BMC Oral Health最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of thermocycling, color stability, surface roughness and hardness of nanocarbon HPP, BioHPP and PEEK used for fabrication of prosthetic restorations ( in vitro study).","authors":"Mohamed Z Basiony, Rim A Selima, Nermeen A Rady, Sherif M Abdel Hamid","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09615-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09615-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>The selection of appropriate dental materials plays a crucial role in the success of prosthetic restorations. With the limitations of metallic alloys, including their aesthetic shortcomings, weight, corrosion potential, and cost, there is growing interest in high-performance polymer alternatives.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective of the present study was to evaluate color stability, surface roughness and Hardness of BioHPP, Nanocarbon HPP and PEEK used for fabrication of prosthetic restorations (An In Vitro Study).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 42 cylindrical samples (14 per group) were divided into three groups: Group 1: nanocarbon High-Performance Polymer, Group 2: BioHPP, Group 3: PEEK. They were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology and subjected to thermocyclic aging. Color stability was assessed spectrophotometrically after immersion in a staining medium over 28 days. Surface roughness was measured using a profilometer, while hardness was evaluated using the Vickers hardness test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant differences were observed among all three materials in color stability, surface roughness, and hardness (p < 0.001). PEEK demonstrated the highest surface roughness, while nano-carbon reinforced polymersexhibited the lowest surface roughness and highest hardness values. In terms of color stability, all materials showed varying degrees of discoloration over time, but nano-carbon-HPP generally maintained better stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nano-carbon-HPP demonstrated superior mechanical performance, combining low surface roughness with high hardness, making them a promising alternative to traditional materials for full-arch dental prostheses. These findings highlight the potential of nano-carbon materials to improve durability, patient comfort, and aesthetic outcomes in prosthodontic applications.</p><p><strong>Clinical implication: </strong>The use of nano‑carbon reinforced polymers may improve the longevity, esthetics, and patient comfort of implant‑supported overdentures.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13528074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Er: YAG laser on the bond strength of glass ceramic to bleached enamel and mechanism investigation.","authors":"Jingwen Miao, Jing Ye, Junjie Wu, JiaHao Qin, Ben Ma, Jian Zhang, Ying Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09745-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09745-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Er: YAG laser treatment for glass-ceramic bonding to bleached enamel and to further investigate the potential mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This in vitro study included 132 molars, with each molar used to prepare a single specimen. A total of 48 enamel slices, 48 enamel blocks, and 36 embedded whole-tooth specimens were prepared. The specimens were randomly allocated to four groups: the Control group, hydrogen peroxide (HP) group, HP combined with sodium ascorbate (HP-SA) group, and HP combined with Er: YAG laser (HP-Er: YAG) group. They were subsequently evaluated for enamel surface morphology, residual hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentration, resin degree of conversion (DC), resin penetration, shear bond strength (SBS), and failure mode.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SEM showed that the HP-Er: YAG group exhibited rough and irregular enamel surfaces, while the HP and HP-SA groups showed no obvious morphological changes. Compared with the HP group (109.60 ± 10.38 µmol/L), H₂O₂ concentrations were significantly lower in the HP-SA (51.05 ± 20.06 µmol/L) and HP-Er: YAG (29.96 ± 13.01 µmol/L) groups (P < 0.0001). The HP-Er: YAG group showed a lower concentration than the HP-SA group (P < 0.05).The DC of the HP-Er: YAG group (51.10 ± 7.02%) was comparable to that of the Control (59.84 ± 5.36%) and HP-SA (41.82 ± 7.28%) groups (P > 0.05). The Control and HP-Er: YAG groups exhibited extensive resin penetration at the enamel-adhesive interface. SBS was significantly higher in the Control (21.92 ± 4.33 MPa) and HP-Er: YAG (22.62 ± 4.06 MPa) groups than in the HP (13.46 ± 3.62 MPa) and HP-SA (17.76 ± 2.56 MPa) groups (P < 0.01). For ARI scores, the Control and HP-Er: YAG groups did not differ significantly (P > 0.05), whereas all other pairwise comparisons were statistically significant (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reduced H₂O₂ levels, increased resin polymerization, and modification of the enamel surface may contribute to the improved bonding performance observed after Er: YAG laser treatment of bleached enamel. Compared with 10% SA treatment for 10 min, Er: YAG laser was more effective in restoring bond strength, suggesting its potential for immediate glass‑ceramic bonding to bleached enamel.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13536630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluoride varnish application as an oral health intervention in the well-baby clinic for children aged 1-5 years at Qatar University Health Center: a feasibility study.","authors":"Nadeen Batta, Hanan Abdul Rahim","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09600-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09600-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most common chronic conditions affecting children worldwide, with more than 530 million children affected. In Qatar, ECC prevalence among preschool children aged 4-5 years is reported at 89%. ECC can lead to significant physical, psychosocial, and economic consequences but is largely preventable through early preventive measures such as professionally applied fluoride varnish (FV). In Qatar, lack of water fluoridation and challenges attending multiple healthcare appointments highlight the need to integrate oral health prevention into existing child health services. This study assessed the feasibility of providing FV for children aged 1-5 years at moderate to high risk of ECC during routine well-baby visits in Qatar.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a 3-month feasibility study evaluating the implementation of fluoride varnish application among 50 children at moderate or high caries risk. Feasibility was assessed across acceptability, implementation, practicality, and direct implementation costs using questionnaires, clinic logs, interviews, and cost analysis. The reporting followed the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean time required for completion of the structured caries risk assessment and fluoride varnish application was 1.09 ± 0.33 and 1.37 ± 0.62 min, respectively. The direct cost was 15 QAR per application. Key barriers to implementation included limited instruments, insufficient staff, lack of space, and difficulty reaching children who rarely attend the health center.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporating fluoride varnish treatment into standard immunization appointments for children under five in primary care in Qatar is achievable. Nonetheless, enhancements in appointment scheduling, staff training, provider notifications, and staffing are essential for successful deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13536871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of irrigant activation devices for removal of calcium hydroxide from artificial isthmuses connecting curved canals in 3D-printed resin molar models.","authors":"Gülçin Cagay Sevencan, Sevcan Akça","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09761-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09761-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), confirmed effective in studies, is frequently used as an interappointment medicament in root canal treatment. The challenges related to removing this medication from the root canals before the filling negatively influence post-treatment success. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of different irrigant activation devices-sonic activation (EDDY), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), and shockwave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS)-in removing Ca(OH)₂ from artificial isthmuses connecting curved root canals in 3D-printed resin molar models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy resin-based upper molar models with two curved canals connected by three standardized isthmuses were 3D-printed (Hex 600, Edudent, Türkiye). After canal preparation and Ca(OH)₂ (Well-Paste, Korea) placement, samples were randomly assigned to five groups (control group n = 10, experimental group n = 15) for Ca(OH)₂ removal: conventional needle irrigation (control) (NaviTip, Ultradent, USA), EDDY sonic irrigation (VDW, Germany), PUI (Guilin Woodpecker Medical Instrument Co., LTD, China), PIPS, and SWEEPS (Fotona, Slovenia) laser-assisted irrigation. Irrigation protocols were standardized for volume and duration. The percentage of cleaned isthmus areas was quantified using pre- and post-irrigation imaging under microscopy and analyzed with ImageJ software (NIH, USA). Statistical comparisons were performed using robust ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in Ca(OH)₂ removal efficacy were found between groups (p < 0.001). The SWEEPS group showed the highest median cleaning percentage (47.71%), followed by PIPS (37.96%), EDDY (29.30%), PUI (28.22%), and control (11.26%). SWEEPS showed the highest median cleaned isthmus percentage, followed by PIPS, while PUI and EDDY demonstrated comparable values. Conventional needle irrigation showed the lowest cleaning performance. Cleaning efficacy varied significantly among isthmus locations (coronal > middle > apical, p = 0.007). SWEEPS, PIPS, and EDDY showed similarly high cleaning efficacy, with PUI demonstrating comparable performance, while conventional needle irrigation showed significantly lower values. No significant differences were observed between groups in the apical isthmus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>None of the irrigation activation techniques achieved complete removal of calcium hydroxide. Cleaning efficacy was significantly influenced by both irrigation method and isthmus location. Laser-activated irrigation systems showed higher efficacy in specific regions, while conventional needle irrigation consistently demonstrated the lowest performance. Overall, irrigation effectiveness in isthmus-containing root canals exhibited a clear anatomy-dependent pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paired in vivo diagnostic accuracy and reliability of QrayCam Pro and QrayPen for occlusal and proximal caries in permanent posterior teeth.","authors":"Elif Alkan, Ahmad Bittar, Dilek Tağtekin","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09756-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09756-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) provides fluorescence-loss and red-fluorescence signals that may behave differently across devices, surfaces, and lesion thresholds. This study compared QrayCam Pro and QrayPen for occlusal and proximal caries in permanent posterior teeth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-centre, paired in vivo diagnostic-accuracy and reliability study, 120 consecutively recruited adults underwent QrayPen and QrayCam Pro imaging. Multiple surfaces could be contributed by one participant. Surface-specific regions of interest in QA2 software generated maximum fluorescence loss (|ΔFmax|) and maximum red fluorescence (ΔRmax). Occlusal surfaces were classified using ICDAS and proximal surfaces using bitewing-based International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS)-oriented categories. Agreement was evaluated on 194 occlusal and 397 proximal paired measurements. Diagnostic analyses included 181 occlusal surfaces with complete ICDAS scores and all 397 proximal surfaces. AUC confidence intervals and paired AUC contrasts were estimated by 10,000 participant-cluster bootstrap resamples; Holm adjustment was applied across four paired contrasts within each surface-threshold family.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At ICDAS ≥ 1, QrayCam |ΔFmax| and QrayPen |ΔFmax| yielded AUCs of 0.909 (95% CI 0.862-0.950) and 0.872 (0.821-0.919), respectively; |ΔFmax| exceeded ΔRmax within both devices (Holm-adjusted P < 0.001), whereas the QrayCam-QrayPen |ΔFmax| difference did not remain significant after multiplicity correction (adjusted P = 0.061). At proximal ICCMS ≥ 1, AUCs ranged from 0.646 to 0.697 and no paired contrast was significant after adjustment. QrayPen |ΔFmax| exceeded QrayPen ΔRmax at ICCMS ≥ 2 (adjusted P = 0.022) and ≥ 3 (adjusted P = 0.005); at ICCMS ≥ 3, QrayCam ΔRmax exceeded QrayPen ΔRmax (adjusted P = 0.011). Excluding the verified QrayPen ΔRmax value of 1962 changed individual proximal AUCs by no more than 0.012.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Metric selection influenced diagnostic performance at selected thresholds, but it was not uniformly more important than device selection. |ΔFmax| was more consistent for early occlusal detection and selected proximal thresholds, while device differences were generally small or threshold-specific. QLF should be used as an adjunct to structured visual examination and bitewing radiography rather than as a replacement.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not applicable; this was an observational diagnostic-accuracy study and was not prospectively registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro evaluation of a novel self-adhesive composite primer modified with nano zinc oxide and hydroxyapatite: antibacterial activity, marginal microleakage, and interfacial elemental analysis.","authors":"Raghda Kamh, Alshaymaa Abdelmonaem Mohammed, Hamdy Mahmoud Badreldin, Esraa Abdel Ghaffar El Gezawy","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09627-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09627-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of a self-adhesive 10-MDP contained Primer (Stela primer) modified with nano-sized zinc oxide (ZnO) and hydroxyapatite (HA) particles. Furthermore, it evaluated the extent of marginal microleakage in Class II restorations and conducted elemental analysis of the tooth-primer interface using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The sixty-three premolars enrolled in this study were subjected to class II cavity preparation and divided into three groups according to the primer used (modified Stela primer containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA-NPs), and Stela primer without modification). Stela self-adhesive resin composite was applied to all teeth. The teeth were subjected to a microleakage test (n = 21) for each group and elemental analysis of the tooth-primer interface using EDX (n = 3) for each group. All modified and non-modified primers were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences in marginal microleakage were observed between the modified and unmodified groups at either the occlusal or gingival margins (P = 0.34 gingivally; P = 0.15 occlusally). EDX analysis showed a notable increase in calcium and phosphorus deposition at the tooth-primer interface in both nanoparticle-modified groups, especially in the HA-NP group, indicating interfacial mineralization (P < 0.001). The unmodified primer showed no significant changes in mineral content. Adding ZnO-NPs and HA-NPs to the Stela primer greatly improved its antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans, with HA-NPs producing the largest inhibition zone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Incorporating ZnO-NPs and HA-NPs into Stela primer enhances its biological potential; however, they did not significantly alter the sealing ability (microleakage) compared to the control. Both nanoparticle-modified primers exhibited potent and comparable bactericidal activity against Streptococcus mutans. At the same time, nano-hydroxyapatite demonstrated the most pronounced antibacterial effect and the most significant improvement in mineral deposition at the tooth-primer interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13523304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marginal adaptation of 3D-printed crowns: influence of preparation geometry and digitization workflow.","authors":"Khalid Abdelsalam, Ahmed Attia","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09649-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09649-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This in vitro study evaluated the impact of different workflow and finish line design on the marginal adaptation of 3D printed resin matrix ceramic crowns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty extracted mandibular molars were randomly allocated into two groups according to finish line design (n = 20); heavy chamfer 0.8 mm (H) and conservative chamfer 0.2 mm (C). Each main group was divided into 2 subgroups (n = 10) according to workflow; direct digital intraoral scanning workflow (D) and semi-digital workflow (S). Crowns were 3D printed from hybrid resin and cemented using adhesive resin cement. Marginal adaptation was evaluated for all groups using a stereomicroscope before cementation and after the combined cementation and artificial aging. Statistical analysis was performed with 3-way ANOVAs and post hoc Tukey test, (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant effects were found for finish line design, workflow, and the combined cementation and artificial aging (P < 0.05), with no significant interaction between finish line design and workflow (P = 0.552). Mean marginal gaps (µm) of test groups before cementation and after the combined cementation and aging protocol were: HD, (71.72 ± 4.82), (84.5 ± 2.75); CD, (82.16 ± 3.76), (97.32 ± 3.16); HS, (92.51 ± 3.64), (111.8 ± 3.37); and CS, (106.1 ± 3.57), (123.4 ± 2.58). All groups showed significant increases thereafter (P < 0.05). Heavy chamfer finish line and direct digital workflow each yielded significantly smaller marginal gap than conservative chamfer and semi-digital workflow at both time points (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within the limitations of this in vitro study, finish line design and workflow type each independently influenced the marginal adaptation of 3D-printed resin matrix ceramic crowns. A heavy chamfer and a direct digital workflow were each associated with smaller marginal gaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13523303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of activated irrigation techniques for the removal of calcium hydroxide from simulated internal root resorption cavities: an in vitro comparative study.","authors":"Amira Shafie Ibrahim Mohamed, Dalia Mohamed Mukhtar Fayyad, Dalia Abd-Allah Mohamed","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09569-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09569-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to compare the calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂] removal efficiency of six irrigation‑activation techniques and conventional syringe irrigation (control) from simulated internal root‑resorptive cavities in vitro.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Seventy single-rooted human teeth were standardized to a length of 18 mm, prepared, and split longitudinally. A standardized hemispherical resorptive cavity was created in each root half; the halves were then reassembled and filled with premixed Ca(OH)₂. Specimens were incubated for 7 days and randomly allocated (n = 10) to seven groups: (1) conventional syringe irrigation (control), (2) manual dynamic agitation (MDA), (3) XP‑Endo Finisher, (4) sonic EDDY, (5) sonic EQ‑S, (6) ultrasonic Irrisafe, or (7) ultrasonic Ultra X. In each irrigation protocol, two 30 s activations with 10 mL 2.5% NaOCl were used followed by one 30 s activation with 5 mL 17% EDTA. Residual Ca(OH)₂ percentages (%) within the simulated resorptive cavity (primary outcome) and the entire root canal system, including the coronal, middle, and apical thirds (secondary outcomes) was quantified stereo-microscopically using ImageJ software. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests with Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc comparisons (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed among the tested groups (P ≤ 0.001). Within the simulated resorptive cavities, EDDY group demonstrated the significantly lowest percentage values of residual Ca(OH)₂ [median: 1.48%, IQR (0.65-1.59)] (P < 0.05) followed by XP-endo Finisher [median: 23.31%, IQR (16.61-24.83)] and Irrisafe [median: 36.34%, IQR (14.31-49.05)] groups. EDDY, XP-Endo Finisher and Irrisafe groups showed the significantly lowest overall (total) percentage values (P < 0.05), with no significant differences among them. Most irrigation protocols tested showed significant lower percentage values in the coronal third compared with the apical third, while no significant difference was detected between root thirds within the EDDY and Ultra X groups (P = 0.199, P = 0.182). None of the tested techniques achieved complete removal of Ca(OH)₂.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Activated irrigation significantly enhances Ca(OH)₂ retrieval from internal resorptive defects; however, complete removal is not achieved with any of the tested techniques. EDDY demonstrates superior efficacy in removing Ca(OH)₂ specifically from simulated internal root resorption cavities. Across the entire root canal system, EDDY, XP-Endo Finisher, and Irrisafe demonstrate the highest overall efficacy for Ca(OH)₂ removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of right-left differences in trabecular bone structure within the maxillary lateral incisor-canine region using fractal analysis.","authors":"Hilal Algul, Gozde Haksayar, Tulin Ufuk Toygar Memikoglu, Ayse Tuba Altug","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09728-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09728-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis, peg-shaped lateral incisors, impacted canines, and cleft lip and palate frequently involve the maxillary lateral incisor-canine region and often show side-related distribution patterns. Whether trabecular bone structure within this region differs between sides in clinically healthy individuals remains unclear. This study evaluated right-left differences in maxillary trabecular bone structure using fractal analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Panoramic radiographs of 88 adults (43 males, 45 females; 18-40 years) with Class I occlusion and no dental, skeletal, or orofacial anomalies were retrospectively analyzed. Bilateral polygon-shaped ROIs were defined between the maxillary lateral incisor and canine roots. As methodological validation, standardized 20 × 20 pixel square ROIs were additionally analyzed. FD values were calculated using the ImageJ box-counting method. Inter-observer reliability was assessed by two independent oral and maxillofacial radiologists using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Dahlberg error. Right-left comparisons were performed using paired-samples t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Associations with age and sex were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using anatomically defined freehand ROIs, FD values were significantly higher in the left maxillary region than in the right (0.77 ± 0.23 vs. 0.70 ± 0.25; mean paired difference = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01-0.13; p = 0.024; Cohen's d_z​ = 0.24). The same direction of the right-left difference was confirmed using standardized square ROIs. No significant right-left differences were found for ROI area (p = 0.229), mean gray value (p = 0.618), minimum gray value (p = 0.682), or maximum gray value (p = 0.708). The right-left FD difference was not associated with age or sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A small but statistically significant right-left difference in FD values was detected within the maxillary lateral incisor-canine region. Although the effect size was small and the biological significance remains uncertain, consistent findings across two ROI approaches together with excellent inter-observer reproducibility support the methodological consistency of the proposed protocol. The findings should be interpreted as a subtle radiographic observation rather than as definitive evidence of physiological maxillary asymmetry.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stain susceptibility of a giomer and a particulate-filled injectable composite with one-step and multi-step polishing techniques, and color recovery after brushing and repolishing.","authors":"Eman Samy Ibrahim, Reham Mohamed Salem, Khaled Aly Nour","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09651-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09651-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the stain susceptibility and color recovery of Giomer and highly filled injectable composite compared with a nano-filled packable composite, using one-step and multi-step polishing systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety composite specimens were prepared from Filtek Z350, Beautifil Flow Plus, and G-ænial Injectable and divided into three polishing subgroups (n = 10): Mylar strip, OneGloss, and Enamel Plus Shiny. After baseline color measurement (T₀), the specimens were immersed in coffee at 37 °C for 30 days. Color changes were measured using a Vita EasyshadeV spectrophotometer after brushing using a soft toothbrush (ΔE_brushing; T₁-T₀) and after repolishing using AL₂0₃ paste (ΔE_repolishing; T₂-T₀). Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model with Yeo-Johnson transformation and Holm's correction (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant interaction was observed among material type, polishing system, and color change (p = 0.020). G-ænial Injectable showed the lowest stain susceptibility (ΔE_brushing = 2.84; ΔE_repolishing = 1.88). Multi-step polishing significantly improved stain resistance for all tested materials. Repolishing significantly reduced discoloration in all groups (p < 0.001) by increasing L* values and reducing shifts in a* and b* coordinates. Among all materials, only the multi-step-polished G-ænial Injectable achieved color change values that approached the acceptability threshold (ΔE₀₀ ≤ 1.8).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Highly filled injectable composites and multi-step polishing improved stain resistance and color recovery of resin composites, whereas S-PRG fillers and matrix-set surfaces increased stain susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Multi-step polishing enhances esthetics, while repolishing improves restoration longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13504834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}