BMC Oral Health最新文献

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of multimodal large language models in detecting pulp stones on panoramic radiographs.","authors":"Bianca Marques de Mattos de Araujo, Maria Eduarda Cavassin, Allan Abuabara, Maria Luisa Giacon, Luiz Fernando Fariniuk, Christian Kirschneck, Michelle Nascimento Meger, Rafaela Scariot, Flares Baratto-Filho, Erika Calvano Küchler","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-10119-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-10119-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulp stones are calcified structures within the dental pulp that may increase the complexity of endodontic treatment and are commonly identified through radiographic examinations. Despite recent advances in artificial intelligence applied to dental imaging, the diagnostic capability of publicly available multimodal large language models (LLMs) for detecting pulp stones under zero-shot conditions remains unclear. Therefore, this study evaluated the diagnostic performance and response consistency of multimodal LLMs in detecting pulp stones on panoramic radiographs of posterior teeth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This comparative and exploratory study evaluated the GPT-5 and Gemini 2.5 Flash multimodal LLMs using panoramic radiograph image crops containing posterior teeth. A total of 64 image crops, comprising 192 posterior teeth, were analyzed. The models were tested under standardized zero-shot conditions using independent sessions and a standardized English-language prompt. Each image was submitted six times to both models to assess response consistency. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1-score with 95% confidence intervals. Intra-model consistency was assessed using majority agreement, complete agreement across repetitions, and Fleiss' Kappa coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The models demonstrated similar overall accuracy for binary detection of pulp stones, with 56.5% for ChatGPT and 57.0% for Gemini. ChatGPT showed high specificity (96.2%) and greater intra-model stability, whereas Gemini demonstrated higher sensitivity (81.8%) and superior performance in identifying the affected tooth and dental group. However, Gemini also presented lower specificity and greater variability across repeated evaluations. Fleiss' Kappa coefficients indicated low intra-model agreement beyond chance for both models, particularly for Gemini.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multimodal LLMs demonstrated limited capability in detecting pulp stones on panoramic radiographs, with distinct diagnostic profiles between the evaluated models. Although the findings suggest potential future applications of LLMs as auxiliary tools for dental image interpretation, their current performance does not yet support consistent clinical applicability for pulp stone detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attenuation of cyclophosphamide toxicity by protective effects of curcumin in albino rats model.","authors":"Noura Mohammed Bakr, Abeer Abdel Maksoud, Nehad Abdelmawgoud Ahmad","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09975-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09975-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chemotherapy primarily treats cancer by using drugs to kill cancer cells. Curcumin, a natural adjuvant, shows promise in preventing side effects.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study seeks to determine curcumin's protective effect against cyclophosphamide toxicity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-one male albino rats were used in this study, divided into three groups of seven. Group I received daily oral saline. Group II was given a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg) after seven days of saline with 0.5% CMC. Group III received CP (200 mg/kg) on day seven following seven days of CUR (30 mg/kg/day). At the experiment's conclusion, the rats were euthanized under anesthesia, and their parotid salivary glands were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The control group showed normal architecture. In group II, histological changes included necrosis of serous acini, striated duct, and atrophy of some acini cells. Group III displayed slight improvement in cell architecture. Cytochrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study examined Curcumin's role in preventing Cyclophosphamide-induced changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149214974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary species-dependent growth responses of selected oral bacteria to e-cigarette Liquids and aerosol extracts: a single-species in vitro study.","authors":"Abedelmalek Kalefh Tabnjh, Guglielmo Campus, Sara Alizadehgharib, Anna Lehrkinder, Peter Lingström","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-10025-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-10025-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increased use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has raised concern regarding their potential impact on oral health. E-liquids contain a complex mixture of chemical constituents that may influence the growth of selected oral bacterial species under controlled in vitro conditions. However, comparative data evaluating commercial flavour categories, labelled nicotine concentrations, aerosol extracts, and undiluted e-liquids across both cariogenic and commensal oral bacteria remain limited. This study aimed to provide a preliminary assessment of growth responses of selected oral bacteria representing cariogenic, acid-tolerant, early-colonising, and health-associated species to e-cigarette aerosol extracts and e-liquids with different commercial flavour labels and nicotine concentrations under controlled single-species conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this in vitro study, aerosol extracts derived from 18 e-liquids with varying commercial flavour labels and nicotine concentrations (0, 14, and 20-25 mg/mL) were tested against selected oral bacterial species. Two independent bacterial cultures were evaluated, with three analytical replicates per condition within each biological repeat. Single-species planktonic growth was monitored over 48 h, and area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated. Growth-inhibitory activity of aerosol extracts and undiluted e-liquids was evaluated using an agar disk diffusion assay. The pH of undiluted e-liquids was also assessed as a semi-quantitative screening measure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Descriptively, most AUC means at the product level were below the untreated growth control, with species-dependent magnitudes of change; the largest reduction was observed for Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii). No consistent pattern was observed across commercial flavour categories or labelled nicotine concentrations. In the separate Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) direct-exposure experiment, mean AUCs were 72.5-82.5% lower than the untreated growth control, and undiluted e-liquids produced zones of growth inhibition in the agar diffusion assay, particularly in flavoured formulations. Approximate pH screening values ranged from 4.0 to 5.0.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These preliminary observations suggest species-dependent growth responses to e-cigarette aerosol extracts and marked growth inhibition by undiluted e-liquids under the tested conditions. Because biological replication was limited (n = 2) and the chemical composition and storage stability of the aerosol extracts were not analytically verified, the findings should be interpreted descriptively and require confirmation in larger, chemically characterised, clinically relevant biofilm models.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and oral hygiene-related correlates of self-reported dentin hypersensitivity among Egyptian adults: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Dalia Ghalwash, Ahmed Hamdy, Shehad Wael, Al-Hassan Diab, Ahmed Ammar","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09900-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09900-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a prevalent clinical condition characterized by pain arising from exposed dentin in response to external stimuli. Despite its clinical relevance, epidemiological data from Egypt and the Middle East remain limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, symptom characteristics, and oral hygiene-related correlates of self-reported dentin hypersensitivity among Egyptians adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 370 Egyptian adults recruited from multiple governorates between January and August 2025. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire that underwent expert review, pilot testing, and reliability assessment. Information regarding self-reported dentin hypersensitivity, triggering stimuli, oral hygiene habits, behavioral factors, and sociodemographic characteristics was obtained. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explore factors associated with self-reported gingival recession and frequent or persistent dentin hypersensitivity symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Self-reported dentin hypersensitivity was reported by 86 participants, yielding an overall prevalence of 23.2% (95% CI: 19.2-27.8%). The most common trigger was cold stimuli, and the most common symptom pattern was intermittent discomfort. Most participants reporting hypersensitivity were younger adults, although no significant association with sex was observed. Self-reported gingival recession was reported by 27.9% of participants with dentin hypersensitivity. Multivariable regression analyses did not identify significant independent predictors of self-reported gingival recession or frequent/persistent hypersensitivity symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Self-reported dentin hypersensitivity affected nearly one-quarter of surveyed Egyptian adults, with cold-triggered symptoms predominating. The absence of strong independent predictors supports the multifactorial nature of dentin hypersensitivity. These findings provide region-specific epidemiological data and highlight the need for future studies incorporating standardized clinical assessment to validate self-reported symptoms and further investigate associated factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green-synthesized nanoparticles for glass ionomer cement reinforcement: a systematic review of their antimicrobial, mechanical, and physicochemical properties.","authors":"Maged Mohamed, Hager Fawzy, Shahd Mahmoud, Mohamed Hani, Mohamed Abd El-Aal, Mohammad Asharf, Enas Elwakeel, Amr Azab, Dina Abozaid","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09657-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-09657-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This systematic review critically evaluates the antimicrobial performance, mechanical properties, and fluoride release of glass ionomer cements (GICs) modified exclusively with green-synthesized nanoparticles. The review highlights how eco-friendly nanoparticle production influences material behavior and clinical applicability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases to identify in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reporting on GICs incorporated with green synthesized nanoparticles. Inclusion criteria were based on nanoparticle synthesis method, outcomes, and material characterization. Data extraction, quality assessment, and synthesis followed PRISMA guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. Green-synthesized nanoparticles derived from plant and biological extracts consistently enhanced antibacterial activity through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, membrane disruption, ion release, and biofilm inhibition. Improvements in compressive strength, microhardness, and fluoride release were observed for several nanoparticle formulations, particularly chitosan-titania-zirconia-hydroxyapatite and plant-mediated hydroxyapatite. However, variability in synthesis routes, nanoparticle concentrations, and characterization protocols limited direct comparison across studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Green-synthesized nanoparticles significantly improve the antimicrobial and mechanical properties of GICs while offering enhanced biocompatibility and sustainability compared to chemically synthesized nanomaterials. Standardized synthesis, precise nanoparticle characterization, and clinical validation are essential to advance the integration of green nanotechnology in restorative dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hygroscopic behaviour and colour stability of 3D-printed and thermoformed aligner materials: an in vitro study.","authors":"Jule Kolb, Sebastian Wille, Oral Cenk Aktas, Sinan Şen, Kathrin Puchert","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09977-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-09977-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Directly 3D-printed aligner materials have recently emerged as an alternative to established thermoformed clear aligners. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the colour stability, water sorption, and water solubility of directly 3D-printed aligner materials in comparison with an established thermoformed reference, as these properties are essential for clinical performance but currently insufficiently investigated for directly 3D-printed aligners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tera Harz TC-85DAC, Freeprint Aligner, Freeprint Aligner with digital polishing, Dental LT Clear V2 and one thermoformed polyethylene terephthalate glycol material (Biolon) were examined. Water sorption and solubility were determined after seven days in distilled water at 37 °C. Colour stability was assessed after 12 h of immersion at 37 °C in turmeric, coffee, black tea, orange juice and distilled water. Total colour differences (ΔE*) were calculated spectrophotometrically using the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage L*a*b* system and converted into National Bureau of Standards units. Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA with Games-Howell post hoc test and by Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's test and Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Biolon exhibited the lowest water sorption (mean 10.70 µg/mm³) and negligible solubility (median 0.00 µg/mm³). Among the printed resins, Tera Harz TC-85DAC showed the lowest water sorption (mean 17.28 µg/mm³) and solubility (median 2.50 µg/mm³), whereas Dental LT Clear V2 displayed the highest sorption (mean 29.53 µg/mm³) and Freeprint Aligner with digital polishing the highest solubility (median 17.38 µg/mm³). Turmeric caused the most pronounced discolouration, followed by coffee and black tea, while orange juice and water produced minimal changes. The thermoformed material remained most colour-stable (mean of the median ΔE* values across all immersion media = 4.21), whereas Dental LT Clear V2 showed the greatest discolouration (mean of the median ΔE* values = 27.35). Among the printed resins, Tera Harz TC-85DAC displayed the lowest staining susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The tested aligner materials differed markedly in water sorption, solubility, and colour stability. The thermoformed polyethylene terephthalate glycol material consistently showed the most favourable profile. Among the printed resins, Tera Harz TC-85DAC exhibited the most favourable combination of the investigated properties, supporting its potential for clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and radiographic evaluation of immediate versus delayed loading of dental implants at anterior maxilla: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Mohamed Gamal Hassanin Atia, Mohamed Said Hamed, Asmaa Yousri Abdallah, Ahmed Abdelmohsen Younis","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09843-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09843-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immediate loading significantly improves oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) as well as satisfaction of patients. Future trials will determine the role of immediate loading protocol in clinical scenarios with various amounts of available jaw bone using different numbers of implants to retain a fixed prosthetic restoration in partially edentulous maxilla. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the clinical stability and radiographic difference of osteointegration between immediate and delayed loaded dental implants in the anterior and premolar regions of the maxilla.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen patients aged from 20 to 55 were divided into two equal groups. Group 1 consisted of 8 implants that were placed and loaded 6 months after placement, while group 2 consisted of 8 implants that were placed and immediately loaded with a provisional PMMA restoration; after 6 months, the provisional restoration was replaced by a fixed restoration. Each implant was clinically evaluated for implant stability using the Osstell device and radiographically evaluated for bone density around the implant using postoperative indirect standardized digital radiographs taken immediately after implant placement and after 3 and 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups had a significant decrease in pain and swelling after surgery over time, but the immediate loading group had consistently lower values on day 1 (p = 0.001), day 3 (p = 0.023), and day 7 (p < 0.001). Moreover, the immediate loading group also had a significantly lower edema at all-time points (day 1: p = 0.005; day 3 and day 7: p < 0.001). Implant stability (ISQ) increased over time in both groups, while no statistically significant between-group difference was observed at baseline or at 6 months. Peri-implant bone density showed no significant differences between groups at any time point.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Immediate implant loading was found to be a better alternative than delayed loading, as it provides comparable bone density and implant stability while significantly reducing postoperative pain and edema, consequently enhancing quality of life, aesthetic results, and early patient comfort without compromising radiographic performance.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT07381283 (registration date: February 2, 2026).</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical effectiveness of theobromine, Remin Pro, and their combination in managing dentin hypersensitivity: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Ebtsam E Kassab, Maha A Niazy, Mohamed A El Yasky, Shimaa M Ameen","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09869-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09869-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dentin hypersensitivity is a prevalent and debilitating condition affecting 10-30% of the adult population worldwide, yet the comparative short-term clinical effectiveness of emerging natural and remineralizing desensitizing agents remains incompletely characterized. This study evaluated and compared the clinical effectiveness of theobromine gel, a hydroxyapatite-fluoride-xylitol remineralizing paste (Remin Pro), and their combination in the management of dentin hypersensitivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center, double-blind, randomized clinical study was conducted in 171 teeth from 20 patients with confirmed dentin hypersensitivity, randomly allocated to three equal groups (n = 57 per group) receiving either theobromine gel, a hydroxyapatite-fluoride-xylitol remineralizing paste (Remin Pro), or their combination. Three applications were administered sequentially at baseline, one week, and one month. Pain intensity in response to tactile, evaporative, and cold-thermal stimuli was assessed at four time points: before treatment, immediately after the first application, after the second application at one week, and after the third application at one month, using the Verbal Rating Scale and Visual Analogue Scale. Data were analyzed using nonparametric tests and are reported as median and interquartile range.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All three treatment modalities produced a statistically significant, progressive reduction in dentin hypersensitivity over time. Theobromine demonstrated significantly greater pain reduction than Remin Pro after the first and second applications, most consistently in response to evaporative and cold-thermal stimuli. After the third application, all three groups achieved broadly comparable pain reduction, with no statistically significant differences in tactile stimulation or overall pain scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within the limitations of this short-term study, Theobromine gel provides clinically faster desensitization than a hydroxyapatite-fluoride-xylitol remineralizing paste after initial applications, a distinction of practical relevance for patients requiring prompt pain relief. After three sequential applications, all agents achieve comparable clinical effectiveness, confirming that multi-application protocols are the standard of care regardless of agent selection. These findings support the use of theobromine as a viable, biocompatible alternative for the short-term management of dentin hypersensitivity and justify further investigation in long-term, placebo-controlled randomized trials.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04340869. Registered March 2, 2020.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting the experience of procedural and postoperative pain in children and adolescents - a systematic review.","authors":"Rikard Roxner, Henrik Berlin, Helena Domeij, Martina Vall, Susanne Brogårdh-Roth, Lubna Alward, Sofia Petrén, Liselotte Paulsson, Gunilla Klingberg","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-10060-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-10060-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To conduct a systematic review of factors contributing to 3-18-year-old children's and adolescents' experiences of procedural and postoperative pain.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A PECO protocol was constructed. Searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, up to January 2026. The researchers (reading in pairs) assessed identified studies independently, according to the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The report followed the PRISMA statement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten thousand, seven hundred twenty records were screened, 109 reports read in full text, and finally 18 articles were evaluated for risk of bias. Eight studies based on seven study populations were judged to have low or moderate overall risk of bias and were included in the review. These studies investigated whether the following exposure factors can influence pain experiences in children and adolescents: sex, age, dental anxiety, personal traits, parental anxiety, previous painful experiences, and genotype. For the factors sex, age and dental fear and anxiety, which were studied in at least two studies, synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) were conducted, and the certainty of evidence in the findings was determined using GRADE. The results show that there is a low certainty of evidence that female adolescents (12-18 years) rate procedural or postoperative pain higher than males. Furthermore, there is a very low certainty of evidence regarding the findings concerning age and dental anxiety. Consequently, the findings should be interpreted with caution. Ethical concerns were highlighted, as three of the eight included studies lacked complete information on ethical review and informed consent procedures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although several factors may be associated with children's and adolescents' pain experiences in conjunction with dental and medical treatment, the available evidence remains limited and the present review's results should be interpreted with caution. The results imply that pain may be multifactorial which calls for individualised care.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022342566), available at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022342566 .</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13632072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative volumetric wear of occlusal splint materials under simulated gastric acid and artificial saliva conditions.","authors":"Kübra Yıldız Domaniç, Begüm Giritlioğlu Öztürk, Muzaffer Ateş","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-10055-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-10055-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wear of occlusal splint materials may alter appliance geometry and occlusal relationships during use. This in vitro study evaluated the volumetric material loss of four commercially available occlusal splint materials differing in polymer composition and manufacturing technology after mechanical loading in artificial saliva and simulated gastric acid.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 128 specimens were prepared from two digital light processing (DLP)-printed PMMA-based resins (Detax Freeprint Splint and Armarez), one CAD/CAM-milled PEEK material (PEEK Biosolution), and one conventionally injection-molded polyamide material (Cool&Flex). The specimens were allocated to artificial saliva or simulated gastric acid and subjected to either 30,000 or 120,000 chewing cycles. Baseline and post-simulation stereolithography datasets were superimposed, and volumetric material loss was calculated in mm³. The effects of material, storage medium, chewing-cycle number, and their interactions were evaluated using robust factorial ANOVA based on 20% trimmed means.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Volumetric material loss was significantly associated with material (p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.881), chewing-cycle number (p = 0.001, partial η² = 0.626), and the material × chewing-cycle interaction (p = 0.001, partial η² = 0.752). The main effect of storage medium was not statistically significant (p = 0.054). When values were pooled across both storage media and chewing-cycle conditions, Cool&Flex showed the greatest volumetric material loss (20% trimmed mean ± SE: 1.171 ± 0.193 mm³), whereas comparatively low values were observed for PEEK Biosolution (0.079 ± 0.014 mm³) and Armarez (0.087 ± 0.020 mm³).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Under the conditions of this in vitro study, volumetric material loss differed among the tested commercial products and increased with mechanical loading, although the magnitude of this increase varied by material. Storage in simulated gastric acid did not significantly affect volumetric material loss. Because polymer composition and manufacturing method varied simultaneously among the products, their independent effects cannot be distinguished. These findings are limited to the materials and experimental conditions evaluated and should not be interpreted as direct predictions of clinical longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}