BMC Oral Health最新文献

{"title":"Malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among individuals with down syndrome in Egypt: a multicentre cross-sectional study.","authors":"Hani AlSwafeeri, Nancy Bedwani, Mariam Badran, Nada Shehata, Hala Ahmed, Menna Allah Mohamed","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09995-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-09995-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with Down syndrome commonly present with a variety of craniofacial and dental anomalies that increase the prevalence of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment. Despite this, data regarding orthodontic needs in this population in the middle east, particularly in Egypt, remain limited.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>This study aimed to assess the patterns of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among individuals with Down syndrome.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 117 individuals with Down syndrome aged 12-25 years, who met the study's eligibility criteria, were recruited from specialized institutions in Egypt in a multi-centred cross-sectional study. Clinical examination included extraoral and intraoral assessment, occlusal analysis using Angle's classification, and assessment of the need for orthodontic treatment using Dental Health Component of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Additional data on oral hygiene, oral habits, and craniofacial features were recorded. Descriptive statistics were computed for all study variables. Qualitative (categorical) variables were presented as frequencies (n) and percentages (%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Class I molar relationship was the most common (41.0%), followed by Class II (29.9%) and Class III (29.1%). Anterior open bite (23.1%) and posterior crossbite (21.4%) were also frequently observed. Regarding orthodontic treatment need, 71.7% of participants demonstrated borderline to very great need (IOTN Grades 3-5), with 49.6% exhibiting great or very great need (Grades 4-5). Fair or poor oral hygiene was identified in 81.2% of participants. Mouth breathing was the most common oral habit (32.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with Down syndrome exhibit a high prevalence of malocclusion and a significant need for orthodontic treatment. Early orthodontic assessment, preventive strategies, and multidisciplinary management are essential to improve oral health outcomes in this population.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of local melatonin application on immediately placed implants in maxillary premolars (a biochemical and radiographic randomized controlled clinical trial).","authors":"Toka Moustafa Helal, Magda Mohamed Saleh, Dina M N Metawie","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09968-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09968-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Melatonin, a potent antioxidant and bone-regulating hormone, promotes osteoblastic activity and inhibits osteoclastic differentiation primarily through upregulation of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and suppression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) pathway. Given its dual osteogenic and antiresorptive effects, melatonin may enhance bone remodelling around immediately placed implants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of locally applied melatonin on peri-implant bone remodelling by assessing changes in OPG levels and radiographic bone parameters over time.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Twenty-four patients with non-restorable maxillary premolars were divided into two groups. The melatonin group received immediately placed implants with local melatonin application, and the control group received immediately placed implants without melatonin application. Serum OPG levels were measured one and three months postoperatively, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed immediately after implant placement and at six months postoperatively to assess relative bone density, bone volume, and marginal bone loss.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Biochemical findings: At one month, OPG levels were significantly higher in the melatonin group compared to the control group (p = 0.012). By 3 months, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.707). Radiographic findings: After six months, relative bone density was numerically higher in the melatonin group than in the control group, although the between-group difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.372). However, the percentage increase from baseline was significantly greater in the melatonin group (p = 0.002). Bone volume decreased in both groups, with a percent reduction in bone volume that was significantly smaller in the melatonin group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Marginal bone loss was significantly lower in the melatonin group compared to the control group (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Locally applied melatonin was associated with favourable early biochemical and radiographic outcomes, including a greater percentage increase in relative bone density from baseline, preservation of peri-implant bone volume, and reduced marginal bone loss.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The trial was retrospectively registered at the Clinicaltrials.gov registry (Registration ID #NCT07103564), first submitted on July 29, 2025 https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07103564 .</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological evaluation of three-dimensional rectangular grid plates in treatment of mandibular fractures: an experimental study.","authors":"Mohamed Mohsen Elbanna, Ibrahim H Ahmed, Mohamed Hassan Eid, Mohamed Elsholkamy, Mohamed Said Hamed","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09946-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09946-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim of the work: </strong>Evaluate the efficacy of 3D rectangular grid plates in treatment of mandibular fractures in comparison to the more commonly used locking plates.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>This experimental study was conducted on sixteen mature male Mongrel dogs (ranged from 1-2 years old), weighting about 15-20 kg each. A linear fracture was done using surgical sagittal saw with aid of mallet and chisel in the right side of the mandible in the premolar molar area for each animal of the study under general anesthesia. The animals were divided into two groups: Group A was fixated with 3D rectangular grid plate and six 7 mm monocortical screws and Group B was fixated with two locking plates; the inferior plates fixated with 11 mm bicortical screws and the superior one fixated with 7 mm monocortical screws. The bone formation and remodeling is assessed using histomorphometric analysis of bone biopsy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group A subjects showed significantly less bone formation than group B (26.78±4.3 vs 48.4±10.3 respectively in postoperative week 4 P<0.005 and 28.119±10.507 vs 51.109±11.348 respectively in postoperative week 12 P<0.005). The surface area of the fracture was also significantly lower in group A than in group B (0.317 ± 0.065 vs 0.485 ± 0.105 respectively in postoperative week 4 P<0.005 and 0.287 ± 0.105 vs 0.511 ± 0.115 respectively in postoperative week 12 P<0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fixation with 3D rectangular grid plates demonstrated a bone healing pattern characterized by closer fracture segment approximation and reduced callus formation, consistent with primary bone healing, as evidenced by histological and histomorphometric analysis, compared with locking plates.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149214968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of injectable platelet rich fibrin augmented with vitamin c compared to injectable platelet rich fibrin alone on healing of necrotic mature single rooted teeth with chronic periapical periodontitis following regenerative endodontic therapy (a randomized controlled trial).","authors":"Wesam Osama Hassan, Ahmed S ElSheshtawy, Manal Mohamed Abdelbaki, Geraldine M Ahmed","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09924-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09924-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the healing potential, postoperative pain and clinical normalcy associated with injectable platelet-rich fibrin combined with Vitamin C in regenerative endodontic procedure using cone-beam computed tomography and two-dimensional radiograph.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight healthy patients with mature permanent single-rooted teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis and chronic apical periodontitis were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 14). Regenerative endodontic treatment was performed using injectable platelet-rich fibrin combined with Vitamin C (intervention group) and injectable platelet-rich fibrin alone (control group). Periapical healing was assessed using CBCT and periapical radiographs over 12 months. Postoperative pain and clinical normalcy were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed significant lesion reduction at 12 months (P = 0.001), with no significant between-group differences in postoperative lesion size (P = 0.981) or reduction magnitude (P = 0.497). CBCT-PAI scores improved in both groups without significant intergroup differences at baseline or follow-up. Two-dimensional radiographs showed a baseline difference (P = 0.007) but no postoperative differences; both groups demonstrated significant longitudinal reduction (P < 0.001). Postoperative pain scores were comparable between groups at all time points (P > 0.05), with a significant temporal decrease observed only in the intervention group (P = 0.001). All teeth remained asymptomatic during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both i-PRF combined with vitamin C and i-PRF alone appear to be effective regenerative scaffolds, demonstrating comparable clinical and radiographic outcomes in regenerative endodontic procedures.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT05585359), registered on 14 October 2022. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05585359 .</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educational quality of YouTube content on healthcare waste management relevant to dentistry: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Filipe Lima Goetz Fagundes, Daniel Costa Magalhães da Cunha, João Victor Frazão Câmara, Aléxia Caroline Leandro da Conceição, Victor de Macedo Varela, Gisele Damiana da Silveira Pereira","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-10137-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-10137-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;YouTube has become a major source of educational content in healthcare, including topics related to dentistry and public health. However, the accuracy and educational reliability of videos addressing healthcare waste management relevant to dental practice remain uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the educational quality, credibility, and reliability of YouTube videos addressing healthcare waste management with relevance to dental practice, using the Global Quality Scale (GQS), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, and the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) instrument. Additionally, the influence of video source type and the correlation among the evaluation instruments were investigated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in June 2025 using Portuguese search terms related to healthcare waste management, including \"Resíduos de Serviço de Saúde,\" \"Resíduos Hospitalares,\" and \"Resíduos Odontológicos,\" to identify videos relevant to dental practice. A total of 180 YouTube videos were initially screened. After duplicate removal and application of inclusion criteria, 47 videos were included for final analysis. Two independent and calibrated reviewers assessed all videos using the Global Quality Scale (GQS), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria and modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) instrument. To account for the Brazilian regulatory context, particularly Resolution RDC No. 222/2018, the GQS, JAMA benchmark criteria, and mDISCERN were applied as contextually adapted applications of the original instruments, using study-specific operational definitions to guide the interpretation of selected criteria. These contextual adaptations preserved the general structure and scoring ranges of the instruments but may have altered the interpretation of some underlying constructs. Because these adaptations have not undergone independent psychometric validation, they should not be considered validated modifications of the original instruments, and the findings should be interpreted within the specific methodological context of the present study. Inter-rater reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive analyses were performed, followed by ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests to compare scores according to source type (academic institutions, organizations, healthcare professionals, and other users). Spearman's correlation test assessed associations among evaluation instruments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Excellent inter-rater agreement was observed (ICC = 0.946; 95% CI: 0.913-0.967; Cronbach's alpha = 0.913). Mean scores obtained using the contextually adapted applications indicated high quality of the assessed educational content according to the GQS (4.19 ± 0.78), moderate credibility/transparency (JAMA: 2.43 ± 1.06), and moderate reliability (m","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of guided botulinum toxin \"A\" injection to the masticatory muscles in the management of condylar and sub condylar fractures: a randomized controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Pakinam H Gheeta, Adham A Elashwah, Passent A Younis","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09906-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09906-y","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound guided injection of botulinum toxin A into the muscles of mastication; the masseter, temporalis and the lateral pterygoid, in a closed reduction approach of condylar and sub-condylar fractures, to optimize fracture reduction, reduce the length of intermaxillary fixation (IMF) and to facilitate postoperative functional recovery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Sixteen medically healthy patients aged 18-35 years, presenting with unilateral subcondylar fracture were randomly assigned into two groups. The randomized controlled clinical trial was completed after recruitment, intervention, and follow up of all participants. The Study group (A) underwent an intervention involving ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin (BTX) injection into the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle (LPM), the Temporalis and the Masseter muscles, followed by the closed reduction treatment of the fracture, compared to the control group (B) that underwent conventional treatment method; the closed reduction approach without any BTX injections.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Pain scores were significantly lower in the study group (A), especially after the botulinum toxin injection (p &lt; 0.001*) which subsequently led to a significantly shorter operation time (p &lt; 0.001*) in the study group compared with the control group (B). Following surgery, mouth opening improved significantly over time in both groups (p &lt; 0.001*); however, the study group showed significantly greater improvement at 14 days (31.44 ± 2.72 mm versus 14.46 ± 3.24 mm, in the control group; p &lt; 0.001*) and at 6 weeks postoperatively, (38.02 ± 3.26 mm versus 17.88 ± 4.49 mm; p &lt; 0.001*) respectively. Regarding structural outcomes, patients in the study group demonstrated significantly better postoperative reduction accuracy, with lower angulation values (p &lt; 0.02*) immediately postoperative and at 6 months compared with the control group. Finally, bone density at the fracture line increased significantly over time in both groups (p &lt; 0.001*), however no significant difference was noted comparing both groups together (p = 0.37).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The addition of guided botulinum toxin A to the closed reduction protocols for subcondylar fractures significantly reduces postoperative pain and operative duration while optimizing alignment accuracy and functional mobility recovery. Given that bone healing remains uncompromised, this approach serves as an efficient, reliable alternative that directly improves patient outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trial status: &lt;/strong&gt;Completed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trial registration: &lt;/strong&gt;The study was initially designed and ethically approved as an institutional clinical investigation. Trial registration was subsequently undertaken upon recognition of the importance of public trial registration in promoting transparency and facilitating dissemination of the study findings. The study protocol, eligibilit","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of mechanical surface pretreatment, acid conditioning, and adhesive strategy on the repair microtensile bond strength of hydrolytically aged short fiber-reinforced resin composite: an in vitro study.","authors":"Mohammed Nasser M Anwar, Dina Kamal, Heba Mohamed Ahmed Al-Sanafawy","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09956-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09956-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effect of different mechanical surface pretreatment methods, acid conditioning protocols, and adhesive strategies on the repair microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and failure-mode distribution of hydrolytically aged short fiber-reinforced resin composite (SFRC).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 144 SFRC specimens were hydrolytically aged in artificial saliva for 3 months and randomly allocated to 12 experimental groups (n = 12) according to mechanical surface pretreatment (air abrasion or diamond bur roughening), acid conditioning (37% phosphoric acid or 9.5% hydrofluoric acid), and adhesive strategy (universal adhesive only, silane + universal adhesive, or Acid Resistant Silane [ARS]-containing adhesive). Following the repair procedures, beam-shaped specimens were subjected to µTBS testing and stereomicroscopic failure-mode analysis. Data were analyzed using three-way factorial ANOVA to evaluate the main effects and interactions of mechanical surface pretreatment, acid conditioning, adhesive strategy on µTBS, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test for pairwise comparisons. Failure-mode data were summarized at the composite-disc level and analyzed using the Monte Carlo permutation chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three-way factorial ANOVA demonstrated significant main effects of acid conditioning and adhesive strategy (both p < 0.001), whereas the main effect of mechanical surface pretreatment was not significant (p = 0.100). Significant two-way interactions were observed between the treatment factors, whereas the three-way interaction was not significant (p = 0.644). The Air abrasion + Phosphoric acid + Universal adhesive protocol demonstrated the highest µTBS value (46.87 ± 4.44 MPa) and predominantly cohesive failures. In contrast, hydrofluoric acid-treated protocols demonstrated significantly lower µTBS values and predominantly adhesive failures. Additional silane application and use of an ARS-containing adhesive did not significantly improve repair bond strength.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A simplified repair protocol combining mechanical surface pretreatment, phosphoric acid conditioning, and universal adhesive application provided favorable repair performance for aged SFRC. Hydrofluoric acid conditioning was associated with lower repair bond strength, while neither additional silanization nor the use of an ARS-containing adhesive provided a significant bond-strength advantage.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Simplifying the repair procedure may reduce the number of clinical steps and associated technique sensitivity, potentially facilitating chairside repair of aged SFRC restorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CT-based 3D morphometric reference data on osseous TMJ subunits in a European cohort: relevance for patient-specific implant research.","authors":"Sönke Maximilian Braß, Christoph Schinzel, Rijahd Sahmer Boustani, Max Lukas Linderkamp, Michael-Tobias Neuhaus, Fritjof Lentge, Nils-Claudius Gellrich, Philippe Korn, Philipp Jehn","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-10090-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-10090-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patient-specific alloplastic prostheses are increasingly used for reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). However, the extent to which articulating implant components should reflect native osseous TMJ morphology remains unresolved. This study used CT-derived three-dimensional (3D) virtual-digital surface models to analyze osseous TMJ subunits in humans and provide morphometric reference data for future patient-specific TMJ implant research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective exploratory study, 97 computed tomography (CT) scans from Hannover Medical School were analyzed. High-quality 3D virtual-digital models of the articulating TMJ subunits, including the mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa, were generated and used to measure relevant TMJ parameters. Parameters were compared according to sex and age, and correlation analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Morphometric variability was observed among the osseous TMJ subunits. Men showed larger medial-lateral diameters of the mandibular condyle, greater articular tubercle height, and larger zygomatic arch root dimensions. Women showed a larger anterior-posterior diameter of the glenoid fossa. Middle-aged participants showed a larger anterior-posterior diameter of the mandibular condyle and larger sagittal dimensions of the zygomatic arch root compared with young-aged participants. Correlation analysis revealed associations between selected parameters, particularly between zygomatic arch root diameter and articular tubercle height.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides CT-based 3D morphometric reference data on osseous TMJ subunits in a European cohort. The findings indicate inter-individual morphometric variability and exploratory sex- and age-related differences in selected parameters. These data may provide anatomical reference information for future patient-specific TMJ implant research. However, the present study does not evaluate implant fit, mandibular kinematics, biomechanical performance, or clinical outcomes. Therefore, the translational relevance of these findings requires further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13654219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A biomimetic 3D printed gradient tri-layered scaffold stimulating osteochondral differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells for mandibular condyle regeneration.","authors":"Shaimaa H Dawood, Dalia I Sherief, Iman A Fathy, Reem Magdy Khallaf, Dalia I El-Korashy","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09899-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-09899-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to fabricate and assess the physical, mechanical, and in vitro biological properties of 3D printed single-layered scaffolds that simulate cartilage, calcified cartilage, and subchondral bone tissue. As well as a tri-layered osteochondral scaffold with a gradient composition and porosity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six groups were fabricated using a masked stereolithography-based 3D printer. The cartilage group consisted of polylactic acid (PLA)/ 2% hyaluronic acid (HA) with the smallest pores and percentage porosity. The calcified cartilage group comprised PLA/ 2% HA/10% nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). Subchondral bone scaffold was formed of PLA/ 25% nHAp with the largest pore size and % porosity. The three scaffold designs were assembled to create the tri-layered group. There were two control groups. A total of 683 scaffolds were 3D printed. Tensile strength, compressive strength, moduli, and interfacial adhesion strength were evaluated at 24 h and 30 days. The biodegradation % of different scaffolds was assessed after 7, 14, and 28 days. Cell viability was assessed through cell counting, cell adhesion, and H & E staining. Cell differentiation was assessed using fast green/safranin O, alizarin red staining, and immunofluorescence after coculturing with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem at 7, 14, and 21 days. Data were statistically analyzed at p ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The tensile strengths and moduli of the PLA/2%HA and PLA/25% nHAp scaffolds resembled those of normal cartilage and trabecular bone, respectively. The tri-layered scaffold exhibited strong interfacial adhesion strength and demonstrated 13.68% weight loss after 30 days. The tri-layered scaffold exhibited a stiffness gradient, supporting biological responses consistent with chondrogenic differentiation on the more flexible side of the scaffold and osteogenic differentiation on the stiffer side. It demonstrated evidence of both chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Incorporation of HA and nHAp, as well as variations in porosity, significantly impacted scaffolds' properties.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings suggested the potential of the fabricated scaffolds for medical and maxillofacial regenerative applications, particularly for repairing cartilage, bone, and osteochondral defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13654234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of photon radiotherapy on microleakage and microhardness of nanohybrid resin composite restoration: an in vitro study.","authors":"Manar Ahmed Khedr, Yasser Fathy Hussien, Mostafa A Hashem, Reem Gamal","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09873-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-09873-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Photon radiotherapy (RT) is widely used in the management of head and neck cancer (HNC) and may affect dental restorative materials. However, limited evidence is available regarding its effects on nanohybrid resin composite (RC) restorations. This research aimed to assess the impact of photon radiation treatment on microleakage (ML) and microhardness (MH) of nanohybrid RC restorations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 54 samples were randomly divided into three groups (18 sample each): a control group (non-irradiated) and two RT groups exposed to 50 Gy (Gy) and 70 Gy of photon radiation. The radiation doses were delivered as a single dose, and post-irradiation assessments were performed immediately after irradiation. For ML, 30 extracted bovine incisors (n = 10 per group) were standardized, prepared with Class V cavities, and restored using a nanohybrid RC (Grandio, VOCO GmbH, Germany). Microleakage was assessed by dye penetration at the restoration interface using a stereomicroscope. For MH, 24 disc shaped composite samples (n = 8 per group) were evaluated using the Vickers MH test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median ML scores were 1.0, 1.0, and 2.0 for groups I, II, III, respectively (p = 0.029), while the median ML percentages were 17.93%, 24.75%, and 46.71%, respectively (p = 0.003). Before irradiation, mean MH values were 52.39 ± 2.41, 52.53 ± 1.51, and 52.23 ± 2.03, respectively (p = 0.959). Immediately after irradiation, these values increased to 53.60 ± 1.09, 62.90 ± 3.09, and 72.20 ± 5.53, respectively (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Under the conditions of this in vitro study, photon RT was associated with increased ML at 70 Gy of nanohybrid RC, whereas MH significantly increased following irradiation at both 50 and 70 Gy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}