BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies最新文献

{"title":"Marine actinobacterium Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus mediated nano-selenium: biosynthesis and biomedical activities.","authors":"Ahmed Ghareeb, Amr Fouda, Rania M Kishk, Waleed M El Kazzaz","doi":"10.1186/s12906-025-05073-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12906-025-05073-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9128,"journal":{"name":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies","volume":"25 1","pages":"329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12442295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Antimicrobial activity of Salvia spinosa against Enterococcus faecalis causing endodontic infections: an in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-silico study.","authors":"Wedad M Nageeb, Sherouk Hussein Adam, Nihal Ali, Marwa Sharaan","doi":"10.1186/s12906-025-05069-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12906-025-05069-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9128,"journal":{"name":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies","volume":"25 1","pages":"328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12432995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TriCAM (NCT02976558) - a randomized controlled pilot study of complementary medicine in allogeneic stem cell transplantation to improve quality of life.","authors":"Ali Behzad, Stefan W Krause, Andreas Mackensen, Fabian Müller, Anja Stark, Simon Völkl, Wolf Rösler","doi":"10.1186/s12906-025-05058-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12906-025-05058-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9128,"journal":{"name":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies","volume":"25 1","pages":"326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary oxytocin levels in children meeting a Hospital Dog^®.","authors":"A Risberg, A Larsson, U Bodén, A Edner","doi":"10.1186/s12906-025-05076-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12906-025-05076-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There has been growing interest in animal-assisted therapy (AAT) in recent decades due to increasing reports indicating its health benefits for adult patients. These benefits are partly attributed to changes, usually increased levels of the neuropeptide oxytocin.  AIM: To investigate changes in oxytocin levels in hospitalized children meeting a certified Hospital Dog^®.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Urine samples were collected between 25/02/2016 and 24/05/2017 from 35 hospitalized children (3-17 years) before and after each participant had a session with the Hospital Dog^®. Oxytocin levels were analysed with an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Creatinine levels were measured to determine the subject's fluid intake and then divided by the hormonal concentration (uOT pg/ml).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean level of uOT was 186.0 ± 236.7 (51.5-1349.5) pg/ml before and 137.3 ± 121.5 (30.7-591.3) pg/ml after the dog session (p = 0.010).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Decreased levels of uOT were recorded during the study in which hospitalized children met a Hospital Dog^®. The decreased OT levels are potentially the result of the intense activity the subject experienced with the dog during the interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":9128,"journal":{"name":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies","volume":"25 1","pages":"327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cicer arietinum extract as antitumor and protective agent against Ehrlich Solid Carcinoma-bearing mice.","authors":"Amany Ahmed Sayed, Mahmoud Salah Abdullah, Amr Ahmed WalyEldeen, Rasha Mohamed Samir Sayed, Refaat M Gabre, Sherif Abdelaziz Ibrahim, Hebatallah Hassan","doi":"10.1186/s12906-025-05061-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12906-025-05061-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer remains a significant global health challenge. Several plant-derived compounds have garnered the attention of cancer research for their anticancer effects. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the top nutritious legumes with promising chemoprotective effects. We previously demonstrated that Cicer arietinum extract (CAE) has antitumor activity in vitro. Therefore, herein, we aimed to extend our findings and investigate CAE's preventive and therapeutic antitumor effects in vivo using a murine Ehrlich solid carcinoma (ESC) model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-six female mice were divided into six groups: healthy controls, untreated ESC-bearing mice, CAE pre-treated groups (low, moderate, and high doses), and CAE post-treated group administered after tumor establishment. Tumor size, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzyme activities, and the expression of apoptotic (Casp3)- and pyroptotic (Gsdmd)-related genes were assessed. Finally, the immunohistochemical staining for the anti-apoptotic Survivin expression was assessed across different mice groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data indicate that pre-treatment with moderate and high doses of CAE, as well as post-treatment, significantly inhibited tumor growth by more than 40% relative to untreated ESC-bearing controls. Histopathological analysis showed notable improvements in muscle tissue structure in CAE-treated samples. Mechanistically, CAE exerted its chemopreventive and therapeutic effects via the alleviation of oxidative stress by a significant enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme activities and increased Gpx4 mRNA expression, accompanied by a reduction of MDA and NO levels. Furthermore, CAE attenuated survivin expression, while dramatically boosting the expression of apoptotic Casp3 and pyroptotic Gsdmd markers, particularly in the post-treatment group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that CAE is a promising anticancer agent with protective effects against ESC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9128,"journal":{"name":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies","volume":"25 1","pages":"325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12403969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of probiotic derivatives of Bacillus coagulans Hammer on induction of apoptosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line in vitro.","authors":"Maryam Mashhoori Vayghan, Parvaneh Saffarian, Maryam Tajabadi Ebrahimi, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Abbas Yadegar","doi":"10.1186/s12906-025-05075-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12906-025-05075-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains as one of the leading causes of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Dysbiosis in the structure of the gut microbiota resulting in increased abundance of harmful bacteria and decreased beneficial bacteria has been frequently associated with CRC development. Recently, probiotics and their derivatives have received great attention as anticancer agents for prevention and treatment of various cancers. This study aimed to assess the potential effects of probiotic Bacillus coagulans Hammer and its derivatives on induction of apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines in vitro.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cell viability of HT-29 and Caco-2 cells was examined by MTT assay after exposure to varying concentrations of pasteurized and UV-killed B. coagulans Hammer, its extracellular vesicles (EVs), and cell-free supernatant (CFS). The apoptotic effects of different B. coagulans Hammer derivatives on HT-29 and Caco-2 cells were determined by analyzing the expression level of apoptosis-related genes (Bad, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Caspase-9) using RT-qPCR assay. Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry was performed to assess apoptosis. Protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was measured by Western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High concentrations of B. coagulans Hammer derivatives significantly (P < 0.05) reduced viability of HT-29 and Caco-2 cells compared to untreated control. The results of RT-qPCR assay showed significant decrease in the expression level of antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2, and notable increase in the expression level of proapoptotic genes Bax, Bad, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 in HT-29 and Caco-2 cells by B. coagulans Hammer derivatives. Flow cytometry demonstrated a high percentage of apoptotic HT-29 cells compared to untreated cells after exposure to B. coagulans Hammer derivatives. Western blotting analysis confirmed that treatment with EVs, UV-killed cells, and CFS significantly decreased Bcl-2 expression, and increased Bax expression in HT-29 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that derivatives of probiotic B. coagulans Hammer can exert anticancer activity by induction of apoptosis in colon cancer HT-29 and Caco-2 cells. Further investigations are required to validate the safety and efficacy of B. coagulans Hammer derivatives in CRC prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9128,"journal":{"name":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies","volume":"25 1","pages":"324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12403276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical acupoint stimulation for psychiatric sequelae in women victims of domestic violence: study protocol for an assessor-blind randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Sichang Yang, Agnes Tiwari, Denise Shuk Ting Cheung, Calvin Pak Wing Cheng, Mei Yan Chan, Haiyong Chen, Zhang-Jin Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12906-025-05033-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12906-025-05033-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Domestic violence is a global public health problem linked to mental illness morbidity. A significant proportion of domestic violence victims have been found to exhibit unsatisfactory response rates to first-line treatments and display low acceptance levels towards psychological interventions. To improve the therapeutic effectiveness for this population, we aim to develop an electrical acupoint stimulation modality that integrates clinic-based and home-based therapies, with the goal of improving the psychiatric symptoms experienced by women victims of domestic violence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial, consisting of 110 women victims diagnosed with depression. The patients will be randomly assigned to either the treatment group or the routine care group in a 1:1 ratio. The treatment group will receive electrical acupoint stimulation over a period of 12 consecutive weeks, in addition to their routine care. On the other hand, the routine care group will not receive any electrical acupoint stimulation until the end of the 12-week study. The primary outcome of the study is the mean change in the score of Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) from baseline to the end of the 12-week treatment. Secondary outcomes will include the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), 10-Item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), PTSD Check List-Civilian Version (PCL-C), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12), as well as any observed adverse events.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>If effective, this electrical acupoint stimulation modality could have significant clinical and research implications for women victims of domestic violence with psychiatric sequelae.</p><p><strong>Trials registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT05102253. Registered 1 November 2021. https://www.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov/study/NCT05102253 .</p>","PeriodicalId":9128,"journal":{"name":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies","volume":"25 1","pages":"316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential placebo effect of sham acupuncture for chronic pain: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Renhong Wan, Qianhua Zheng, Xiaorui Zeng, Yalan Luo, Luqiang Sun, Shuai Chen, Fangli Luo, Yupeng Zhang, Ziyue Zhu, Xinyun Chen, Yuanyuan Zhao, Ying Li","doi":"10.1186/s12906-025-05055-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12906-025-05055-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The clinical effects of acupuncture are often underestimated due to the placebo effect of sham acupuncture. While multiple sham acupuncture methods have been used in clinical practice, it is challenging to select the appropriate sham acupuncture technique due to the lack of head-to-head trials.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to compare the differential placebo effects of diverse sham acupuncture interventions, providing evidence-based guidance for selecting optimal placebo controls in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials comparing acupuncture with sham acupuncture for the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain (from inceptions to May 1, 2025). The primary outcome measure was pain variation, while secondary outcome measures included adverse events and the assessment of acupuncture blinding. Frequentist random-effect models were employed to perform indirect treatment comparison meta-analysis, and Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) was utilized to evaluate the level of evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 45 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, involving 7 sham acupuncture methods and 8287 participants. Regarding pain variation, the difference was noted between the waiting treatment group (mean difference 1.86 (95% confidence interval 1.36 to 2.35), SUCRA 97.4%; moderate confidence of evidence) and manual acupuncture group was most pronounced, followed by the difference between the acupoint and no penetration group (mean difference 1.14 (95% confidence interval 0.74 to 1.55), SUCRA 73.6%; low confidence of evidence) and the nonacupoint and no penetration group (mean difference 1.00 (95% confidence interval 0.35 to 1.65), SUCRA 64.8%; low confidence of evidence). Additionally, the rate of adverse events was comparable among the aforementioned sham acupuncture groups, and the blinding procedure was successfully implemented in the trials.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The placebo effect of sham acupuncture is significant, among which the no penetration (acupoint or nonacupoint) groups exhibited the lowest placebo effect. Nevertheless, further head-to-head trials are warranted to obtain direct evidence.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO no. CRD42024535012.</p>","PeriodicalId":9128,"journal":{"name":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies","volume":"25 1","pages":"323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12403578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines on acupuncture for chronic musculoskeletal pain.","authors":"Leonard Ho, Cyrus Ngo Tin Lai, Haiyong Chen, Sheung Wai Law, Edwin Chau Leung Yu, Fiona Pui Yan Lam, Yi Chung Cheung, Irene Xinyin Wu, Samuel Yeung Shan Wong, Regina Wing Shan Sit","doi":"10.1186/s12906-025-05070-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12906-025-05070-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acupuncture is increasingly utilised in primary care to manage chronic musculoskeletal pain, supported by a growing body of evidence. This rising adoption has driven demand for clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). We summarised the characteristics of recent acupuncture CPGs for osteoarthritis, low back pain, neck pain, and shoulder pain, and critically appraised their methodological quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched nine databases to identify acupuncture CPGs published from January 2014 to November 2024. Eligible CPGs were required to be developed by guideline committees and to include evidence-informed recommendations linked to clearly defined levels of evidence. Two independent reviewers extracted CPG characteristics and assessed methodological quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1,999 records screened, 17 CPGs were included, encompassing 35 recommendations. Shoulder pain was the most addressed condition (n = 14), followed by low back pain (n = 11), osteoarthritis (n = 8), and neck pain (n = 2). Various types of acupuncture were considered, with manual acupuncture featuring in most (n = 26) recommendations. Overall, 60% of the recommendations supported the use of acupuncture, comprising 5.7% strong recommendations and 54.3% weak or conditional recommendations. In contrast, 22.9% of recommendations offered no explicit guidance, while 17.1% advised against its use. Methodological assessment classified 10 CPGs as high quality, while seven were of moderate quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Contradictions exist among the included CPGs regarding whether acupuncture should be recommended for routine practice, potentially reflecting differences in clinical and cultural contexts. Local CPGs should be developed using rigorous methodology, ensuring the involvement of local stakeholders. An AGREE II extension should be developed for the methodological quality assessment of acupuncture CPGs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9128,"journal":{"name":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies","volume":"25 1","pages":"322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12403485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatoprotective effects of Acanthopanax trifoliatus standardized leaf extract and its formulations in a HepG2 model.","authors":"Khanit Sa-Ngiamsuntorn, Piyanuch Rojsanga, Pakatip Ruenraroengsak, Montree Jaturanpinyo, Chutima Petchprayoon, Somnuk Bunsupa, Veena Satitpatipan, Yongyut Pewkliang, Piyanoot Thongsri, Pongtip Sithisarn","doi":"10.1186/s12906-025-05025-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12906-025-05025-3","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) Voss or phak-paem, a traditional Thai plant in the Araliaceae family, has been reported to promote adaptogenic effects for a long time. The leaves have been used as a tonic to improve general weakness and to treat tuberculosis, lung hemorrhages, bruises, ulcers and contusions. The young leaves and the shoots are also eaten as vegetables.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A. trifoliatus leaf extract was prepared, and its physical and chemical properties were qualitatively controlled. Three formulations, tablets, drinks and bubbles, were developed from A. trifoliatus standardized leaf extract. The in vitro antioxidant effects of the A. trifoliatus leaf extracts and formulations were evaluated using a DPPH scavenging assay. The hepatoprotective effects of A. trifoliatus leaf extract and formulations were evaluated in the HepG2 cell line using a hepatoprotective assay, the detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the quantification of apoptotic cells and necrotic cells. The mechanism of action for hepatoprotective effects was determined by detecting antioxidant and apoptosis markers using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Standardized extracts of A. trifoliatus leaves were prepared from quality-controlled raw material. The physical properties of the extract were controlled, including loss on drying, total ash, and acid-insoluble ash. It had specific chromatographic fingerprint with total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of 13.44 ± 0.22 g of chlorogenic acid equivalent in 100 g of extract (g% CAE) and 6.14 ± 0.45 g of rutin equivalent in 100 g of extract (g% RE), respectively. According to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, the extract contained mono-caffeoylquinic acid 1.33 ± 0.00 g% CAE, di-caffeoylquinic acid, 1.82 ± 0.00 g of a cynarin equivalent in 100 g of extract (g% CYE) and flavonoid 0.48 ± 0.00 g% RE. Tablets, drinks and bubbles were developed from A. trifoliatus standardized leaf extract. A. trifoliatus leaf extract, tablets and drinks showed strong DPPH scavenging effects, with EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of 38.88 ± 1.19, 62.99 ± 1.80 and 81.19 ± 1.18 µg/mL, respectively. Treatment with the A. trifoliatus extract at a concentration of 12.5-100 μg/mL reduced hepatocyte toxicity by 30-40% in a dose-dependent manner, as determined by a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced cytotoxicity assay. The three formulations of A. trifoliatus extracts also showed hepatoprotective effects of approximately 5-25% at concentrations ranging from 12.5-100 μg/mL. The mechanisms of action for hepatoprotective effects were found to include a reduction in intracellular ROS production; the prevention of t-BHP-induced apoptosis; an increase in the expression of antioxidant genes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and NADPH quinone dehydrogenase-1 (NQO-1); a reduction in the expression of","PeriodicalId":9128,"journal":{"name":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies","volume":"25 1","pages":"319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}