Journal of athletic enhancement最新文献

{"title":"Using Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing Solutions to Improve Performance during Sprint-Based Running and Cycling: A Literature Review","authors":"M. Deutz, R. Vollmer, K. Wolfe","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000265","url":null,"abstract":"Carbohydrate mouth rinsing is best defined as flushing a carbohydrate-based solution around the oral cavity for a specified period of time followed by the subsequent expulsion of fluid. In the past decade, ample research has emerged linking carbohydrate mouth rinses to benefits in athletic performance; however, the majority of this research has promoted rinsing carbohydrate-based solutions to enhance moderate-to-high intensity (endurance) activity. More recently, several studies have sought to understand the potential impact that carbohydrate mouth rinsing may have on very-high intensity (sprint-based) activity. The purpose of this review was to evaluate these new sprint-based studies in order to determine the effectiveness of this novel approach on athletic performance enhancement. As of December 2016, nine original studies had been conducted in this specific area and were included in this literature review. Of the nine studies, five were cycling-based and four were running-based sprinting tests. Activity was assessed by peak power output, mean power output, time, distance, and electromyograpic measures. Based on current evidence, it appears unlikely that carbohydrate mouth rinsing will enrich performance during sprint-based activity beyond the potential enhancement of a brief preliminary sprint (zero- to five-seconds), although, the benefits garnered in this initial sprint may come at the expense of forthcoming performance. Future studies should use larger and more diverse sample sizes to clarify the relationship between carbohydrate mouth rinsing and sprint-based performance.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81086622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation of Ball Velocity between the Instep and Inside of the Foot Kicks of University Soccer Players","authors":"M. Ahsan, Q. Muaidi","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000264","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to investigate ball velocity of instep and inside foot kicks of university level soccer players. \u0000Method: The participants sample consisted twenty university soccer players from Fiji National University, Fiji. All participants have minimum of four years playing experience. The participants delivered instep and inside foot kicks using the right leg. Participants wore a complete soccer kit. Two cameras were used for this study. The cameras intersected each other perpendicularly on sagittal and frontal plans. Motion Analysis Tools (MAT) software was used to determine the ball velocity and IBM SPSS 30 was used to calculate pair t-test involving two tail tests to determine the significant difference of the ball velocity of university soccer players. \u0000Results: The results of the study indicate that the mean velocity of instep soccer kick is higher than the mean velocity of the inside foot soccer kicks. A significant difference also exists at the .05 level between the instep and the inside foot soccer kicks of the participants. \u0000Conclusion: It can be concluded that the inside foot kick resulted in a lower ball velocity than the instep kick on the part of the university level players.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77013295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robotic Rehabilitation Treatment Influences Power and Active Straight Leg Raise Performance in Division II Female Athletes","authors":"S. Terrell, C. Allen, James Lynch","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000267","url":null,"abstract":"1.1 Background: Therapeutic robotic arm technology is a rehabilitation device for physical therapy that lengthens muscles using repeated precise and directed pressure. This therapy has improved range of motion, reduced pain, and improved activities for daily living in the general population. However, the impact of this therapy in improving sports performance in the competitive athlete population remains unclear. The purpose of this research was to explore the impact of a therapeutic robotic arm treatment on the vertical jump and the Active Straight Leg Raise test [ASLR] in Division II female athletes. \u00001.2 Methods: Twenty-one (n=21) competitive Division II athletes completed a vertical jump and active straight leg raise assessment before and after a 60 minute therapeutic robotic arm treatment on the bilateral hamstrings, quadriceps and hip flexor muscle groups. \u00001.3 Results: Mean vertical jump pre-testing height achieved for all athletes was 39.47 cm (SD=4.55) and declined to 35.52 cm (SD=4.34) post treatment (p < 0.001; 95% CI, 1.03-1.73). Basketball athletes vertical jump declined from 38.43 cm (SD=3.23) to 34.19 cm (SD=3.07) and volleyball athletes vertical jump declined from 40.64 cm (SD=5.61) to 37.82 cm (SD=4.88). ASLR scores improved in 66.6% of athletes presenting either a 2 or 1 composite score on the pre-test. \u00001.4 Conclusion: An acute robotic arm treatment attenuated vertical jump performance while improving ASLR in athletes presenting a reduced composite score. Maintaining performance throughout an entire season requires an integrated training and rehabilitation approach. Future research should examine the influence of multiple robotic treatments on various performance measures.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80569621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Dietary Intake and Psychological Status in Japanese High School Athletes","authors":"Morimasa Kato, Hyukki Chang, H. Saito, Takuya Taira, Shizuka Ogawa, K. Nagasaki, Y. Yaguchi, M. Yanagita","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000259","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000Athletes that undertake strenuous training have markedly higher energy consumption than the average non-training person.Therefore, nutrient intake has a greater impact on body condition, and this point is particularly important in younger athletes who are still in their growth phase. The present study involved conducting a lecture on nutrition twice a year over two years for the top athletes of Yamagata Prefecture. At the same time, we examined the dietary intake and psychological status of these high school athletes. \u0000Methods \u0000Eighteen high school athletes (9 males and 9 females) participated in this study. In the first year, we conducted once dietary intake survey and twice nutrition lectures. In the second year, we conducted once dietary intake survey and psychological assessment using the Profile of Mood States (POMS), and twice nutrition lectures.The anthropometry data were analyzed using a paired t-test, while the proper quantities and actual amounts of food intake per subject were compared using Student's t-test. The relationship between nutrient intake and psychological status was examined by correlation analysis. Comparisons between group and non-group based on whether they met the Japanese criteria of macronutrient intake from dietary reference intakes (DRIs) were performed using the Mann-Whitney test. \u0000Results \u0000The subjects showed physical growth throughout the study period; however, vitamin intake was insufficient. Additionally, the imbalance in percentages of protein (P), fat (F) and carbohydrates (C) ratios (PFC ratio) was associated with the fatigue score. The vigor scores were higher in the group that met the criteria of macronutrient intake. \u0000Conclusion \u0000The present findings show that there is clearly a relationship between nutritional intake and the psychological condition of high school athletes.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"97 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77224475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparisons between Low-Intensity Resistance Training with Moderate Blood Flow Restriction and High-Intensity Resistance Training on Quadriceps Muscle Strength and Mass","authors":"Christopher K. Carroll, Tyson Eckel Bs, Gabriel Walker Bs","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000257","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Elderly and rehabilitating populations who are unable to exercise under high loads are likely to experience muscle atrophy. Low intensity blood flow restriction training (LI-BFRT) can promote increases muscle mass comparable to conventional high-intensity resistance training (HI). However, strength discrepancies have been reported between LI-BFRT and HI programs. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine whether similar muscle strength and power improvements are found in both 1RM and non-specific strength tests between LI-BFRT and HI groups. \u0000Methods: Six male subjects (x age 20.8 years ± 1.6) free of any musculoskeletal disorders with no anaerobic resistance training in the 6 weeks prior to testing participated in 4 week strength exercise program. Pre- and post- force and power tests were assessed using a 1RM test and a triaxial accelerometer (Myotest® SA) to measure power and velocity during a squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ). Subjects were randomly assigned one of two groups: LI-BFRT (40% 1RM at 40% arterial occlusion for 3 sets of 15 reps) or HI (80% 1RM for 3 sets of 8 reps). Both groups completed leg extensions twice a week for 4 weeks on a leg-extension machine. \u0000Results: Significant increase in LI-BFRT for SJ power x= 42.2 W/ kg ± 3.6, SJ Power x= 45.7 W/kg ± 3.3; p=0.037, CMJ Velocity x= 245 cm/s ± 1.4, CMJ Velocity x= 269 cm/s ± 2.1; p=0.014 and 1RM x= 112.5kg ± 18.4, 1RM x =138.8kg ± 20.4; p=0.006.) was observed. No significant change was observed in the HI group. \u0000Conclusion: The LI-BFRT subjects power output increased over the 4-week program. Improvements may be attributed to the neuromuscular adaptation that occurred through intervention. This pilot study suggests that BFRT could promote or increases muscle power comparable to results observed after conventional highintensity(HI) resistance training, when measured via non-specific muscular strength tests.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"136 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77462797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex Training: An Update","authors":"K. Ali, Ejaz Hussain M, Shalini Verma, Irshad Ahmad, D. Singla, P. Jha","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000261","url":null,"abstract":"The term ‘complex training’ refers to a training mode which combines one set of strength training with a comparable set of plyometric exercises in same training session and is believed to enhance the quality of the plyometric training stimulus. This idea of combining biomechanically similar exercises is proposed to be a favourable strategy for improving rate of force development and dynamic power by better neuromuscular control. High-intensity resistance training creates an optimal training state for the subsequent plyometric bout by means of neuromuscular, hormonal, metabolic, myogenic, and psychomotor factors that allow it to serve as a strategy for continued neural adaptations. This review aims to present the current body of knowledge regarding the effects of complex training, discussing in brief, its mechanism, the various training variables that might act to confound its efficacy and finally, its comparison with other popular modes of training. In conclusion, complex training appears to be a safe and effective mode yielding gains of both strength and power training in the same session, however, further research is warranted to better understand the operating physiological mechanisms and to derive more concrete results regarding the most optimal training variables.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77264194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reliability of Reactive Agility Testing in 5th Grade Females","authors":"J. Cr, D. Phillips, M. DeBeliso","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000258","url":null,"abstract":"Reactive agility is important in sports such as soccer, football and basketball. Reactive agility testing (RAT) is a common measure of change of direction, speed, balance and quickness. RAT in adult and elite athletes is common; however, there is limited documentation of RAT in pre-adolescent girls. Hence, the purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of the RAT in 5th grade females. Elementary school-aged females (n=14, 10.1 ± 0.4 years), performed four trials of the reactive agility test (RAT), two of which were learning trials. Each trial was timed with a handheld stop watch with a 1 minute rest period between trials. The trial 3 and 4 scores were 4.54 ± 0.77 and 4.47 ± 0.73 seconds respectively. The interclass and intraclass reliability coefficients were r=0.85 and ICC=0.87. The standard error of measure was SEm=0.29 seconds with 90% confidence limits of UL: 0.43, LL: 0.22. The mean difference between trials was -0.07 ± 0.41 seconds (90% confidence limits of UL: 0.12, LL: -0.27).Within the parameters of this study, the RAT is a highly reliable field test for measuring reactive agility in pre-adolescent girls.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89159249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Verbal Coach Encouragement on Small Sided Games Intensity and Perceived Enjoyment in Youth Soccer Players","authors":"O. Selmi, W. B. Khalifa, N. Ouerghi, Fedi Amara, Mehrzia Zouaoui, A. Bouassida","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000262","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of coach encouragement during small-sided games (SSG) on physical enjoyment (PE) and exercise intensity in youth soccer players. \u0000Methods: Fourteen U-16 male soccer players (mean ± SD: age=15.7 ± 0.7 years, height=176.5 ± 6.1 cm, body mass=67.2 ± 4.9 kg, and body fat=10.7 ± 0.7 %) took part in this study. Testing of players was conducted on separate days (each training session: 25-min: 4x4-min work with 3-min of passive recovery in-between) under two conditions with and without verbal encouragement during 4vs. 4 SSG on a 40×30-m pitch size. PE was measured using the Physical 18-item Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. The players ’heart rate (HR) was continuously measured, whereas ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected after each bouts of SSG. \u0000Results: The comparison between the two forms of SSG (with and without verbal encouragement) resulted in: a main effect for “condition” on RPE was observed (p<0.001), an increase of percent of HRmax (%HRmax) (p<0.001) and PE (p<0.001). \u0000Conclusion: Coach Encouragement improves the SSG intensity and PE. Our findings emphasize the effectiveness of verbal encouragement coach in motor learning, commitment and the smooth running of a training session.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87534002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Adaptogenic Supplements on Adapting to Stress: A Randomized, Controlled Trial","authors":"A. Hovhannisyan, Magnus Nyl, er, G. Wikman, Alex, E. Panossian","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000205","url":null,"abstract":"Efficacy of Adaptogenic Supplements on Adapting to Stress: A Randomized, Controlled Trial \u0000Objective: The aim of this randomized, double-blinded, placebocontrolled trial was to assess the efficacy of adaptogens on the physical and emotional stress-induced loss of concentration, coordination, fatigue and hormonal changes in 215 elite athletes. This study explores two formulations, ADAPT-232S and ADAPT-S, that had standardized contents of salidroside, schisandrin, eleutherosides B and E, ecdisterone and pantothenic acid. Methods: Standard psychological scales and computerized neurophysiological and blood tests were used to assess the efficacy of the treatments at the baseline and then after 7, 8, 28 and 29 days of daily oral administration. Fatigue was chosen as one of the primary outcomes and was measured as selective inattention and impulsivity in the Conners’ computerized continuous performance test (CCPT) and three standard psychological rating scales, the fatigue severity score (FSS), the perceived stress score (PSS) and the Shirom-Melamed burnout score (SMBS). The anabolic index (blood testosterone/cortisol ratio) and blood lactate were selected as primary outcomes in the phase of recovery of athletes on the second day after heavy physical exercise or competitions. Results: Significant differences (p<0.01) between the placebo and verum groups in favor of ADAPT-232S and ADAPT-S were found in the primary and some secondary outcomes: Conners’ computerized continuous performance test parameters of selective attention and impulsivity, anabolic index, cortisol and lactate levels in blood, fatigue severity score, perceived stress score, and physical performance tests. The sport achievements of athletes were in favor of the ADAPT groups. All of the treatments were well tolerated. The total numbers of adverse events did not differ among the three groups. Conclusions: The adaptogenic preparations, ADAPT-232S or ADAPT-S, are safe and effective supplements for enhancing tolerance to physical and emotional stress as well as for the recovery of athletes during and after high–intensity exercise and competitions.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74797144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Ankle Bracing Vs. Taping on Vertical Jump Performance","authors":"Kyle A Burnett, L. Brown, R. Kersey, K. K. Tsang","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000187","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of Ankle Bracing Vs. Taping on Vertical Jump Performance \u0000The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ankle taping and bracing on ankle plantar and dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) and vertical jump performance. Twenty males with no history of current or recent lower extremity injury were recruited to participate. Subjects randomly performed under three conditions on three different days, (T) taping, (B) bracing, and (C) control. Ankle ROM was assessed at four time periods each day: pre-condition, post-condition, post-warm-up and post-jump. Following the condition application, subjects completed a dynamic warm-up and then performed three maximal vertical jumps on a force plate. Relative ground reaction force (relGRF) and relative impact force (relIF) were measured by the force plate, while vertical jump height (VJH) was estimated using the time-in-air equation. Ankle dorsi-plantar flexion ROM was measured using a standard goniometer and expressed in total degrees. The same certified athletic trainer performed all tape and brace applications, as well as all measurements. ANOVA for ROM revealed no differences at pre-condition, but control was significantly greater than T and B at all other time points. Vertical jump performance was not different between conditions. Although T and B ROM was acutely decreased and then increased over time, values were still less than C. Therefore, within the limits of this study, prophylactic taping and bracing may be used to provide ankle support without compromising vertical jump performance.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83009583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}