Double layer coating system to prevent toxic reactions of titanium dioxide from the corrosion of dental implant fixtures

Abstract

Introduction: Titanium dioxide has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a Group 2B carcinogen. As indispensable material for dental implant fixture, dental patients are exposed to its toxicological reactions. Objectives: The primary aim of this research is to prevent making nanoparticle titanium dioxide from the corrosion of dental implant fixture. Methods: The authors introduce double layer coating system for controlling corrosional toxicity of TiO2 from the surface of two dental implant fixtures by medronic acid and teriparatide acetate. Results: The first layer coated with medronic acid will generate phosphate bridges, functioning as a corrosionresistant sheath layer, and will be the only connector to Forteo (Teriparatide Acetate). The second layer encloses the essential elements of teriparatide like C, N, O and H with saving the functional radicals like CNO-, C2H3O-, CHO2-, C3H3O-, C2H3O2-,for and it will stimulate the coated implant fixture with PTH receptors, osteoblasts, and osteogenesis. The first layer covers Ti-O-P, acting as a titanium grade 4 antioxidant. Conclusion: The top surface ions in the second layer of the fixture have pharmaceutically functioning parts of the chemical structure of Teriparatide (C181H291N55O51S2) activating osteoblasts more than osteoclast, which leads to an overall increase in bone. Though the recommended duration of use for grade 4 implant fixtures is 3 years, but these new coated fixtures are expected to use the coated fixtures longer than 3 years by containing the stimulating effect of new alveolar bone formation by increasing the mineral density of the alveolar bone around the fixture besides preventing corrosional toxicity of the surface of pre-existing titanium fixtures.