osteoclastic bone resorption. Although recently-developed drugs for osteoporotic treatment could induce minimodeling-based bone formation in addition to remodeling-based bone formation, few reports have demonstrated the histological aspects of minimodeling-based bone formation. After administration of eldecalcitol or romosozumab, unlike teriparatide treatment, mature osteoblasts formed new bone by minimodeling, without developing thick preosteoblastic layers. The histological characteristics of minimodeling-based bone formation is quite different from remodeling, as it is not related to osteoclastic bone resorption, resulting in convex-shaped new bone and smooth cement lines called arrest lines. In this review, we will show histological properties of minimodeling-based bone formation by osteoporotic drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39434573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpressed exocyst complex component 3-like 1 spontaneously induces apoptosis.","authors":"Shunichi Matsumoto,&nbsp;Junichi Okada,&nbsp;Eijiro Yamada,&nbsp;Tsugumichi Saito,&nbsp;Kazuya Okada,&nbsp;Takuya Watanabe,&nbsp;Yasuyo Nakajima,&nbsp;Atsushi Ozawa,&nbsp;Shuichi Okada,&nbsp;Masanobu Yamada","doi":"10.2220/biomedres.42.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2220/biomedres.42.109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exocyst complex component 3-like 1 (EXOC3L1), which regulates insulin secretion, is ubiquitously present in heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, cerebellum, pituitary, adrenal grand, and pancreatic islets. Its deduced amino acid sequence has 31% identity and 53% similarity with Sec6, so they are considered isoforms. Since Sec6 suppresses apoptosis via HSP27, we investigated the involvement of EXOC3L1 expression in apoptosis. We found that overexpressed EXOC3L1 in Chinese hamster ovary cells significantly reduced cultured cell numbers. It also significantly increased apoptotic DNA ladder, caspase 3 activity, and cleavage of caspase 3 compared with the control. Thus, although Sec6 reduces apoptosis by increasing HSP27 phosphorylation, overexpressed EXOC3L1 alone can spontaneously induce apoptosis without apoptotic stimulators or inducers.</p>","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39082693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}