BMC Oral Health最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of the most common perinatal and postnatal risk factors in children with MIH compared to healthy (non-MIH) children aged 6-12 years in Arak City.","authors":"Hedieh Moradi, Yasmin Sheikhhassani, Zahra Sajadi, Malihe Safari","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06948-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06948-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a widespread developmental enamel defect impacting children globally, with a multifactorial etiology that remains incompletely understood. Its rising prevalence presents significant challenges to oral health and quality of life. This study examines both perinatal and postnatal risk factors associated with MIH in a pediatric population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study involved 426 children aged 6-12 years, with 213 diagnosed with MIH and 213 healthy controls, recruited from a university dental clinic and local schools in Arak City, Iran. Parents completed a validated 48-item checklist covering perinatal factors (e.g., delivery mode, preterm birth) and postnatal factors (birth to 3 years, e.g., feeding practices, illnesses, medication use). MIH was diagnosed using the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression to identify risk factors, with a significance level of 5%. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vaginal delivery (42.9% vs. 62.9%, p = 0.004) was protective against MIH (OR = 0.54, p = 0.037), reducing odds by 46%, while preterm birth (18.1% vs. 8.6%, p = 0.048) showed a modest association. Frequent analgesic use (65.7% vs. 57.4%, p = 0.034) and recurrent diarrhea (37.0% vs. 32.4%, p = 0.033) were more prevalent in the MIH group, though effects were weak. Although a history of chickenpox was more frequent in the MIH group (31.5% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.058 in univariate analysis), multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for confounders, showed that children with a chickenpox history had lower MIH risk (OR = 2.12 for absence of chickenpox, p = 0.040). Vitamin D deficiency (6.5% vs. 8.3%, p = 0.829) and breastfeeding < 6 months (4.6% vs. 8.3%, p = 0.700) showed no clear link. Hypoxia at birth (6.7% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.353) and high fever (9.3% vs. 7.4%, p = 0.953) were not associated with MIH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vaginal delivery and chickenpox history emerged as protective factors against MIH, while preterm birth, analgesic use, and diarrhea showed modest associations. These findings underscore MIH's complex etiology, with regional variations suggesting diverse influences. Further longitudinal research is needed to validate these relationships and guide targeted prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1581"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12512636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeatability of gray value-based bone density measurements in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images under different acquisition protocols.","authors":"Luciano Augusto Cano Martins, Leszek Szalewski, Krzysztof Pałka, Paweł Kalinowski, Marcelo Gusmão Paraiso Cavalcanti, Ingrid Różyło-Kalinowska","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06760-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06760-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate and repeatable assessment of bone density is a critical factor in dental implant planning, as it influences decisions related to implant size, site preparation, and primary stability, ultimately affecting treatment outcomes and long-term osseointegration. The variability in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) gray values across different acquisition protocols can compromise measurement repeatability, challenging the reliability of preoperative bone assessments. This study aimed to assess the repeatability of a gray value-based bone density measurement tool along three-thirds of a virtual implant in CBCT under different acquisition protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three pork ribs (5 × 3 × 2 cm) were scanned three times each using a VistaVoxS 3D CBCT scanner under four acquisition protocols, varying field-of-view (5 × 5 and 13 × 5), kVp (98, 94, 79), mA (11, 9, 6), and voxel size (0.08 and 0.2 mm), resulting in 144 scans. A virtual implant (10 × 5.2 mm) was centered on each rib image, and gray values along the thirds of the implant were measured using AIS 3DAPP 5.0 software. Repeatability was assessed with Friedman's test, Kendall's agreement coefficient, and the chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean CBCT gray values in the cervical region were significantly lower regardless of the protocol (p ≤ 0.5). Individual exposures differed but showed very good agreement (0.89-0.83).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The bone density tool showed reliable gray value measurements across CBCT protocols, with field of view affecting repeatability more than voxel size. Significant gray value differences in the cervical region highlight the need for cautious interpretation in this area. Standardizing imaging settings is recommended to improve implant planning accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12505823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture threshold of tooth roots and stress analysis of surrounding tissue during the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars using dental elevators.","authors":"Zhengfen Li, Yijun Liu, Jiangling Sun, Meiyan Rong, Cheng Niu, Xubo Duan, Wei Yang, Mingkun Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06744-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06744-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This biomechanical study aimed to investigate root fracture thresholds and stress distributions in surrounding tissue while extracting three types of impacted mandibular third molars (horizontal, vertical, and mesioangular impactions) under varying dental elevator loading conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mechanical tensile testing was conducted to determine the anisotropic properties and maximum fracture load of extracted teeth. Three-dimensional finite element models, reconstructed from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data, were used to simulate elevator-assisted extraction processes. Stress distributions and root fracture thresholds were analyzed under three loading modes (wedge, lever, and rotational force) at different abduction angles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Horizontal impactions demonstrated the lowest fracture resistance under lever forces (38.7-50.3 N), while vertical impactions exhibited the highest thresholds (110.3-342.2 N). Wedge forces showed angular dependence inversely correlated with fracture thresholds for horizontal impactions (76-174 N). Rotational moments maintained relatively stable thresholds across all impaction types (X-axis: 21-32 N·m, Y-axis: 20-40.8 N·m, Z-axis: 16.3-33.5 N·m). Surrounding tissue stress decreased with increasing abduction angles under lever and wedge forces (p < 0.05) but no significant directional correlation was observed under rotational moments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dentin anisotropy and elevator angulation significantly influence fracture mechanics. Clinical protocols should prioritize lever forces for vertical impactions (safety margin > 100 N), with wedge and rotational force more effective for horizontal impaction. The findings provide an important theoretical basis for oral surgeons in extracting impacted third molars and for the subsequent development of surgical path planning and intelligent reasoning systems by the research group.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12509397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral health interventions and strategies delivered by care workers to older people living in care homes: an overview of systematic reviews.","authors":"Julia Csikar, Sakina Edwebi, Karen Vinall-Collier, Alys Wyn Griffiths, Reena Devi, Judy Wright, Paul Wilson, Karen Spilsbury, Gail Va Douglas","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06943-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06943-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12509398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a non-contact screening approach for identifying oral function high-risk older adults using jaw movement and diadochokinetic performance.","authors":"Chen-Fu Hung, Min Hsu, Hsiu-Yueh Liu, Mong-Fong Horng, Chia-Chi Yang, Lan-Yuen Guo","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06725-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06725-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Identifying older adults at high risk of progressive oral functional decline is a critical public-health priority, as early decline often manifests initially as subtle swallowing difficulties. Standard diagnostic tools (e.g., VFSS, FEES) are invasive, whereas most existing screening methods assess only a single functional dimension. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a fully non-invasive, multidimensional screening approach that integrates high-resolution video-based jaw-movement analysis with diadochokinetic (DDK) performance to enable the early detection of older adults at risk.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eighty-nine participants aged 65-95 years were recruited from community care stations in Taiwan. Participants were classified as high risk for oral functional decline if they performed fewer than three swallows within 30 s on the repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST). The assessment included DDK performance and jaw movement analysis using video tracking. Logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors, followed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to evaluate diagnostic performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 89 participants (mean age = 77.6 years; 22 men), 41 (46%) met the RSST high-risk criterion. Female participants exhibited significantly faster jaw-movement velocities compared to male participants (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression confirmed age, DDK performance, and jaw-kinematic variables as independent predictors of high-risk status. A combined model of key DDK measures and average jaw-closing angular velocity achieved optimal discrimination (AUC = 0.83) and high sensitivity (0.95), outperforming individual predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents a practical, cost-effective, and non-contact screening method for early identification of oral function high risk in older adults. Integrating jaw movement with DDK performance offers high sensitivity, supporting potential use in early clinical interventions and community-based screening programs.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ISRCTN11010971 (https//www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN11010971). Registered on 17 April 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1568"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12509351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the effect of low torque and speed values on postoperative pain after root canal treatment: a randomised clinical trial.","authors":"Betül Karaağaç, Ahmet Demirhan Uygun","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06989-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06989-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12505691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a new irrigation solution -RISA- on removing calcium hydroxide from artificial standardized grooves in root canals - an in vitro study.","authors":"İpek Eraslan Akyüz, Salih Düzgün, Hüseyin Sinan Topçuoğlu","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06874-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06874-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective removal of intracanal drugs such as calcium hydroxide is important for the success of endodontic treatment and to prevent possible complications. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of modified salt solution (RISA), a new irrigation solution, in removing calcium hydroxide from artificial grooves in straight root canals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The root canals of 60 human maxillary central incisors were prepared using Reciproc R40 files (VDW) up to size 40/0.04, rinsed with 2 mL of 2.5% NaOCl after each pecking motion, and then the teeth were split longitudinally. A lateral groove in the apical part was prepared in each root half and filled with calcium hydroxide, the root halves were reassembled and samples were placed in Eppendorf tubes. Three groups were established according to the irrigation solutions: group 1, Etilendiamintetraacetic acid (EDTA); group 2, RISA; group 3, Citric acid. After the root canals were irrigated with the irrigation solutions in each group, irrigation activation was performed with the Ultra X ultrasonic device (1 min). The samples were removed from the Eppendorf tubes, divided into two halves, and examined under a 24× magnification microscope by the two evaluators. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 23. Fisher Freeman Halton Test was used to analyze categorical data (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There is no statistically significant difference between the score values ​​of the groups (p = 0.632).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RISA solution was similarly effective in removing calcium hydroxide compared to EDTA and citric acid solutions in the apical region.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1566"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12505819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A watch-summarize-question gamified learning approach for oral health: learning achievement, motivation, and flossing skills.","authors":"Ching-Yi Chang, Ming-Ching Wu, Jie Chi Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06888-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06888-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Flossing skills are critical to promoting oral health. While various technologies have been employed in previous research to teach flossing skills, their effectiveness remains unclear. To address this gap, this study proposed a Watch-Summarize-Question (WSQ) gamified learning approach to enhance oral health education with a focus on flossing skills. The study investigated the approach's impact on learning achievement, learning motivation, and flossing skills performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental study was adopted, with the experimental group using the WSQ gamified learning approach and the control group using a video-based learning method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that the WSQ gamified learning approach significantly improved learning achievement in flossing knowledge compared with the video-based learning method. However, both groups demonstrated comparable effects on learning motivation and flossing skills performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that the WSQ gamified learning approach is a promising strategy for oral health promotion. Educators are encouraged to integrate appropriate technologies and learning strategies to effectively enhance learners' flossing skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of sodium bicarbonate solution on tongue coating and oral hygiene in patients with heart failure: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Xiaona Li, Runyu Yang, Mei Lu, Xinkun Wang, Di Wu, Yongmei Chen, Ming Tao, Wenbi Yang, Jiamei Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06836-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06836-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>So far, the impact of sodium bicarbonate solution on the oral health status of patients with chronic heart failure has not been comprehensively investigated.This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate solution gargling in improving the tongue coating, oral hygiene, and oral health status of patients with heart failure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blind study included 108 heart failure patients, randomly assigned to three groups (n = 36 each).Group A received standard oral hygiene care and underwent monitoring for 7 days. Group B received standard oral hygiene care plus twice-daily gargling with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution (once in the morning and once before bedtime) for 7 days. Group C similarly received standard oral hygiene care but performed gargling five times daily (upon waking, before bedtime, and within 30 min after each meal) for the same duration. The evaluation focused on tongue coating status, oral bacterial colony count, oral plaque index scores, and overall oral health status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the first three days of the intervention, there were no significant differences in Winkel tongue coating index among groups A, B, and C (P > 0.05). However, from the fourth day onwards, the Winkel tongue coating index in groups B and C was significantly lower than that in group A (P < 0.05). By the sixth day, group C demonstrated significantly greater reduction in Winkel Tongue Coating Index scores compared to Group B (P < 0.05). On the seventh day of the intervention, statistically significant differences were observed in the number of oral bacterial colonies and dental plaque index among groups A, B, and C (P < 0.05). Significant differences in Beck Oral Assessment scores were observed among all three groups (A, B, and C) throughout the 7-day intervention period (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>sodium bicarbonate solution improves tongue coating, oral hygiene, and overall oral health in HF patients with good tolerability and safety.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study was retrospectively registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, Registration number ChiCTR2400094457. Reg Date20241223.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12509335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing and psychometric evaluation of an Instrument to assess patient's satisfaction from communication with dentist and dental care services based on SERVQUAL model.","authors":"Kimia Shariatzadeh, Ahmad Reza Shamshiri, Arefeh Riyahi, Mahdia Gholami","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06864-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06864-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Good communication between the patient and the dentist is one of the factors affecting patient satisfaction with the dental care received. The aim of this study was to design a Farsi instrument to determine patients' satisfaction with dental services and communication with the dentist based on the SERVQUAL model. The psychometric properties of the instrument were investigated on adult patients referred to the School of Dentistry at Tehran University of Medical Sciences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Questionnaires related to the topic were searched in 2021, and the appropriate items based on the domains of the SERVQUAL model were extracted. The items were revised and completed to develop the initial version of the instrument. Face validity and content validity of the instrument were assessed. The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were calculated subsequently. Convergent validity was evaluated by calculating the correlation between the instrument's domains and the Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ) using the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). Construct validity was examined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and percentage of agreement were employed to check the tool's reliability in terms of internal consistency and reproducibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The questionnaire had good content validity. (CVR ≥ 0.6, CVI ≥ 0.86), convergent validity (PCC of 0.68 between overall satisfaction based on the SERVQUAL instrument and DSQ, and construct validity (Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.83, Comparative Fit (CFI) = 0.92 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 0.006). The percentage of agreement of the items was in the range of %50-%76. The ICC for different domains of the instrument was estimated from 81 to 84%. Cronbach's alpha was 0.96.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The psychometric evaluation of the designed instrument showed that it was a valid and reliable tool in Farsi for determining the level of patients' satisfaction with the quality of dental services received and communication with the dentist.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12509370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}