BMC Oral Health最新文献

{"title":"Changes in upper airway morphology and respiratory function of adolescent patients with mandibular retrognathism treated with clear aligner mandibular advancement: a prospective study.","authors":"Tianlu Jiang, Yizhe Qi, Yueying Zhang, Yusen Du, Qiuyue Wu, Hua Xiao, Kangping He, Jiajing Zheng, Zuolin Jin, Feifei Li","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06284-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06284-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to analyze three-dimensional and sleep-breathing data of adolescent patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion and mandibular retrognathism to explore the effects of clear aligner mandibular advancement (MA) treatment on airway morphology and respiratory function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cone beam computed tomography data of 27 patients with mandibular retrognathism (average age, 12.25 ± 1.50 years; 11 male and 16 female patients) were prospectively collected at the beginning (T0) and end (T1; treatment duration, 11.36 ± 1.48 months) of the MA treatment. A three-dimensional model of the hyoid bone, soft palate, tongue, and upper airway was reconstructed using Dolphin 11.9 software. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to analyze the contribution of lateral and anteroposterior diameters to the volume and cross-sectional area of the airway. Sleep-breathing data collected from 22 patients using portable polysomnography were analyzed using the RemLogic software. Paired-sample t-tests were used to compare relevant morphological and respiratory function parameters before and after MA treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After clear aligner MA treatment, the measurement of the angle of the soft palate was decreased, whereas the length of the soft palate, vertical distance of the hyoid bone, length and thickness of the tongue, and parameters of the upper airway and each segment increased, except for the anteroposterior diameter of the nasopharyngeal plane. The increase in the anteroposterior diameter contributed more to the increase in volume and cross-sectional area than that in the lateral diameter, except for the nasopharyngeal plane. Regarding respiratory function, the measurement of the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) and supine AHI decreased, whereas the average blood oxygen saturation increased (all P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, clear aligner MA treatment may be beneficial for the upper airway morphology and respiratory function as it might morphologically relax the soft palate and expand the upper airway volume, reduce the AHI, and increase the SpO₂ in terms of respiratory function. These changes are beneficial to the growth and development of adolescent patients with Class II malocclusion and mandibular retrognathism.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"975"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of single-dose diode laser photobiomodulation on orthodontic pain following initial archwire placement: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Amin Golshah, Azadeh Kazemisaleh, Fatemeh Azizi, Amin Hossein Nejad","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06326-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06326-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study assessed the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) through single-dose diode 940 nm laser on pain after initial archwire placement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This parallel-design clinical trial with 1:1 allocation ratio was conducted on 120 orthodontic patients with Class I molar relationship and 3-6 mm crowding, or overbite. Orthodontic brackets had been previously placed by an orthodontist. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 40) of PBM, placebo (laser in off mode), and control (no intervention). Right after initial archwire placement, patients in PBM group underwent 940 nm laser irradiation with 32 J/cm² energy density in contact mode, and five areas were irradiated. Laser in off mode was used for the placebo group. The level of pain experienced by patients after archwire placement was recorded subjectively by using a visual analog scale (VAS). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) was filled out by patients after 7 days to assess the correlation of personal traits with actual pain. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test, independent t-test, ANOVA, and ANCOVA (alpha = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Type of intervention had no significant effect on VAS pain score (P = 0.654) although slightly lower pain was recorded in the PBM group. Location of orthodontic wire placement (maxilla/mandible) had no significant effect on the pain score (P = 0.780), although the mean pain score in the mandible was slightly higher than that in the maxilla.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the present study, PBM delivered using a single-session 940 nm diode laser had no significant effect on pain after initial placement of orthodontic archwires.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Trial registration number: IRCT20230603058377N1. Retrospectively registered. Registration date: 08/07/2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the bone structure surrounding photofunctionalized implants using the fractal analysis method: a split-mouth randomized clinical study.","authors":"Hamed Farsiani, Nilsun Bagis, Elif Polat Balkan, Fatma Karacaoglu, Zülal Deniz Güner, Kaan Orhan","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06330-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06330-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Implant failure may necessitate another surgical procedure to improve implant survival. Photofunctionalization(PF) with UV light is a promising method to enhance dental implant osseointegration. The study evaluates the effect of the PF on bone quality around the implants using Fractal Dimension Analysis (FDA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 42 implants were placed in a split-mouth design and evaluated using FDA on panoramic radiographs taken pre- and post-operatively. Regions of interest (25 × 25 pixels) were analyzed using ImageJ. Statistical analysis used SPSS 26 with a 95% confidence level. Shapiro-Wilk test confirmed non-normal distribution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant increase in Fractal dimension(FD) values was observed in the test group between pre- and post-operative images (p = 0.044). The control group showed a non-significant increase (p = 0.794).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PF appears to enhance osseointegration by improving bone microstructure as shown by increased FD values. FDA is a reliable imaging-based proxy for evaluating implant-related bone changes.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Current Controlled Trials NCT06821932 (Retrospectively registered) ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06821932 /2025-02-11).</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan nanogels enriched with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating growth factor promote odontoblastic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells in vitro.","authors":"Bahar Asheghi, Khatereh Asadi, Ahmad Gholami, Maryam Enteghad, Seyedeh Saba Sadeghi, Negin Firouzi","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06185-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06185-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanomaterials and regeneration-inducing microenvironments are key components of innovative regenerative endodontic treatment (RET). This study aimed to assess the odontogenic potential of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating growth factor (GM-CSF) loaded chitosan nanogels (CNgs) on dental pulp stem cell (DPSCs) culture. GM-CSF/CNgs were prepared through the ionic gelation method and then characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential devices. Acridine orange (AO) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were used to evaluate cellular morphology and viability. The odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation was determined by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physicochemical characterization confirmed that the GM-CSF/CNgs were prepared. The loading efficiency was 82.9 ± 2. Significant biocompatibility and no apparent nuclear fragmentation upon exposure to GM-CSF/CNgs and CNgs were observed. Quantifying the expression of dental pulp regeneration associated with genes including osteocalcin gene (OCN), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) between GM-CSF/CNgs and control groups was significant (p < 0.001). Morphology of DPSCs in contact with GM-CSF/CsNgs demonstrated odontogenic differentiation. GM-CSF/CNgs promoted a bioinspired drug delivery system (DDS) and induced dental pulp regeneration of DPSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"965"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidisciplinary management of skeletal class III malocclusion with unilateral condylar hyperplasia and missing mandibular first molar: a case report.","authors":"Wenzhen Gao, Lanxin Zhang, Yongyao Wu, Yiting Ze, Chenchen Zhou, Qing Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06346-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06346-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of polymerization behaviors, microhardness and compressive strength between bulk-fill resin and dual-cured core resin.","authors":"Hye Jeong Kim, Jiyoung Kwon, Hyun-Jung Kim, Reuben H Kim, Duck-Su Kim, Ji-Hyun Jang","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06353-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06353-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the polymerization shrinkage, microhardness, DOC, and compressive strength of composite resin materials employed for core restoration, encompassing dual-cured core resin composites and LC bulk-fill composites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bulk-fill resin composites [Filtek One Bulk fill (BFO), Bulk Fill Base (BBB), Metafil Bulkfill One (BMF)] and dual-cured core resin composites (Luxacore Z, Any-Core) served as the experimental group, while two conventional LC resin composites [Filtek Z350 (FTZ), metafil flo (FMF)] served as the control group. Two dual-cured core resin composites were named as follows, CLD, CLS (Luxacore Z, in dual-cured mode and self-cured (SC) mode); CAD and CAS (Any-Core, in dual-cured mode and SC mode). Linear polymerization shrinkage, depth of cure (DOC) using microhardness, and compressive strength were evaluated for each experimental group. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and a post-hoc test (Duncan's test) was performed at a 95% confidence level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The linear polymerization shrinkage rate was higher in the dual-pol9ymerization core resin group than in the control group FTZ and bulk-fill resin groups, and in each dual-cured core resin, the dual-cured group was higher than the SC group. The DOC was higher in the bulk-fill resin group than in the control group, and the DOC of the dual-cured core resin group showed a significant variation depending on the product. The compressive strength of the bulk-fill resin group showed a significant variation depending on the product. The compressive strength in the bulk-fill resin group was higher as the filler content increased in the dual-cured mode than the SC mode in the dual-cured core resin group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bulk-fill resins showed superior polymerization shrinkage and DOC compared to conventional resin composites and dual-cured core resins. At 4 mm depth, Bulk-fill resin composites achieved an appropriate DOC, but for dual-cured core resins, the DOC varied depending on the product.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Highly filled bulk-fill resins could be a predictable restorative material for deep cavities and post-endodontic core material, considering its polymerization shrinkage, DOC, and mechanical properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"972"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of concentrated growth factor compared with other types of regenerative endodontic procedures: a systematic review.","authors":"Manahil Almutairi, Nabeel Almotairy, Badi Alotaibi","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06358-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06358-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the regenerative ability of concentrated growth factor (CGF) during endodontic treatment compared with other regenerative procedures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and Ovid MEDLINE databases were systematically searched to identify studies that examined the use of regenerative endodontic therapy (RET) utilizing CGF for patients, animals, or extracted human teeth. The risk of bias was assessed using the JBI tool for clinical studies, QUIN tool for in vitro studies, and SYRCLE tool for animal studies. The study results were qualitatively synthesized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 311 studies were initially retrieved from the databases. Ultimately, nine studies were included (three randomized clinical trials, two retrospective studies, three in vitro studies, and one in vivo animal study). The risk of bias was low in two studies and moderate in seven studies. Compared with other types of regenerative procedures, CGF has a similar influence on root dentinal thickness and apical foramen width. The clinical success rate was also comparable among the investigated regenerative procedures. The influence of CGF on human pulpal/apical papilla stem cells was similar to that of other types of regenerative procedures. However, the effect of CGF was enhanced when it was combined with transforming growth factor beta 1. The use of CGF in animals also exerted radiographic, histological, and immunohistochemical effects similar to those of exerted by other regenerative procedures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with other regenerative procedures, CGF resulted in similar radiographic changes after the RET of necrotic permanent teeth. Similarly, CGF-conditioned medium enhanced stem cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation, with no apparent differences from other endodontic regenerative procedures. However, the interpretation of these findings is limited by the heterogeneity of included studies, variations in RET protocols, and the lack of long-term clinical outcome data.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"974"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring dentists' experiences of endodontic file fracture during root canal treatment: a phenomenological study.","authors":"Mohammad Rastegar Khosravi, Zhina Banafshi, Rayan Ebrahimi, Rostam Jalali","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06340-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06340-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>File fracture represents a common and occasionally unavoidable occurrence during root canal procedures, carrying substantial negative implications for dental practitioners. This study explores dentists' encounters with file fracture incidents during root canal treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this qualitative study using a phenomenological approach, 13 dentists were included through purposive sampling. The sampling continued until data saturation and semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect data. The 7-step Colaizzi approach was employed to analyze the collected data, and Lincoln and Guba's criteria were used to ensure data credibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participant cohort comprised eight male and five female dentists, boasting an average of 10.15 ± 5.35 years of professional experience and an average age of 36.53 ± 6.35 years. Data segmentation revealed four themes alongside 18 sub-themes. These themes encompassed the fear of consequences, professional impasse, Integration decline, and the dilemma between moral and immoral decision-making.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The experiences of dentists during file fracture showed Fear of Consequences, Professional Impasse, Integration Decline, and the Dilemma between Moral and Immoral Decision-Making. File fracture episodes are distressing and taxing for dentists, harboring significant personal and professional repercussions. Such incidents precipitate emotional strain, compromise treatment efficacy, tarnish professional standing and identity, result in financial setbacks, and contribute to professional burnout. Consequently, policymakers must implement several measures, including strengthening legal and insurance protections, establishing secure reporting systems, developing a comprehensive, standardized, and practical document by the endodontic association, and mandating informed consent forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the efficacy of topical interventions for pain management in oral lichen planus: a time-stratified bayesian network analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Yuanmei Zhang, Chenhao Mao, Juanfang Zhu, Wenli Yang, Yanli Wang, Weiwei Yu, Jing Wang, Na Li, Jia Guo, Qi Zhang, Yi Zhou, Mengdong Peng, Yining Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06120-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06120-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The evaluation of short-term pain relief provided by newly developed drugs for the treatment of oral lichen planus is currently limited. The primary aim of this study was to establish a clinically relevant hierarchy among different treatments in terms of their effectiveness for short-term pain control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, WanFang database, and Cochrane databases were searched up to January 2025. A Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted using Stata/SE 15.1 software. The primary outcome was the reduction in pain severity, and the secondary outcome was the improvement in clinical sign scores. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the risk of bias, and confidence in network meta-analysis(CINeMA) was employed to evaluate the confidence in evidence. NMA was performed in Stata within a frequentist framework, and heterogeneity and inconsistency were assessed. Heterogeneity, inconsistency, and sensitivity were analyzed, with comprehensive efficacy rankings derived from surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-four randomized trials (2,839 participants) evaluating 24 interventions were included. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressants demonstrated significant efficacy in pain control and sign score improvement. Topical laser therapy and plant-based agents (e.g. Chamomile) emerged as effective alternatives, particularly for early-to-mid stage symptom management.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the evidence, highly effective topical corticosteroids are preferred, and immunosuppressants can be used when corticosteroids are ineffective or cause adverse effects, both in terms of pain control and sign score reduction. Phototherapy and botanicals offer favorable safety profiles for sustained use. Future research should focus on exploring more effective administration methods and combination therapies with fewer side effects.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>This NMA provides a time-dependent therapeutic hierarchy for oral lichen planus management, addressing gaps in comparative effectiveness evidence. While limitations exist in long-term outcome data, findings support personalized treatment sequences based on symptom severity and treatment phase.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The systematic review protocol has been registered in advance with the PROSPERO database (CRD42020197486).</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"962"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convolutional neural network for maxillary sinus segmentation based on the U-Net architecture at different planes in the Chinese population: a semantic segmentation study.","authors":"Jiayi Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06408-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06408-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/purpose: </strong>The development of artificial intelligence has revolutionized the field of dentistry. Medical image segmentation is a vital part of AI applications in dentistry. This technique can assist medical practitioners in accurately diagnosing diseases. The detection of the maxillary sinus (MS), such as dental implants, tooth extraction, and endoscopic surgery, is important in the surgical field. The accurate segmentation of MS in radiological images is a prerequisite for diagnosis and treatment planning. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of applying a CNN algorithm based on the U-Net architecture to facilitate MS segmentation of individuals from the Chinese population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 300 CBCT images in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes were used in this study. These images were divided into a training set and a test set at a ratio of 8:2. The marked regions (maxillary sinus) were labelled for training and testing in the original images. The training process was performed for 40 epochs using a learning rate of 0.00001. Computation was performed on an RTX GeForce 3060 GPU. The best model was retained for predicting MS in the test set and calculating the model parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The trained U-Net model achieved yield segmentation accuracy across the three imaging planes. The IoU values were 0.942, 0.937 and 0.916 in the axial, sagittal and coronal planes, respectively, with F1 scores across all planes exceeding 0.95. The accuracies of the U-Net model were 0.997, 0.998, and 0.995 in the axial, sagittal and coronal planes, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The trained U-Net model achieved highly accurate segmentation of MS across three planes on the basis of 2D CBCT images among the Chinese population. The AI model has shown promising application potential for daily clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}