BMC Oral Health最新文献

{"title":"Antifungal effects of coating chitosan particles on polymethylmethacrylate acrylic resin: An in vitro study.","authors":"Mehwish Shoro, Muhammad Rizwan Memon, Aamir Mahmood Butt, Hina Memon, Osama Khattak, Gotam Das, Waled Abdulmalek Alanesi","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09845-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09845-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic resin is widely used for denture fabrication due to its biocompatibility and low cost; however, its porous surface makes it highly susceptible to colonization by Candida albicans. Biofilm formation by this organism poses a persistent clinical challenge due to its resistance to antifungal treatments. Chitosan (CS), a naturally derived biopolymer with proven antimicrobial properties, represents a promising solution. This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal effects and growth inhibition of a novel chitosan nano particle coating on Candida albicans applied to heat-cured acrylic resin.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of sixty standard-dimension, freshly fabricated, and sterilized polymethylmethacrylate plates were randomly allocated into two groups. Thirty in the control group were treated with uncoated acrylic resin denture base plates, and thirty in the study group were treated with acrylic resin denture base coated with chitosan nanoparticles. All the specimens were sterilized by autoclaving at 15 psi/121°C for 15 min. The diameter of the zone of growth inhibition was assessed clinically with the naked eye and measured around each specimen in mm using a measuring scale. All data were collected on a pro forma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean inhibiting fungal growth was 1.6958 ± 0.95 mm in the study group and 0.2783 ± 0.74 mm in the control group. Significant mean difference was observed between groups (difference = 1.41743; p < 0.001). The results of the current study may show a decrease in antifungal activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that chitosan in solutions is more effective at reducing the viability of C. albicans biofilm on poly-methyl methacrylate resin than not using chitosan. Taking the above into consideration, the studied concept of modifying denture base materials with chitosan requires improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13584455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New predictive regression models for estimating the size of unerupted canines and premolars in the Egyptian population.","authors":"Shaimaa S El-Desouky, Shimaa M Hadwa, Ibrahim A Kabbash, Safa B Alawy","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09706-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09706-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mixed dentition space analysis assesses the discrepancy between the available and required space within the dental arches during the mixed dentition stage, thereby facilitating the diagnosis and treatment planning of developing malocclusions. So, this study aimed to develop Egyptian population-specific regression equations for predicting the combined mesiodistal widths of permanent canines and premolars (Σ345) and to compare their predictive accuracy with that of the Tanaka and Johnston method.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 450 dental casts obtained from Egyptian adolescents aged 13-17 years (230 females and 220 males). The mesiodistal crown widths of the maxillary and mandibular permanent incisors, canines, and premolars were measured using a calibrated digital caliper. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to develop new prediction equations. The predicted widths obtained using the newly developed equations and the Tanaka and Johnston method were compared with the actual tooth measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mesiodistal widths of the maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors demonstrated the strongest correlations with the combined widths of permanent canines and premolars and were therefore used to generate the prediction equations. The newly developed Egyptian equations demonstrated good predictive performance, with coefficients of determination of R² = 0.672 for the maxillary arch and R² = 0.602 for the mandibular arch. Furthermore, they showed smaller mean prediction errors (0.00 ± 1.03 mm and 0.00 ± 1.34 mm for the maxillary and mandibular arches, respectively) than the Tanaka and Johnston equations (- 1.02 ± 1.22 mm and - 1.30 ± 1.45 mm, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The newly developed Egyptian-specific regression equations provided more accurate estimates of the mesiodistal widths of unerupted permanent canines and premolars than the Tanaka and Johnston method and may serve as reliable tools for mixed dentition space analysis in Egyptian adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13570539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148954779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI-based volumetric and histogram analysis of parotid and submandibular salivary glands in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study.","authors":"Ferit Doğan, Sedef Kotanlı, Nurbanu Sahin, Rıza Altunbaş, Hüseyin Karaaslan","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09876-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09876-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the MRI-based volumetric and histogram characteristics of the parotid and submandibular salivary glands in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with control participants, and to investigate potential correlations between gland volumes, HbA1c levels, and disease duration.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Following approval from the Harran University Clinical Research Ethics Committee, magnetic resonance (MR) images of 30 patients with T2DM and 30 control participants were retrospectively analyzed. Salivary gland volumes were measured, and demographic data, HbA1c values, and diabetes duration were recorded for the T2DM group. In addition, histogram analysis was performed on T1-weighted MR images using standardized regions of interest to calculate mean grayscale values, skewness, and kurtosis parameters. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare gland volumes between groups and to assess correlations with clinical parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no statistically significant differences in the volumes of the parotid and submandibular glands between the T2DM and control groups (p > 0.05). Additionally, no significant correlations were found between gland volumes and HbA1c levels or disease duration within the diabetic group. Patients with T2DM demonstrated significantly lower mean grayscale values across all major salivary glands compared with controls (all p < 0.01), whereas skewness and kurtosis values remained comparable between groups (all p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that T2DM was not associated with significant volumetric differences in the major salivary glands in this study population. However, significantly lower mean T1-weighted grayscale values were observed in patients with T2DM, whereas skewness and kurtosis remained comparable between groups. These signal-intensity differences should be regarded as exploratory imaging findings rather than direct evidence of specific microstructural alterations, and their functional and clinical significance remains uncertain. Further studies incorporating quantitative MRI techniques and functional correlation are needed to clarify their biological and clinical relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13617736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding periodontal assessment and co-management during orthodontic care among Moroccan dentists: a nationwide cross-sectional survey.","authors":"Abdelhadi Hbibi, Siham Halal, Khadija Sikkou, Momen Atieh, Souhail Ben Jelloun, Amine Cherkaoui, Sonia Ghoul, Yasmine Hanine, Ghita Kadri","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09653-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09653-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Periodontal diseases are common chronic inflammatory conditions that may compromise the planning, safety, and outcomes of orthodontic treatment, particularly in adults and in patients with reduced periodontal support. In such patients, orthodontic care requires accurate periodontal diagnosis, confirmation of disease stability before treatment initiation, careful biomechanical adaptation, and close coordination with periodontal maintenance. However, the extent to which dentists providing orthodontic care integrate these principles into routine practice remains insufficiently documented, particularly in North African settings. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Moroccan dentists providing orthodontic care regarding the diagnosis and management of patients with periodontal diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Morocco between September 2025 and February 2026. Eligible participants were dentists practicing orthodontics exclusively or within general practice. The questionnaire included demographic variables, 8 knowledge items, and 9 attitude/practice items covering diagnosis, screening, treatment timing, interdisciplinary collaboration, and periodontal maintenance. Item-level descriptives used available-case denominators. Knowledge (0-7), attitude (0-2), practice (0-6), and total KAP (0-15) scores were calculated. Associations with periodontitis-case management were explored using logistic regression; correlates of KAP scores were examined using linear regression, with candidate variables selected from univariable analyses (p < 0.20).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 418 platform entries, 118 blank entries were excluded; 300 practitioners from 11 regions provided at least 1 valid response, including 190 complete questionnaires. Only 18.3% correctly defined periodontitis and 46.3% identified the radiographic criterion for bone loss, whereas 81.1% recognized apical displacement of the center of resistance and 70.4% identified intrusion as the movement associated with bone gain. Pre-orthodontic periodontal screening was reported by 63.0%, but systematic full-mouth 6-site probing by only 16.5%. Among periodontitis cases, 44.4% reported formal periodontal stability confirmation before treatment initiation and 35.9% waited 3 months after active periodontal therapy. Median knowledge, attitude, and total scores were 2 (interquartile range (IQR) 0-3)/7, 1 (IQR 0-1)/2, and 6 (IQR 1-7)/15; mean practice score was 2.36 ± 1.25/6. A total of 84.0% expressed a need for continuing education.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Moroccan dentists showed suboptimal ortho-periodontal performance, with limited comprehensive periodontal assessment and variable interdisciplinary coordination. Training should prioritize periodontal diagnosis, full-mouth assessment, and structured co-management pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a nomogram for prediction of occlusal dentin caries in Norwegian children at risk: a 36-month follow-up study.","authors":"Lina Stangvaltaite-Mouhat, Ibrahimu Mdala, Ingrid Volden Klepaker, Tove Irene Wigen, Marte-Mari Uhlen-Strand, Rasa Skudutyte-Rysstad","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09819-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-09819-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to develop and internally validate a nomogram predictive model for occlusal dentin caries development on first permanent molars (FPMs) over 36 months in children at risk in Norway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For a practice-based split-mouth randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03315312, retrospectively registered in October 2017) comparing effectiveness of caries control methods (fissure sealants versus fluoride varnish), children aged 6 to 10 years considered at high caries risk (D₃MFT/d₃mft > 0) were recruited by calibrated dentists and dental hygienists during routine examination in the public dental service and monitored for 36 months. Outcome was development of occlusal dentin caries lesion on FPMs. Data on biological predictors were collected at baseline by clinicians. Data on behavioral predictors were collected using a questionnaire for parents. Clinical predictors included clinic's county, whether the participant was followed up by the same clinician and caries control method. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) logistic regression model was used to select relevant predictors and develop a nomogram for predicting dentin caries development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 330 participants, 174 (51.7) were boys. The Lasso logistic regression selected four predictors, d₃mft at age 5 years, occlusal surface baseline status, caries control method, and use of fluoride toothpaste, which were used to construct a nomogram. The Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve was 0.69 (95% CI 0.62-0.77), and Concordance Index was 0.68 (95% CI 0.60-0.76) in the training set and 0.67 (95% CI 0.59-0.74) in the validation set. The calibration belt indicated good calibration of the model (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, based on 36-month follow-up data in children at risk, we have developed and internally validated a nomogram to predict dentin caries on occlusal surfaces of FPMs. The findings suggest that nomogram approach may be a useful visual aid in clinical practice to facilitate informed decision-making; however, external validation in a large cohort study, transportability and applicability to different settings are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13628957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on 3D-printed methacrylated hyaluronic acid/methacrylated carboxymethyl chitosan/curcumin composite scaffolds for jaw bone regeneration.","authors":"Yaxuan Guo, Zhijun Xue, Hui Li, Yingchengyao Wang, Yajing Hou, Jing Shen","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09833-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09833-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the use of composite scaffolds composed of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA), methacrylated carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCSMA), and curcumin (Cur) in bone tissue regeneration. The repair of oral and maxillofacial bone defects poses a significant clinical challenge, and the development of innovative scaffold materials to facilitate bone regeneration is crucial. The objective of this study was to fabricate a composite scaffold that exhibits favorable biocompatibility and appropriate porosity (76%-87%), and to systematically assess its impact on the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts (MC3T3 cells). The CMCSMA/HAMA/Cur composite scaffold was successfully synthesized through chemical processes and three-dimensional printing, followed by a thorough material characterization. In vitro cellular assays revealed that the CMCSMA/HAMA/Cur composite scaffold demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, with a hemolysis rate below 5%, and facilitated the sustained release of Cur, underscoring its potential for localized drug delivery. Furthermore, the scaffold notably enhanced cell proliferation and migration compared to the Control group and modulated the expression of key genes Vegfa, Tnc, Pdgfb in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, thereby suggesting its capacity to promote osteogenic differentiation. This study offers a novel approach and provides a theoretical framework for future advancements in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, with the anticipation of further clinical evaluation and application.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13584451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Horizontal ridge augmentation in maxillary esthetic zone using bovine bone graft versus extended sticky bone with simultaneous implant placement: a randomized clinical study.","authors":"Amira A M M Attia, Mohammed A Abass, Mohammed Talaat Salem, Wael M Said Ahmed","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09431-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09431-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Horizontal ridge deficiency in the anterior maxilla may compromise optimal implant placement and esthetic outcomes. This randomized clinical trial evaluated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of bovine bone graft (Medpark)^® compared with extended sticky bone (ESB) for horizontal ridge augmentation with simultaneous implant placement.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixteen patients with missed maxillary anterior tooth and horizontal ridge resorption were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 8 each). Group I received Medpark graft, while Group II received ESB with simultaneous implant placement. Implant stability was assessed immediately and after 6 months. Soft tissue healing was evaluated using the Landry healing index at 2 and 4 weeks. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed preoperatively (T0), immediately postoperatively (T1), and at 6 months (T6) to assess volumetric bone changes. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software (p ≤ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All implants survived without complications. Implant stability increased significantly in both groups at 6 months (p = 0.001), with no significant intergroup differences. Soft tissue healing improved significantly over time in both groups (p = 0.008), without significant differences between them. Both groups demonstrated significant bone volume gain at T1 followed by partial reduction at T6, remaining above baseline. A significant difference was observed at T1 in favor of ESB (p = 0.001), while greater bone loss from T1 to T6 was noted in the ESB group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitations of this study, both Medpark and extended sticky bone demonstrated favorable short-term outcomes for horizontal ridge augmentation. Although extended sticky bone achieved greater immediate postoperative bone volume gain, greater subsequent resorption resulted in comparable clinical and radiographic outcomes between the two groups after 6 months. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required to determine the long-term clinical significance of these findings.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was listed on www.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov with registration number (NCT07589426) on 03/05/2026.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13617728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of an oral health questionnaire for chronic kidney disease (CKD-OHQ).","authors":"Yang Liu, Liyi An, Lin Xie, Zining Zhang, Jing Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09841-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09841-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral health problems are common among patients with chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease is associated with a broad range of oral manifestations, while poor oral health may accelerate chronic kidney disease progression, increase the risk of complications, and contribute to the overall disease burden. Despite their clinical importance, oral health problems often receive limited attention in routine nephrology care. This study aimed to develop and conduct a preliminary psychometric evaluation of the Chronic Kidney Disease Oral Health Questionnaire to assess nephrology healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported practices regarding oral health management in patients with chronic kidney disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The initial questionnaire was developed using a knowledge-attitude-practice framework, a literature review, and two rounds of expert consultation. In October 2025, the preliminary questionnaire was administered online to nephrology healthcare professionals in Hubei, Anhui, and Jiangsu provinces, China. Content and face validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were evaluated. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to examine the construct validity of the attitude and practice dimensions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The questionnaire comprised 25 items across three dimensions. A total of 169 valid responses were included. The scale-level content validity index was 0.95. Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.97 for the attitude dimension and 0.98 for the practice dimension, whereas the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 coefficient for the knowledge dimension was 0.46. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the total questionnaire was 0.95. Exploratory factor analysis of the attitude and practice items identified two factors that explained 83.34% of the total variance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The questionnaire offers a preliminary structured approach to assessing nephrology healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported practices regarding oral health management in patients with chronic kidney disease. The findings provide initial evidence of its measurement properties while indicating the need for further refinement and validation in larger, more diverse, and independently recruited samples before wider application.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of diode laser and hyaluronic acid on occlusion of dentinal tubules: an in-vitro study on human dentin.","authors":"Riham Hisham Mahmoud, Basma Hosny Mohamed, Rehab Khalil Safy, Mohamed Mostafa Abdel Moaty","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09733-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12903-026-09733-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common clinical condition characterized by short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentinal tubules. Occlusion of dentinal tubules remains a widely accepted approach for managing DH in dental practice. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of sodium fluoride, hyaluronic acid, diode laser, and their combinations on dentinal tubule occlusion in human dentin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty extracted human impacted third molars were sectioned into dentin discs and randomly allocated into five groups (n = 12): sodium fluoride varnish (M1), hyaluronic acid (M2), diode laser irradiation (M3), hyaluronic acid + diode laser (M4), and hyaluronic acid + sodium fluoride varnish (M5). All specimens were treated after initial smear layer removal with 17% EDTA. The surface area percentage of open dentinal tubules was evaluated using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) and ImageJ software at three time points: baseline (T0), after treatment (T1), and after pH cycling (T2). Data were analyzed using a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA to assess the effects of treatment modality, time, and their interaction, followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a statistically significant effect of treatment modality (p < 0.001), time (p < 0.001), and a significant treatment × time interaction (p < 0.001), indicating that changes over time differed among groups. At baseline (T0), no significant differences were observed among groups (p = 0.190). Following treatment (T1), the lowest mean surface area of open dentinal tubules was recorded in the hyaluronic acid + diode laser group (M4), while the highest was observed in the sodium fluoride group (M1). After pH cycling (T2), all groups showed an increase in tubule openness; however, M4 maintained the lowest values, indicating superior resistance to acidic challenge. Pairwise comparisons demonstrated statistically significant differences among most groups, except between M2 and M5.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within the limitations of this in vitro study, all tested modalities were effective in reducing the surface area of open dentinal tubules to varying degrees. The combination of hyaluronic acid and diode laser demonstrated the most pronounced occluding effect, indicating enhanced efficacy compared with the individual treatments. However, given the surface-based and laboratory nature of the assessment, further in vivo studies are required to confirm the clinical relevance and long-term stability of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13617726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tooth agenesis affects one in four individuals in a multicenter saudi sample: a cross-sectional study of hypodontia and regional variation.","authors":"Nora Alhazmi, Bassam Al Alola, Ruba Alkadhi, Fathima F Farook, Raghad Salem Al Amri, Raneem Al Oufi, Sahar Al Otaibi, Abdulrahman Saleh Alshehri, Sultan Abdulaziz Altowairqi, Maysaa Khojah, Razan Abdullah Alhazmi, Amani Abdullah Alkhamees, Ghada Alaglan, Doaa H Alsaggaf, Dana A Alyafi, Abdulaziz Alamri, Sarah Alqanas, Sami Abdullah Almohefer, Hala Alshammari","doi":"10.1186/s12903-026-09807-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-09807-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypodontia is a common developmental dental anomaly with significant functional and esthetic consequences. However, large-scale multicenter evidence from Saudi Arabia remains limited. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypodontia and identify its demographic and regional determinants across five regions of the Kingdom.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective multicenter cross-sectional study analyzed 3,170 panoramic radiographs from seven academic institutions across Central, Eastern, Western, Northern, and Southern Saudi Arabia (2015-2025). Saudi nationals aged 7 to less than 21 years were included, while individuals with craniofacial anomalies, systemic conditions affecting tooth development, prior orthodontic treatment, and oligodontia were excluded. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of tooth agenesis, including third molars, was 24.3% (n = 769; 95% CI: 22.8-25.8%). When third molars were excluded, the prevalence of hypodontia was 6.47% (n = 205; 95% CI: 5.2-6.9%). Without third molars, prevalence was 6.61% among females and 6.29% among males, with no statistically significant sex-related difference (p = 0.767). A small age difference was observed between participants with and without hypodontia (p = 0.001); however, age was not independently associated with hypodontia in the adjusted model (OR = 0.980, p = 0.369). Significant regional variation was observed in the adjusted model, with higher odds in the Eastern (OR = 1.56, p = 0.034) and Western (OR = 1.67, p = 0.013) regions compared with the Central region.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tooth agenesis, including third molars, was observed in approximately one in four individuals (24.3%) in this multicenter study, while conventional hypodontia, excluding third molars, affected approximately 6.47% of participants. Significant regional variation was observed, with no significant sex difference. These findings provide important multicenter epidemiological evidence and support early diagnosis and region-specific preventive and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9072,"journal":{"name":"BMC Oral Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}