Birth Defects Research最新文献

{"title":"Correction to Food Fortification Ineffective in Preventing Neural Tube Defects in India due to Regulation Promoting Inadequate Levels of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2510","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Kancherla, V., P. Bhalla, S. K. Dutta, R. Mehta, R. M. Vora, and S. Karmarkar. 2025. “Food Fortification Ineffective in Preventing Neural Tube Defects in India due to Regulation Promoting Inadequate Levels of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12.” <i>Birth Defects Research</i> 117, no. 7: e2498. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2498.</p><p>In the originally published article, an incorrect unit of measurement was given in Section 1. The corrected unit is given below. This has been corrected in the online version of the article.</p><p>Incorrect</p><p>The 2020 RDA proposed for vitamin B12 ranges between 1.2 and 2.5 mg for non-pregnant women, children, and men (FSSAI 2021).</p><p>Correct</p><p>The 2020 RDA proposed for vitamin B12 ranges between 1.2 and 2.5 mcg for non-pregnant women, children, and men (FSSAI 2021).</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdr2.2510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Annotation of De Novo Variants Found Near GWAS Loci Associated With Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate","authors":"Sarah W. Curtis,&nbsp;Laura E. Cook,&nbsp;Kitt Paraiso,&nbsp;Axel Visel,&nbsp;Justin L. Cotney,&nbsp;Jeffrey C. Murray,&nbsp;Terri H. Beaty,&nbsp;Mary L. Marazita,&nbsp;Jenna C. Carlson,&nbsp;Elizabeth J. Leslie-Clarkson","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2499","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the most common craniofacial birth defects, affecting 1 in 700 births, and have a strong genetic basis with a high recurrence risk within families.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While many of the previous studies have associated common, noncoding genetic loci with OFCs, previous studies on de novo variants (DNVs) in OFC cases have focused on coding variants that could have a functional impact on protein structure, and the contribution of noncoding DNVs to the formation of OFCs has largely been ignored and is not well understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reanalyzed an existing dataset of DNVs from 1409 trios with OFCs that had undergone targeted sequencing of known OFC-associated loci. We then annotated these DNVs with information from datasets of predicted epigenetic function during human craniofacial development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 66 DNVs called in the targeted regions in this study, 17 (25.7%) were within a predicted enhancer or promoter region. Two DNVs fell within the same enhancer region (hs1617), which is more than expected by chance (<i>p</i> = 0.0017). The sequence changes caused by these hs1617 DNVs are predicted to create binding sites not seen in the reference sequence for transcription factors PAX6 and ZBTB7A and to disrupt binding sites for STAT1 and STAT3.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The hs1617 enhancer region is within the same topologically associated domain as <i>HHAT</i>, <i>SERTAD4</i>, and <i>IRF6</i>, all of which are involved in craniofacial development. All three genes are highly expressed in human neural crest cells. Knockout mice for <i>Hhat</i> and <i>Irf6</i> have abnormal embryonic development including a cleft palate, and variants in and around <i>IRF6</i> are associated with nonsyndromic and syndromic forms of OFCs in humans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Taken together, this suggests that noncoding DNVs contribute to the genetic architecture of OFCs, with an excess of DNVs in OFC trios in enhancer regions near known OFC-associated genes. Overall, this adds to our understanding of the genetic mechanisms that underlie OFC formation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144581771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Exposure to Methamphetamine and Its Association With Birth Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Nima Rastegar-Pouyani,&nbsp;Fatemeh Fakhari,&nbsp;Armineh Rezagholi Lalani,&nbsp;Emad Jafarzadeh,&nbsp;Reza Zafari,&nbsp;Nader Rahimi,&nbsp;Ahmad Habibian Sezavar,&nbsp;Seyed Nasser Ostad","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2488","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The growing prevalence of methamphetamine abuse has been regarded as a matter of great concern due to its damaging impact on public health worldwide. Our study aimed to perform a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis to evaluate the association between prenatal methamphetamine exposure, Preterm Birth (PTB) Low Birth Weight (LBW), and being Small for Gestational Age (SGA). Later on, we investigated the association between prenatal methamphetamine use and the aforementioned birth defects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a systematic search of English-language articles in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed from inception to December 24, 2021, identifying 1223 observational studies. After removing duplicates, 911 articles remained for title and abstract screening, of which 868 were excluded. Following a full-text review of 43 studies, 35 were excluded due to insufficient data, leaving eight studies for meta-analysis. Data were analyzed using Stata 15.0, with Odds Ratio (OR) (95% Confidence Intervals (CI)) as effect sizes. Subgroup analysis was performed by sample type (urine, meconium, and …), and heterogeneity was assessed using the Chi-square test (<i>I</i>² more than 50% was considered heterogenic), applying fixed- or random-effects models accordingly. Publication bias was evaluated via Egger's test and funnel plots, and sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess result robustness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prenatal exposure to methamphetamine was found to be associated with PTB (OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.89–3.70), LBW (OR 2.83; 95% CI 1.09–7.38), and SGA (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.04–1.99).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our meta-analysis shows a substantial association between prenatal exposure to methamphetamine and PTB, LBW, and being SGA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Fortification Ineffective in Preventing Neural Tube Defects in India due to Regulation Promoting Inadequate Levels of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12","authors":"Vijaya Kancherla,&nbsp;Parveen Bhalla,&nbsp;Subrata Kumar Dutta,&nbsp;Rajesh Mehta,&nbsp;Ravindra M. Vora,&nbsp;Santosh Karmarkar","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2498","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a high prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) and nutritional anemias that increase the risk of birth defects in India. The current staple food fortification regulations for folic acid and vitamin B12 are ineffective in the country. We provide an evidence-based viewpoint urging for WHO-recommended levels of fortificants (i.e., 1300 mcg of folic acid and 10 mcg of vitamin B12 per kilogram of wheat flour or rice) to be included in the regulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Micronutrient fortified foods are being distributed through various governmental safety-net programs under the National Food Security Act in India. Packaged flour produced by some private companies is fortified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Food fortification regulation, recommended in 2018 by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, allows adding 75–125 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid per kilogram (kg), and 0.75–1.25 mcg of vitamin B12 per kg, as fortificants in wheat flour or rice. These levels are 90% lower than what WHO recommends based on daily consumption of staple foods in India.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Re-setting fortification standards for folic acid and vitamin B12 to levels recommended by the WHO in India will avert thousands of NTD-associated pregnancies each year, as well as morbidity and mortality associated with them.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Events After COVID-19 Vaccination Between Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women","authors":"Hinpetch Daungsupawong,&nbsp;Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2505","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Readability, Credibility, and Accuracy of Online Vaccine Information for Pregnant and Lactating Individuals: A Cross-Platform Analysis","authors":"Ayhan Ceri","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2500","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pregnant and lactating individuals frequently rely on online sources for vaccine information. However, the readability, credibility, and accuracy of such content vary widely, potentially influencing vaccine hesitancy. This study evaluates the accessibility and reliability of online vaccine information across different digital platforms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional content analysis was conducted on vaccine-related content published between 2018 and 2022. Data were collected from official health websites (e.g., WHO, CDC), social media (Twitter, Facebook), blogs, and parenting forums. Readability was assessed using the Flesch–Kincaid (FK) and SMOG indices, while credibility was evaluated using the DISCERN tool and HONcode certification. Accuracy was determined by comparing claims against scientific evidence from authoritative health organizations. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA and chi-square tests, were performed to examine readability differences and misinformation prevalence across platforms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Official health websites had the highest readability complexity (average FK grade level: 11.8 ± 1.2), while social media content was the most accessible (average FK grade level: 7.8 ± 1.0). However, social media also exhibited the highest misinformation prevalence (38%), whereas official sources maintained near-perfect accuracy (98% compliance with scientific evidence). Blogs and forums demonstrated moderate readability (FK grade level: 9.5 ± 1.4 and 8.7 ± 1.1, respectively) but varied in credibility (DISCERN scores: 40–50/80). Thematic analysis revealed dominant misinformation trends, including fear-based narratives (52% of misinformation cases) and scientific distortions (29%). Accessibility barriers were also identified, with only 10% of sources providing multilingual content, and disparities in digital health resources were observed between high- and low-income regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights the trade-off between readability and credibility in online vaccine information. While official sources provide reliable content, their complexity may hinder comprehension. Addressing accessibility gaps through plain-language communication and misinformation mitigation strategies is crucial for improving digital health literacy and supporting informed maternal vaccine decision-making.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesizing Cohort Study Results to Promote Knowledge Transfer of Safety Data Regarding Gestational Antidepressant Exposure and Offspring Congenital Anomalies: A Test of Concept","authors":"Eydie L. Moses-Kolko,&nbsp;Loreen Straub,&nbsp;Kelly Fung,&nbsp;Krista F. Huybrechts","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2496","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Health practitioners tend to overestimate potential risks to pregnancy from antidepressant (AD) exposure. Through a literature review focused on major congenital anomalies (MCA) and cardiac anomalies (CA) in association with gestational AD exposure, we evaluated the strength of the available evidence and explored ways to facilitate communication of the evidence to providers and patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In PubMed, we searched English language publications, from January 2013 to March 2024, using search terms for ADs and MCA to identify cohort studies that took steps to minimize confounding and misclassification bias. We extracted study relative risks (RR) for the association between ADs and anomalies. We meta-analyzed the RR and developed a fact box to streamline risk communication.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 1308 articles identified, 111 were retained after abstract review, of which 13 met our inclusion criteria. The pooled RR values for any AD were 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00–1.13) for MCA and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.01–1.19) for CA. Results were similar when focusing on individual AD drug classes. Risks were depicted on the absolute scale using an icon array in a fact box.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reassuring quantitative data regarding prenatal AD exposure and the risk of MCA/CA are buried within a large corpus of publications. The fact box provides a quantitative, visual, and verbal description of absolute risks, based on pooled estimates from cohort studies which took steps to minimize bias. Further study is needed to examine the potential for fact boxes to increase clinician knowledge, clinician confidence to engage in risk discussions with patients, and patient understanding of the risk data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdr2.2496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Folic Acid Interventions and Arsenic Reduction Strategies for Neural Tube Defect Prevention in Bangladesh: A Systematic Review and Decision Analysis","authors":"Chih-Fu Wei,&nbsp;Ernani F. Choma,&nbsp;Xingyan Wang,&nbsp;Carrie G. Wade,&nbsp;Ya Luan Hsiao,&nbsp;Diane Bao,&nbsp;Sudipta K. Mukherjee,&nbsp;David C. Christiani,&nbsp;Marc G. Weisskopf,&nbsp;Liming Liang,&nbsp;Maitreyi Mazumdar","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2494","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maternal intake of folic acid prevents most cases of neural tube defects (NTDs), and arsenic exposure may increase NTD risk. In Bangladesh, where arsenic exposures are high, understanding the potential impacts of arsenic reduction and folic acid-based interventions can guide decision-making.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of NTDs in Bangladesh. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Global Health, and Bangladesh Journals Online and extracted data using standardized forms. We used forest plots and random effects models to estimate the prevalence of all NTDs and spina bifida. Decision analysis used assumptions from the literature to compare expected NTD prevalence under strategies incorporating combinations of folic acid supplementation, fortification, and arsenic filters. Sensitivity analyses aimed to quantify the influence of adherence to supplements on estimates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eleven studies were included. Prevalences of NTD and spina bifida were 27.4 and 11.2 per 10,000 births, respectively; however, when estimated from population red blood cell folate concentrations, NTD prevalence was higher in both high arsenic exposure (drinking water ≥ 50 μg/L) and lower arsenic exposure groups (34.3 and 25.3 per 10,000 births, respectively). Folic acid fortification reduced the prevalence of NTDs to 11.1 and 9.1 per 10,000 births among high exposure and low exposure groups, respectively. Arsenic filters provided little marginal benefit. Benefits of supplements equaled those of fortification when adherence to supplements exceeded 90%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bangladesh has high rates of NTDs and high arsenic exposures. Folic acid fortification is projected to be the most effective strategy for NTD prevention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdr2.2494","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hearing Loss Profiles in Sporadic and Familial Microtia: Clinical Insights From an Ecuadorian Cohort","authors":"Fabricio González-Andrade,&nbsp;Fausto Coello,&nbsp;Edwin Andrade,&nbsp;Henry Vásconez","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2501","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microtia is a congenital anomaly of the external ear that often leads to hearing loss due to associated auditory canal and middle ear malformations. While right-ear predominance and conductive hearing loss are well-documented, few studies have compared anatomical and audiological differences between sporadic and familial cases, especially in underrepresented populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare the clinical, anatomical, and auditory characteristics of patients with sporadic versus familial microtia in an Ecuadorian cohort.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 146 patients with microtia, classified as either sporadic or familial. Demographic, clinical, and risk factor data were collected through structured interviews. Audiological evaluations included auditory evoked potentials, otoacoustic emissions, tympanometry, pure-tone audiometry, and speech audiometry, based on patient age and canal patency. Statistical analysis included Mann–Whitney U and Chi-square tests (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Right-ear involvement was most common (45.45%). Grade 3 microtia was the most prevalent, while Grade 4 was observed exclusively in familial cases. Conductive hearing loss predominated (74.67% left ear, 83.33% right ear). Although no significant differences in hearing loss type or severity were found between groups, familial cases showed a trend toward more severe impairment. Otoacoustic emissions and stapedial reflexes were more frequently absent in right ears. Pure tone perception and speech recognition were also more impaired on the right side.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microtia is most commonly right-sided and associated with significant conductive hearing loss. Familial cases may present with more severe features. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential to mitigate developmental consequences, particularly in resource-limited settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Equity in Early Life: Advancing Environmental Justice for Maternal and Child Health”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2495","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ceri, A., and M. D. Keskin. 2025. “Equity in Early Life: Advancing Environmental Justice for Maternal and Child Health.” <i>Birth Defects Research</i> 117: e2448. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2448.</p><p>In the originally published article, author Doğukan Mustafa Keskin's name was incorrectly given as Dogukan Keskin.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdr2.2495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}