BMC Oral Health最新文献

{"title":"Orthodontic treatment improves gingival morphological symmetry parameters: a retrospective study.","authors":"Yibo Wang, Siyi Wang, Yu Chen, Kaijin Lin, Guanglin Gao, Shanshan Wu, Wei Zhao, Minqian Zheng, Jianbin Guo","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06452-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06452-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of probiotics and dietary interventions in the treatment of periodontitis: a pilot randomized controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Feray Çağiran Yilmaz, Nupelda Çağiran Görgin","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06510-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06510-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation and diet-supported probiotic use on periodontal clinical parameters in individuals with periodontitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 120 female participants aged between 20 and 60 years, diagnosed with periodontitis and without systemic diseases, were included in the study. Participants were randomly assigned into three groups: control group (conventional treatment), probiotic group (conventional treatment + probiotics), and diet + probiotic group (conventional treatment + probiotics + personalized diet). Clinical evaluations were performed using measurements of probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL), while dietary intake was assessed using three-day food records. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a six-week follow-up, significant reductions in PD and CAL were observed in the probiotic and especially the diet-supported probiotic groups (p < 0.001). In the diet + probiotic group, PD improved by 41.5% and CAL by 42.7%. Nutritional analysis revealed that protein and fiber intake supported periodontal improvement, whereas sugar and carbohydrate consumption had negative effects (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Probiotics were found to support periodontal healing, and this effect was significantly enhanced by a personalized anti-inflammatory diet. It is recommended that probiotics and balanced nutrition be integrated into a holistic approach in the treatment of periodontitis.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06944938, First Submitted: 10/04/2025 (Retrospectively registered) First Posted: 25/04/2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of orthodontic tooth movement on periodontal tissues after ligature-induced periodontitis through the mechanism of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis: an animal study.","authors":"Buse Basak Feyizoglu, Batuhan Hazar Aysesek, Suheyla Kaya, Ulku Baser, Vakur Olgac, Aysen Gulden Isik","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06627-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06627-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, there has been a growing interest in adult orthodontics due to increasing aesthetic demands and advancements in treatment modalities. As more adults seek orthodontic treatment, clinicians frequently encounter patients with pre-existing periodontal conditions, highlighting the need to understand the effects of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) on periodontal tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of periodontal tissues to OTM, in healthy conditions and after 14 days of ligature-induced periodontitis, by assessing periodontal ligament (PDL) width and the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK)-RANK ligand (RANKL)-osteoprotegerin (OPG) in a rat model of experimental periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Experimental periodontitis was induced by ligating the left maxillary second molars (experimental side) of 36 Wistar rats. The maxillary right sides (control sides) were left unligated as positive controls. After 14 days, the ligatures were removed, and orthodontic appliances for mesialization were placed on three maxillary molars combined in one unit and activated. The rats were sacrificed post-activation on days 1, 7, and 14, with 12 rats per sacrifice day. The amount of OTM was measured and PDL widths were assessed histopathologically. RANK-RANKL-OPG expression was assesed immunohistochemically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant difference was found between the experimental and control sides regarding OTM and PDL width measurements and RANK-RANKL expressions. OPG expression levels were significantly higher on the control sides on day 14 in pressure areas (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data indicate that OTM causes similar changes in bone metabolism activity and PDL width in periodontally compromised tissues, compared to healthy controls. These results underscore the clinical relevance of orthodontic treatment as a safe option for patients with a history of periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning for tooth detection and segmentation in panoramic radiographs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"M Bonfanti-Gris, A Herrera, M P Salido Rodríguez-Manzaneque, F Martínez-Rus, G Pradíes","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06349-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06349-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize and evaluate the available information regarding the performance of deep learning methods for tooth detection and segmentation in orthopantomographies.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Electronic databases (Medline, Embase and Cochrane) were searched up to September 2023 for relevant observational studies and both, randomized and controlled clinical trials. Two reviewers independently conducted the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessments. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) assessment was adopted for collective grading of the overall body of evidence. From the 2,207 records identified, 20 studies were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted for the comparison of mesiodens detection and segmentation (n = 6) using sensitivity and specificity as the two main diagnostic parameters. A graphical summary of the analysis was also plotted and a Hierarchical Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, prediction region, summary point, and confidence region were illustrated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The included studies quantitative analysis showed pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive LR, negative LR, and diagnostic odds ratio of 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84-0.96), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89-0.97), 15.7 (95% CI, 7.6-32.2), 0.08 (95% CI, 0.04-0.18), and 186 (95% CI, 44-793), respectively. A graphical summary of the meta-analysis was plotted based on sensitivity and specificity. Hierarchical Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic curves showed a positive correlation between logit-transformed sensitivity and specificity (r = 0.886).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the results of the meta-analysis and GRADE assessment, a moderate recommendation is advised to dental operators when relying on AI-based tools for tooth detection and segmentation in panoramic radiographs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of endocan biomarker levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid of healthy and diseased peri-implant sites: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Ahmed I Awad, Maha A Abou Khadr, Sabah Abdelhady, Rania Abdelaziz","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06633-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06633-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This investigation evaluates Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 (Endocan), an endothelial-derived protein, for its capacity to discriminate between healthy and pathological peri-implant tissues and its diagnostic potential in peri-implant disease.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional investigation analyzed 62 peri-implant sites from 62 individuals, including 31 healthy sites, chosen according to clinical and radiographic parameters based on 2017 consensus recommendations. Collection of peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) utilized paper point methodology, with Endocan quantification performed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Statistical analysis included multivariable linear regression models to evaluate associations between disease status and Endocan levels, adjusting for demographic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Endocan levels demonstrated a clear disease progression pattern. Healthy sites showed the lowest levels (643.66 ± 128.49 ng/L), while peri-implantitis sites exhibited significantly elevated concentrations (841.83 ± 62.72 ng/L, p < 0.001). Peri-implant mucositis sites (671.99 ± 133.00 ng/L) were not significantly different from healthy sites (p = 0.757). Modeling demonstrated that peri-implantitis exhibited significant correlation with increased Endocan concentrations (B = 187.74, p < 0.001), while peri-implant mucositis showed no significant association (p = 0.431). Additionally, younger age, female sex, and smoking were independently associated with higher Endocan concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Endocan demonstrates specificity as a biomarker for peri-implantitis, showing capacity to differentiate advanced peri-implant pathology from healthy tissues and peri-implant mucositis. These results suggest Endocan's potential utility for disease staging and monitoring in peri-implant care, providing a foundation for biomarker-based diagnostic approaches in implant dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy and reliability of a three-dimensional superimposition method for maxillary jaws and dentition.","authors":"Qifei Yang, Minchun Cai, Shushu Hao, Huihan Chu, Yuting Wang, Ming Hu, Hui Yang, Zhendong Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06637-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06637-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal analysis of a dry cooling method in a dental implant drilling procedure: an in vitro randomized study.","authors":"Kubilay Baris, Meltem Hendek, Hatice Ebru Olgun","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06593-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06593-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Excessive temperature rise during drilling can lead to thermal bone damage and compromise implant success. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the newly introduced \"dry cooling\" method to control heat generation during dental implant osteotomy using different hand pressure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Standardized osteotomies (Ø4.1 mm, 10 mm depth) were performed on bovine rib bone blocks using two cooling methods-dry cooling (DC) and saline cooling (SC)-and two hand pressure levels: low pressure (LP) and high pressure (HP), resulting in four experimental groups (DC-LP = Group A, DC-HP = Group B, SC-LP = Group C, SC-HP = Group D; n = 30 per group). The DC setup employed a closed-loop thermoelectric system based on a Peltier module. Real-time temperature changes were recorded using thermocouples. Bone particles were weighed, and drilling time was measured. In statistical analysis, whether the data conformed to normal distribution was evaluated with the kurtosis-skewness test. The relationship between cooling method and hand pressure and temperature was evaluated with the ANOVA test. Tukey test was used for multiple comparisons. T-test was used for comparison between independent groups and the relationships between variables were analyzed with the Pearson correlation test. The statistical significance level in the study was determined as p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in temperature increase were observed between the groups (p < 0.001). Group A had the lowest temperature increase (2.00 ± 0.84 °C) and the lowest final temperature (23.41 ± 1.23 °C), while Group D had the highest temperature increase (5.45 ± 0.90 °C) and the highest final temperature (26.38 ± 1.03 °C). Bone particle yield differed significantly depending on the cooling method used (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To prevent a temperature rise during dental implant osteotomy, DC may provide better temperature stabilization in specimens with high cortical content than external cooling with saline. Further studies are needed to optimize the effects of the DC method.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144727799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ozonated water to treat pericoronitis - insights from a randomized triple-blind pilot trial.","authors":"Célio Leone Ferreira Soares, Dhelfeson Willya Douglas-de-Oliveira, Cássio Roberto Rocha Dos Santos, Olga Dumont Flecha, José Cristiano Ramos Glória, Patricia Furtado Gonçalves","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06652-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06652-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pericoronitis, a painful inflammation of the soft tissues around a partially erupted tooth, is generally treated with debridement and saline irrigation. Ozone's antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties make it a promising adjunctive therapy.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the clinical effects and impact on quality of life of treating pericoronitis in lower third molars using ozonated water compared to physiological saline solution.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study involved patients with pericoronitis in lower third molars, following CONSORT guidelines. Ethical approval was obtained from the UFVJM Research Ethics Committee (protocol number 5.922.185). Patients were divided into two groups: irrigation with ozonated water (OZO, n = 5) or saline solution (SAL, n = 5). The pain was assessed using a visual analog scale, and quality of life was evaluated using OHIP-14, OHIP14-PD Br, and SF-36 questionnaires. Evaluations were conducted at baseline, 24 h, and 3, 7, 15, and 30 days post-treatment. Clinical parameters assessed included probing depth (PD), bone crest level (BCL), mouth opening (MO), and extent of edema/erythema (EEE) in the pericoronal hood region. Plaque Index (PI), Bleeding Index on Probing (BOP), and lower third molar positioning were also evaluated using panoramic radiography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intra-group analysis 7 days after treatment showed a significant reduction in pain (SAL: p = 0.018; OZO: p = 0.002) and the extent of edema/erythema (SAL: p = 0.002). OHIP-14 scores indicated significant intra-group differences at 30 days post-treatment (SAL: p = 0.043; OZO: p = 0.041).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ozonated water demonstrated similar efficacy to saline solution in managing pericoronitis, suggesting its potential as a viable alternative treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study presents an alternative treatment option for pericoronitis.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial register: </strong>This clinical trial was registered at the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBec) under protocol RBR-79pss6w ( http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-79pss6w/ ), Date of registration: 22/11/2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144727796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-dimensional performance evaluation of large language models in dental implantology: comparison of ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Grok, Gemini and Qwen across diverse clinical scenarios.","authors":"Xing Wu, Guofei Cai, Bin Guo, Leizi Ma, Siqi Shao, Jun Yu, Yuchen Zheng, Linhong Wang, Fan Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06619-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06619-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Large language models (LLMs) show promise in medicine, but their effectiveness in specialized fields like implant dentistry remains unclear. This study focuses on five recently released LLMs aiming to systematically evaluate their capabilities in clinical implantology scenarios and to investigate their respective strengths and weaknesses thoroughly to guide precise application.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive multi-dimensional evaluation was conducted using a test set of 40 professional questions (across 8 themes) and 5 complex cases. To ensure response uniformity, all queries were submitted to five LLMs (ChatGPT-o3-mini, DeepSeek-R1, Grok-3, Gemini-2.0-flash-Thinking, and Qwen2.5-max) using a pre-defined prompt. With standardized parameters to ensure a fair comparison, a single response was generated for each query without re-generation. The responses of the five LLMs were scored by three experienced senior experts from five dimensions in two rounds of double-blind. Inter-rater reliability was tested, followed by statistical analyses including Spearman'sρtest, Friedman test, mixed effect model, and principal component analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High inter-rater reliability was confirmed among the three experts (ICC for average measures ranged from 0.685 to 0.814, all P < 0.001). Gemini-2.0-flash-thinking achieved the highest overall performance, with a mean score of 21.9 in professional question answering and 22.2 in case analysis. This was significantly higher than ChatGPT-o3-mini (mean score 19.2) in question responses and Qwen2.5-max (mean score 16.9) in case evaluations. Mixed-effects models showed Gemini-2.0-flash-thinking superiority over ChatGPT-o3-mini, while Qwen2.5-max exhibited a decline in performance. DeepSeek-R1 and Qwen2.5-max also showed positive interaction effects in specific themes (such as Theme3). The PCA results further indicate that Gemini-2.0-flash-thinking demonstrated the best comprehensive ability in both types of tasks, and reveal the existing differences in the performance of various LLMs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals diverse LLMs differentiated capabilities in dental implantology, recommending context-specific model selection to different clinical scenario, as Gemini-2.0-flash-Thinking demonstrates optimal performance, notably for high-level clinical support.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study protocol and the use of clinical case data have been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Approval No. QT2025050) on March 4th, 2025. Clinical trial number is not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144727832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral and gut microbiota in gingivitis subtypes: a causal inference study using Mendelian randomization.","authors":"Jichao Lin, Qingjiang Xu, Wei Bi, Youcheng Yu, Qinglian Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06658-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-025-06658-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The disruption of microbiota balance could be a pivotal factor in the complications arising from periodontal disease-induced inflammation outside the mouth. Nonetheless, it remains uncertain whether there is a direct causal relationship between the oral and gut microbiomes and gingivitis, especially in distinguishing between acute and chronic gingivitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using GWAS summary statistics from FinnGen data (149 acute gingivitis cases, 850 chronic gingivitis cases, and 195,395 controls) to explore the causal role of oral and gut microbiota. The primary analysis employed the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, augmented by four supplementary approaches: weighted median, weighted mode, and MR Egger regression, all aimed at detecting and adjusting for horizontal pleiotropy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the gut microbiota, the results of IVW showed that class Negativicutes, Verrucomicrobiae, genus Butyricicoccus, Eubacterium, Lactobacillus, order Selenomonadales and Verrucomicrobiales were linked to a higher risk of acute gingivitis, while family Peptostreptococcaceae, genus Coprococcus2, and genus Lachnospiraceae UCG001 were linked to a lower risk of acute gingivitis (P < 0.05). Class Erysipelotrichia, Methanobacteria, Verrucomicrobiae, family Defluviitaleaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Methanobacteriaceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, genus Akkermansia, Christensenellaceae R 7group, Defluviitaleaceae UCG011, Methanobrevibacter, genus Paraprevotella, Senegalimassilia, order Erysipelotrichales, Methanobacteriales, Verrucomicrobiales, and phylum Cyanobacteria were linked to a higher risk of chronic gingivitis, while family Clostridiales vadin BB60 group, genus Allisonella, Dorea, and Lachnospiraceae UCG004 were linked to a lower risk of chronic gingivitis (P < 0.05). And in the oral microbiota, unknown Porphyromonas species (ASV0008) and Genus Porphyromonas were linked to higher risk of acute gingivitis (P < 0.05). Unknown Neisseria species (ASV0004) and unknown Veillonella species (ASV0001) were linked to higher risk of chronic gingivitis, while Class Bacilli was linked to lower risk of chronic gingivitis (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This MR analysis confirms the distinct causal relationships between microbiota and both acute and chronic gingivitis, providing insights into potential prevention strategies in European.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1270"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144727795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}