BMC Cancer最新文献

{"title":"DECIDER-2: Prospective randomized multicenter phase III trial of decitabine and venetoclax administered in combination with all-trans retinoic acid or placebo in patients with acute myeloid leukemia who are ineligible for induction chemotherapy.","authors":"Olga Grishina, Claudia Schmoor, Caroline Sellner, Björn Hackanson, Jan-Henrik Mikesch, Iordanis Deligiannis, Felicitas Thol, Martina Crysandt, Christian Junghanss, Volker Runde, Paul La Rosée, Lino Lars Teichmann, Haifa Kathrin Al-Ali, Tim Sauer, Ulrich Germing, Frank Griesinger, Stefan Lukic, Jürgen Krauter, Snjezana Janjetovic, Jan Koch, Peter Staib, Julian Topaly, Maike de Wit, Doris Maria Kraemer, Lorenz Oelschläger, Ulf Schnetzke, Oliver Schmah, Swen Wessendorf, Cyrus Khandanpour, Lukas Kündgen, Monika Schwalenberg, Michael Heuser, Arnold Ganser, Hartmut Döhner, Ralph Wäsch, Michael Lübbert","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16617-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-026-16617-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is predominantly a disease of older patients with a poor long-term survival. Approval of the combination of venetoclax (VEN) with azacitidine (AZA) or decitabine (DAC) in the European Union in 2021 for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed AML who are ineligible for induction chemotherapy has become the treatment backbone for older, medically non-fit AML patients. Based on in vitro priming of AML cells to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) by DAC, we had previously conducted a randomized phase II trial (DECIDER, AMLSG 14 - 09) in 200 elderly, non-fit AML patients on the effect of ATRA as add-on to DAC. Median overall survival (OS) was 8.2 months with ATRA versus 5.1 months without ATRA (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.89; P = 0.006). Notably, ATRA did not add toxicity, the combination was active also in patients with adverse genetics, and prolonged time to treatment resistance. Investigating a triple combination of DAC, VEN and ATRA was a logical next step. This randomized double-blind phase III trial compares the efficacy of ATRA versus placebo as add-on to the backbone treatment (DAC and VEN) with respect to OS, objective best response, quality of life and safety. The accompanying translational research will contribute to identify molecular markers for drug efficacy and better tailoring epigenetic therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DECIDER-2 (AMLSG 32 - 21) is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, multicenter trial. The primary study objective is to compare the efficacy of ATRA versus placebo as add-on to the backbone treatment (DAC and VEN) in terms of OS. The target population is adult AML patients unfit for standard induction chemotherapy. Patients are randomized (1:1) to receive backbone treatment in combination with either ATRA or placebo. Four interim safety analyses were planned with the involvement of the Data Monitoring Committee.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This trial investigates whether the in vitro cooperativity of DAC, VEN, and ATRA prolongs OS in unfit AML patients compared to placebo, offering a novel, low-toxicity triplet combination with a promising risk-benefit ratio.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>EU CT number: 2020-005495-36/2023-507461-26-00 (registered 18.11.2020); German clinical trials registry number: DRKS00023646 (registered 23.08.2022).</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13449588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Development and validation of genomic and epigenomic signatures associated with tumor immune microenvironment in hepatoblastoma.","authors":"Yanbing Zhang, Tian Zhang, Qiang Yin, Haiyan Luo","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16669-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-026-16669-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13445777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148676977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of adjuvant endocrine therapy on disease-free survival in early triple-positive breast cancer: a multicenter retrospective cohort study of the Turkish oncology group.","authors":"Mustafa Seyyar, Pervin Can Şancı, Akif Doğan, Sedat Biter, Tolga Köşeci, Onur Yazdan Balçık, Sinem Solmaz Karabel, Ali Kalem, Cengiz Akosman, Kezban Nur Pilancı, İlknur Deliktaş Onur, Ülkü Yalçıntaş Arslan, Yasemin Kemal, Tugay Avcı, Mustafa Şahbazlar, Seval Akay, Emir Gökhan Kahraman, Ayberk Bayramgil, Yunus Emre Altıntaş, Salih Tünbekici, Erdem Göker, Canan Çolak, Teyfik Demir, Güzin Demirağ, Gökçe Gül Güneysu, Musa Barış Aykan, İsmail Nazlı, Onur Alkan, İlker Nihat Ökten, Rumeysa Çolak, Mesut Yılmaz, Hasibe Bilge Gür, İlhan Hacıbekiroğlu, Müge Sönmez, Neslihan Özyurt, Okan Aydın, Kayhan Ertürk, Elif Şahin, Anıl Karakayalı, Ece Baydar, İlkay Çıtakkul, Gamze Emin, Atila Yıldırım, Ahmet Gülmez, Uğur Özberk, Efnan Algın, Çağlar Köseoğlu, Fatma Keskin Uzundere, Zuhat Urakçı, Melih Akpunar, Ali Alkan, Ali Süner, Pınar Peker, Yasemin Aydınalp Camadan, Lamia Şeker Can, Tuğba Akın Telli, Nargiz Majidova, Mehmet Uzun, Merve Kuday Özkan, Meltem Baykara, Halil Göksel Güzel, Hasan Çağrı Yıldırım, Umut Kefeli, Devrim Çabuk, Tulay Kus","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16667-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-026-16667-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Triple-positive breast cancer (TPBC), characterized by concurrent ER, PR, and HER2 positivity, poses unique therapeutic challenges due to ER-HER2 crosstalk. The optimal adjuvant endocrine therapy in TPBC patients receiving anti-HER2 regimens remains poorly defined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 1044 early-stage TPBC patients (stage II-III) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and HER2-targeted therapy between 2007 and 2024. Disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression models, with separate multivariate analyses for premenopausal (n = 474) and postmenopausal (n = 570) patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At a median follow-up of 52 months, the 5-year DFS was 88.2% and the pCR rate was 44.3%. Residual disease was the strongest prognostic factor in both menopausal groups. In premenopausal patients, low ER expression (< 50%; HR 2.202; p = 0.003) and stage III disease (HR 2.722; p < 0.001) were independent adverse prognostic factors. Endocrine therapy type was associated with DFS on unadjusted analysis (log-rank p = 0.021) but was not significant after multivariable adjustment (adjusted overall p = 0.069). Although tamoxifen plus LHRH agonist showed a numerically higher recurrence risk than tamoxifen alone in exploratory subgroup comparison (HR 2.124; 95% CI 1.093-4.129; p = 0.026), this finding should be interpreted with caution given the non-significant overall association. In postmenopausal patients, stage III disease was the only independent adverse factor among baseline clinicopathological variables (HR 2.225; p = 0.003), and endocrine therapy type was not associated with DFS (log-rank p = 0.751; adjusted overall p = 0.614).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this large real-world TPBC cohort, residual disease was the dominant prognostic factor regardless of menopausal status. Endocrine therapy type was not independently associated with DFS after multivariable adjustment in either menopausal group. These findings are hypothesis-generating and should not guide endocrine therapy selection; prospective studies are warranted in premenopausal TPBC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13539936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision oncology meets Generative AI: assessing large language models in multidisciplinary GIST tumor boards.","authors":"Reza Dehdab, Judith Herrmann, Fiona Mankertz, Patrick Ghibes, Nour Maalouf, Sebastian Werner, Jens Strohäker, Katrin Benzler, Lars Zender, Saif Afat, Konstantin Nikolaou, Christoph K W Deinzer","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16537-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-026-16537-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are molecularly heterogeneous neoplasms whose management depends on individualized, multidisciplinary decision-making. While multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTBs) represent the standard of care, access remains limited in many clinical settings. This study evaluates the performance of two large language models in generating GIST MTB recommendations and assesses their agreement with expert MTB decisions using predefined clinical evaluation criteria.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center study included 99 GIST cases discussed at an institutional MTB. A structured prompt was developed to extract clinical variables and generate treatment recommendations. ChatGPT-5 and Qwen3 were independently evaluated across five predefined domains: diagnostic recommendations, therapeutic modalities, treatment sequence and timing, systemic therapy regimen selection, and clinical contextualization. Two expert reviewers scored all outputs in a blinded fashion. Normalized scores, inter-model comparisons, perfect-case rates, and inter-rater agreement were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both models demonstrated high concordance with expert MTB recommendations, with mean total normalized scores of 0.901 for ChatGPT-5 and 0.875 for Qwen3, without a significant difference between models (p > 0.05). Perfect agreement was observed in 52.5% of ChatGPT-5 cases and 48.5% of Qwen3 cases (p > 0.05). Diagnostic recommendations scored significantly lower than all other domains in both models (all adjusted p < 0.05). Overall inter-rater agreement was almost perfect (weighted Cohen's kappa=0.978).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both models demonstrated high agreement with expert GIST MTB recommendations, with no significant performance difference between them. Diagnostic reasoning represented the weakest domain, reflecting the challenge of reconstructing context-dependent workup decisions from tumor board documentation. These findings support a potential assistive role for LLMs in GIST MTB workflows, while underscoring the continued necessity of expert oversight.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13435432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148668388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Four-year follow-up from the phase 2 study TD-NICE: neoadjuvant treatment of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Yajie Mao, Zhiyuan Gao, Yichen Sun, Changjian Shao, Hongtao Duan, Xiaolong Yan","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16475-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-026-16475-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148653090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative transcriptomic and experimental analyses identifies SDF4 as an astrocyte-expressed regulator of glioma progression through PI3K-AKT signaling.","authors":"Cong Wang, Bohao Sun, Shiliang Chen, Weike Kong, Zhidong Yin, Fangyan Zhong, Yibo He, Hao Wang, Leiyan Wei, Jinwei Li, Chenfei Zhao, Zhezhong Zhang, Nan Wang, Zhaochang Jiang, Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16635-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-16635-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glioma is an aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis and high recurrence, which significantly affects patients' quality of life. Identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets is crucial for improving diagnosis and treatment. This study focuses on the SDF4 gene, which has been implicated in various cancers; however, its role in glioma remains underexplored due to limited research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To comprehensively investigate the role of SDF4 in glioma, we integrated bulk, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomic analyses with experimental validation. This approach includes bioinformatics evaluations, RNA sequencing analysis, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics, survival analyses, gene enrichment assessments, and in vitro experimental validation. Furthermore, we explored the relationship between SDF4 expression and specific clinical parameters such as tumor grade and patient prognosis. The expression levels of SDF4 in invasive glioma specimens were assessed through immunohistochemical techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our investigation reveals that SDF4 is markedly upregulated in glioma and correlates with unfavorable prognostic outcomes. Through Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), SDF4 was identified as a pivotal prognostic biomarker; elevated levels of SDF4 were significantly linked to decreased overall survival rates. Functional enrichment analyses indicate that SDF4 regulates the cell cycle, mediates apoptosis, and remodels the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, single-cell and spatial transcriptomic studies have pinpointed SDF4 expression specifically within astrocytes, underscoring its essential function within the tumor microenvironment. In vitro experiments demonstrated that silencing SDF4 reduces glioma cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis; this effect is primarily mediated through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, as silencing effectively curtails its activation. Moreover, a notable elevation in SDF4 protein levels was observed in glioma patients. These elevated levels were associated with genetic mutations such as IDH1 and TERT, as well as clinical features including World Health Organization (WHO) classification and the methylation status of MGMT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our research underscores the critical role of SDF4 in glioma progression, highlighting its potential as a strategic target for glioma management and as a prognostic marker. Additionally, these findings pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13628875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic health at breast cancer diagnosis and two-year survival: a prospective cohort study in a public healthcare setting.","authors":"Vanildo Prado, Giuliano Esperança, Georgia Petri Nahas, Barbara Gomes Maya, Samantha Rizzi, Daniel Buttros, Eliana Aguiar Petri Nahas","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16532-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-16532-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic syndrome is common among women with breast cancer and may adversely affect prognosis. However, prospective evidence on changes in metabolic health after breast cancer diagnosis and their association with survival remains limited, particularly in routine public healthcare settings. This study evaluated metabolic health during the first two years after diagnosis and examined the association between metabolic syndrome at diagnosis and overall survival in women with breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study was conducted in a Brazilian public healthcare service and included women aged ≥ 40 years with newly diagnosed stage I-III invasive breast carcinoma who were followed for two years. Clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory assessments were performed at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Overall survival was defined as the time from breast cancer diagnosis to death from any cause or last follow-up. Survival according to metabolic syndrome status at diagnosis was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 165 women were recruited, of whom 126 were included in the analysis and 111 completed the two-year assessment. Among participants with longitudinal data, significant reductions were observed in the prevalence of dysglycemia, elevated systolic blood pressure, and low HDL cholesterol. No significant changes were found in obesity, increased waist circumference, hypertriglyceridemia, or overall metabolic syndrome prevalence. During follow-up, 15 patients died. Women who died had a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome at diagnosis than survivors (73% vs. 41%, p = 0.020) and higher baseline fasting glucose levels (p = 0.021). Metabolic syndrome at diagnosis was associated with lower overall survival (log-rank p = 0.021) and a higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio 9.09; 95% confidence interval 1.73-47.9), although this estimate should be interpreted as exploratory because of the limited number of events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this prospective cohort of women with breast cancer treated in a Brazilian public healthcare setting, metabolic syndrome was highly prevalent at diagnosis and was associated with poorer two-year overall survival in an exploratory analysis. Although favorable changes were observed in selected metabolic parameters during follow-up, obesity and the overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome remained largely unchanged. These findings support the incorporation of metabolic assessment and multidisciplinary cardiometabolic care into breast cancer management and survivorship programs and require confirmation in larger cohorts with longer follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13711900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149285194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in treatment and survival of stage IV non-squamous NSCLC from 2010 to 2022.","authors":"Naveen Rehman, Emily C Zabor, Aastha Dhakal, Bridget Adcock, Muaz Alsabbagh Alchirazi, Moath Albliwi, Ali Mushtaq, Hadil Zureigat, Monica Lee, Ahmed Nabil Mohamed Hassan, Heya Batah, Preeyal Patel, Meera Patel, Sara Haddad, Scott Robertson, Michael Menefee, Khaled Aref Hassan, Marc A Shapiro, James Stevenson, Alex A Adjei, Lukas Delasos, Moaath K Mustafa Ali","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16590-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-026-16590-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Advances in immunotherapy (IT) and targeted therapy have transformed treatment for stage IV non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NS-NSCLC). However, real-world data comparing modern regimens to previous standards remains limited. Herein, we aim to determine whether survival outcomes have improved with contemporary therapies, METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of de novo stage IV NS-NSCLC at diagnosis treated at the Cleveland Clinic, OH, from 1/2010 to 12/2022. Baseline variables, including age, sex, race, performance status, smoking history, PD-L1 testing, and molecular profiling, were collected along with treatment regimens. Treatment responses were assessed. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated. Multivariable Cox regression (CPH) was used to adjust for confounding.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 1,518 patients with NS-NSCLC, of which 97% had adenocarcinoma (N = 1,472). Median age was 65 (IQR 58-73); 51% were female, 82% white, and 42% current smokers. Treatments included conventional chemotherapy (CTX) (744, 49%), IT (186, 12%), CTX + IT (318, 21%), and targeted therapy (270, 18%). Common regimens were carboplatin + pemetrexed/paclitaxel (502, 80%) and bevacizumab + carboplatin + pemetrexed/paclitaxel (127, 20%) for CTX, pembrolizumab (167, 89%) for IT, and carboplatin + pemetrexed + pembrolizumab (153, 41%) for chemo-IT. Overall disease control rate was 58% with a median follow-up of 69.7 months. The 2- and 5-year OS were 30% and 12%, respectively. OS improved from 20% (2010-2012) to 38% (2019-2022) (P < 0.05). Modern regimens were associated with a 23% reduced hazard of death (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66-0.90, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Modern regimens were associated with improved survival in stage IV NS-NSCLC, but long-term survival remains poor, underscoring the need for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149285191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burdens of pancreatic cancer from 1990 to 2021 and projection to 2050 in China: findings from the 2021 global burden of disease study.","authors":"Feng Yang, Jingyuan Bian, Xuxu He, Dong Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16616-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-026-16616-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pancreatic cancer in China exhibits high incidence and mortality rates, and they have been on a continuous upward trend over time, imposing a significant disease burden. It is essential to clarify the trends in pancreatic cancer from 1990 to 2021 and predict future trends up to 2050, which can provide valuable information for planning effective management and prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The pancreatic cancer data from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) query tool. In this study, the incidence rate, mortality rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and related risk factor data of pancreatic cancer in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted. The age-period-cohort (BAPC) Bayesian model was adopted to predict the age-standardized rate trend of the disease burden from 2021 to 2050, and the uncertainty of the historical estimation of GBD was incorporated into the prediction. Trend analysis uses Joinpoint regression to calculate the average annual percentage change. The model parameter Settings (such as the maximum number of connection points and prior distribution) and the standard population basis all follow the norms to ensure the comparability and repeatability of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, the number of incident cases, deaths, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) showed an increasing trend, reaching 118,665.43 cases (94,622.75-144,663.08), 119,601.86 cases (95,653.59-145,218.13), and 2,930,317.01 cases (2,301,048.70-3,575,078.95) person-years, respectively. Over the 30-year period, the Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC) for incidence, deaths, and DALYs were 3.13% (3.08-3.18), 3.06% (2.79-3.33), and 2.53% (2.31-2.75), respectively. The Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR), Age-Standardized Death Rate (ASMR), and Age-Standardized DALY Rate were 5.64 per 100,000 (4.52-6.84), 5.72 per 100,000 (4.59-6.91), and 137.23 per 100,000 (108.15-166.74), respectively. However, from 1990 to 2021, the average age-standardized incidence, death, and DALY rates in China increased by 2.14% (1.27-3.19), 2.08% (1.22-3.10), and 1.62% (0.87-2.52), respectively. Analysis of risk factors for pancreatic cancer revealed that from 1990 to 2021, high fasting plasma glucose surpassed smoking as the leading risk factor, with high body-mass index ranking third. Gender-specific analysis showed that incidence, mortality, and DALY rates were higher in males than females. Population data projections from 2021 to 2050 indicate that the actual disease burden of pancreatic cancer in the next 30 years may be higher than the predicted value in this study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study comprehensively compares differences in the disease burden across populations and over time, providing further evidence for the development of pancreatic cancer prevention and control policies and etiological research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13711756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149262693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized Hybrid Type I Effectiveness-Implementation Study of an eHealth Delivery Alternative for Cancer Genetic Testing for Hereditary Cancer (eREACH2): study protocol.","authors":"Evelyn Mastaglio, Brian Egleston, Kimberley T Lee, Dominique Fetzer, Sarah Brown, Susan M Domchek, Linda Fleisher, Kuang Yi-Wen, Lynne Wagner, Scott Roberts, Cara Cacioppo, Janice Christiansen, Sarah Howe, Elisabeth M Wood, Michelle Weinberg, Kelsey Karpink, Enida Selmani, Justin Feng, Samantha John, Kathryn Schweickert, Briana McLeod, Angela R Bradbury","doi":"10.1186/s12885-026-16620-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12885-026-16620-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Germline cancer genetic testing has become a standard evidence-based practice, with established risk reduction and cancer screening guidelines for genetic carriers. There are also targeted treatments for some genetic carriers with cancers such as breast and ovarian cancer. Yet, many at-risk patients do not have access to genetic services, leaving many genetic carriers unidentified. The eREACH 2 study (A Randomized Hybrid Type I Effectiveness-Implementation Study of an eReach Delivery Alternative for Cancer Genetic Testing for Hereditary Cancer) evaluates whether an interactive, patient-centered digital alternative for genetic education and disclosure of results is non-inferior compared to the traditional model of pre- and post-test counseling with a genetic counselor.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a Hybrid Type 1 effectiveness implementation study in which participants are randomized using a 2 × 2 design to test a self-directed, patient-informed, digital intervention to deliver clinical genetic testing versus the traditional pre-test (visit 1) and post-test (visit 2: disclosure) counseling delivered by a genetic counselor. The 4 arms include (A) genetic counselor for visit 1 and visit 2, (B) genetic counselor for visit 1 and digital intervention for visit 2, (C) digital intervention for visit 1 and genetic counselor for visit 2, and (D) digital intervention for both visits. Participants are adults who meet National Comprehensive Cancer Network and/or American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines for germline genetic testing and are recruited from both community and medical sites across the United States by way of clinician referral as well as patient self-referral. The primary outcomes are non-inferiority in uptake of genetic testing and change in genetic knowledge and general anxiety from baseline to post-disclosure.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>With many barriers to accessing genetic services, innovative delivery models are needed to address these gaps and increase uptake of genetic services. The eREACH2 study evaluates the effectiveness of an interactive patient-centered digital intervention to deliver clinical genetic testing. We expect this work will inform evidence-based guidelines and the standard-of-care for delivery of genetic testing and is designed to be broadly applicable and easily adaptable for other populations and settings even beyond oncology (e.g. Alzheimer's disease).</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This protocol was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05427240) on 6/7/2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":9131,"journal":{"name":"BMC Cancer","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13711929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149262704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}