Journal of athletic enhancement最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Increased Heart Rate on Memory and Performance of a Motor Sequence","authors":"G. Masterson, J. Masterson, Keri Nicolas Ms","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000244","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to assess how an elevated heart rate affected an adolescent female’s ability to adapt a learned motor sequence. Participants (N=32) mastered a basketball dribbling sequence and then the test group raised their heart rate. All participants were then asked to make modifications to the original sequence through verbal cues and to perform the new sequence.Results indicate that cardiovascular fatigue could impact the athletes’ ability to adapt learned motor sequences possibly because fatigue may limit the capacity to successful encode the actionintent- cue or recognize the already memorized cue.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90977254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Track and Field School Athletes in the Brazilian National School Games: Characterization of Nutritional Aspects, Anthropometric Profile, Sport Training and Performance","authors":"Aless, R. Mendes, R. Ribeiro, B. B. Bernardi, S. McAnulty, Tácito Pessoa de Souza Júnior","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000232","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the relationship between anthropometric profile, dietary practices, sport training, and sports performance of school- athletes (15-17 years old) from athletics, participating in the national stage of the Brazilian School Games (JEBs) in the year 2013. This study is justified not only by the importance of these aspects in the preparation of sports but also for a role in the determination of income contribution. Still, the article through empirical data will complement the few data in the literature about the nutritional status of school athletes, mainly in athletics. The goal was to characterize the anthropometric profile, nutritional aspects and sport training practices (type, frequency and duration) of 50 Brazilian school-athletes (23 ♂ and ♀ 27) practitioners of athletics, and correlate this information to sports performance of these athletes on the national stage of the Brazilian School Games 2013, in the 15 to 17 years old category. As a method, we utilized a nutritional survey and a questionnaire to obtain data about sport training, which was collected through anthropometric measurements and analysed through the performance of these athletes through the competition results. Among the results, the following stand out: low fat percentage for boys and girls with stature and BMI predominantly normal, but with classification of overweight and obesity among female participants on field trials; calorie intake below the recommended but with macronutrient intake inadequate in proteins and carbohydrates; 28% used dietary supplements and 10% used drugs due to pain and anaemia; as for sports performance a large part of the sample qualified (25.5%) and some participated in the Final (42.5%) and took the podium (6.4%), even under these conditions. Among those who earned a place at the podium there was predominance for those who were born in the first half of the year.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77984613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of High-Intensity Circuit Training on Calcaneal Bone Status in Collegiate Women","authors":"Y. Yoshimura, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Mihoko Shimomura, K. Iide, K. Oda, H. Imamura","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000240","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of high-intensity circuit training (HICT) using body weight as resistance on calcaneal bone status in sedentary collegiate women. \u0000Methods: The subjects were 24 healthy sedentary collegiate women and were randomly divided into 2 groups: 12 in the HICT group and 12 in the control group. The HICT group performed 14-min HICT, 2 d•wk-1 for 10 weeks. Quantitative ultrasound measurements of the right calcaneus were performed to measure speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), and stiffness index (SI).Nutrient intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. \u0000Results: After the training period, the HICT group showed significantly lower body weight, fat mass and %Fat, whereas there were no significant changes in the control group. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in energy or nutrient intake before or after the training period. After the training period, the HICT group exhibited significant increases of SOS and SI, whereas the controls did not show any significant changes. \u0000Conclusion: Performing 14-min of HICT, 2 d•wk-1, for 10 weeks has positive effects on calcaneal bone status.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"89 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80351544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reliability of a Rotational Power Assessment of the Core","authors":"J. Zois, Anthony P. Sharp, K. Talukdar, J. Cronin","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000241","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Most athletic upper-body power generation involves high levels of neuromuscular activation/coordination of a rotational nature. Therefore, it is important to assess athletic ability that replicates the rotational activity of athletes. However, a paucity of research currently measures rotational power of the core. \u0000Objective: Establish inter-day reliability of chop and lift mean power output via a linear position transducer on rotational reliant power athletes. \u0000Design: Controlled laboratory study. \u0000Setting: Professional cricket training facilities. \u0000Population: Eight male professional cricket players (age= 23±3.38 years, height= 186±10.06 cm, mass= 89.71±8.12 kg) with a resistance (>2 years) training background volunteered to participate in the study. \u0000Intervention: A linear position transducer was attached to the weight stack of a cable pulley system to determine the peak power outputs associated with a chop and lift movement. Assessment occurred on three occasions separated by at least seven days.Asymmetry, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and coefficient of variations (CV) were calculated and used to quantify the absolute and relative consistency of the testing procedures. \u0000Results: The mean peak power outputs for chop and lift ranged from 404 - 494W and 277-314W respectively, the power outputs differing minimally (2.7-6.3%) between the left and right sides. Coefficients of variation of 7.4% - 19% were reported, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.54 - 0.94 observed between testing occasions. \u0000Conclusion: Mean muscular power output associated with the lift assessment reported greatest reliability in well trained athletes.The asymmetry between sides was relatively small suggesting \u0000balanced multi-planar trunk development in the current throwing athletes. Equipment limitations (load related), training status and variable selection (mean or peak power) need to be considered prior to rotational assessment of the core. \u0000It is recommended that the lift movement is utilized in rotational  power assessments, or that greater familiarization is undertaken when administering the chop assessment.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89596145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen Uptake, Acid-Base Balance and Anaerobic Energy System Contribution in Maximal 300 â 400 M Running in Child, Adolescent and Adult Athletes","authors":"Nikke Vilmi, S. Äyrämö, A. Nummela, T. Pullinen, V. Linnamo, K. Häkkinen, A. Mero","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000231","url":null,"abstract":"1.1 Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate oxygen uptake, acid-base balance and energy system contributions during and after short maximal running in adult (n = 8), adolescent (n = 8) and child (n = 8) male athletes. \u00001.2 Methods: The tests included a maximal time trial of 400 m, 350 m and 300 m for different age groups respectively and a VO2max running test on a 200 m indoor track. Capillary blood samples to analyse pH and lactate were taken before and after the time trial. Energy system contributions were estimated using the accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) method. \u00001.3 Results: Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) during the time trial was the lowest in children (53.1 ± 4.6 ml/kg/min) compared to adolescents (59.9 ± 3.7 ml/kg/min, P < 0.01) and to adults (60.7 ± 2.4 ml/kg/min, P < 0.01). After the time trial minimal blood pH was the lowest in adults (6.97 ± 0.06) compared to adolescents (7.14 ± 0.07, P < 0.05) and children (7.18 ± 0.03, P < 0.001) and maximal blood lactate was the greatest in adults (17.4 ± 1.8 mmol/l) compared to adolescents (13.3 ± 3.7 mmol/l, P < 0.05) and children (10.2 ± 1.1mmol/l, P < 0.01). The estimated anaerobic energy percentage during the time trial was the greatest in adults (53 ± 5 %) compared to adolescents (44 ± 7 %, P < 0.05) and children (45 ± 5 %, P < 0.05). \u00001.4 Conclusion: The present data demonstrated that adult and adolescent male athletes achieved greater oxygen uptake than child athletes during maximal 52–54 s running and adult athletes used mainly anaerobic energy and achieved greater acidosis than adolescents and children, who used mainly aerobic energy.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82828767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balance Assessment Changes in Female Collegiate Soccer Players over a 2-Year Period","authors":"H. Wallmann, W. R. VanWye","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000236","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the balance changes in female collegiate soccer players over a 2-year period. \u0000Methods: Seven females from a Division I university soccer team (starting mean age, 17.71 years; SD=0.49) completed the 2-year study. Subjects were assessed on the NeuroCom Smart® Balance \u0000Master system before their freshman seasons and were re-tested at the beginning of each subsequent fall season for static balance on the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and for dynamic balance on the Limits of Stability (LOS) Test. Mean differences were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA. \u0000Results: Players’ overall static balance improved as noted by the increase in the composite equilibrium score for the SOT: F2,12=12.94, p=0.001. Pairwise comparisons revealed a significant increase from year 1 [79.1 (2.9)] to year 2 [84.7(3.1)] (p=0.009) and year 1 to year 3 [86.4 (2.8)] (p=0.008). Significant improvements in balance were noted for the following SOT conditions: condition4 (F2,12=3.94, p=0.048); condition 5 (F2,12=13.77, p=0.001); and condition 6 (F2,12=4.44,p=0.036). Pairwise comparisons revealed changes from year 1 [85.8 (5.4)] to year 3 [91.6 (1.6)] for condition 4 (p =0.05) and year 1 [69.2 (6.4)] to year 3 [79.9 (6.0)] for condition 6 (p=0.036). In condition 5, balance improved from year 1 [59.5 (8.9)] to year 2 [76.5 (6.4)] (p=0.006) and from year 1 to year 3 [76.4 (7.1)] (p=0.008). A significant change was observed in LOS for Backward Endpoint Excursion (F2,12=5.44, p=0.021) with pairwise comparisons revealing a significant increase from year 1 [51.0 (11.2)] to year 3 [66.5 (10.2)] (p=0.017). \u0000Conclusion: This study showed that female soccer players’ performance increased components of static and dynamic balance,which indicates that participating in soccer may not be detrimental to the overall balance performance of a female collegiate soccer player and may actually enhance it.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89217089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcaneal Bone Status in Elite Karate Practitioners","authors":"H. Imamura, K. Oda, K. Miyahara, Kayoko Matsuo, K. Tai, Y. Yoshimura, K. Iide","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000234","url":null,"abstract":"Karate is one of the most popular martial arts practiced both inside and outside of Japan. Traditional karate training consists of the practice of basic techniques, kata and sparring. The basic techniques such as punching, kicking, blocking and striking are practiced either in the stationary position or with body movements in various formal stances. Kata are set forms in a pre-established sequence of defensive and offensive techniques and movements. Sparring is the execution of defensive and offensive techniques while one is freely moving against an opponent. In addition to the traditional karate training, many competitive practitioners cross train by undertaking strenuous running and weight training programs to increase endurance, muscle development and power.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"65 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83404186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Six-Week Neuromuscular and Performance Training Program Improves Speed, Agility, Dynamic Balance, and Core Endurance in Junior Tennis Players","authors":"S. Barber-Westin, Alex A Hermeto, F. Noyes","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000185","url":null,"abstract":"A Six-Week Neuromuscular and Performance Training Program Improves Speed, Agility, Dynamic Balance, and Core Endurance in Junior Tennis Players \u0000 \u0000Tennis requires speed, agility, and explosive power. Few studies have assessed the effects of a training program in junior players who are not on an elite or national level. We evaluated the impact of a program that combined components of a knee ligament injury prevention program with other exercises to improve athletic performance indicators. We hypothesized that this program would significantly improve dynamic single-leg balance and function, correct lower limb asymmetry, enhance speed and agility, and improve core endurance.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89846030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport Specific Adaptation in Rotation Range of Motion in the Elite Golfer’s Shoulder","authors":"T. Mackenzie, L. Herrington, L. Funk, Ian Horlsey, A. Cools","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000223","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Shoulder rotation in golfers is thought to determine the length of the back swing, which in turn influences club-head speed and ball drive distance. In athletes a decrease in shoulder internal rotation in the dominant shoulder when compared with the opposite side has been noted and is associated with increased risk of shoulder injury. It was hypothesised that golfers would bilaterally have more rotation range of motion compared to controls and that golfers would exhibit a unique pattern of rotation range of motion between their dominant and non-dominant/lead shoulders. The aim of the study was to compare rotation range of shoulder motion within and between male elite golfers and male non-athlete controls. Method: Forty five male golfers on European Challenge Tour and thirty six non-athlete control volunteers meet the inclusion criteria for the study. An inclinometer was used to determine the passive shoulder rotation range with the participant in supine. Results: Golfers’ shoulders have significantly more rotation range than controls in total arc of rotation (dominant side Δ15.30°, nondominant/lead side Δ21.98°, p=0.01) and in external rotation (dominant side Δ7.94°, non-dominant/lead side Δ11.04°, p=0.01). In golfers there are no differences in side to side comparison in: shoulder total arc of rotation (p=0.48), internal rotation (p=0.52), or in external rotation (p=0.54). Conclusion: Golfers’ shoulders have significantly more range than controls in total arc of rotation and in external rotation but the professional golfers in this study were not found to have a unique pattern of shoulder rotations between sides. This study endorses screening of shoulder rotation range in healthy elite professional golfers using side to side comparison. If unique loss of range is noted between sides in the context of a loss of total rotation range it may have consequences for the efficacy of the swing technique and potentially imply risk to injury","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84376317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Study Comparing Minimalist Design Running Shoes with Traditional Motion Control Foam Core Running Shoes","authors":"P. D. Christie, Ryan W Jackson, Christopher T Carper, M. Gymrek, Jimmy Riccitello, Stephen J Lyons","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000225","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the relative benefits of traditional motion-control running shoe design and the contemporary trend toward a minimalist shoe. Proponents of minimalist design claim that the lower heel and freedom of movement inherent in its lighter design promotes proper biomechanics and results in greater efficiency while advocates of the more traditional motion control foam core running shoe point to the advantages of greater stability and cushioning to prevent injury. The study consisted of a total of four phases where the subjects first ran in traditional motion control foam core shoes over a given distance and at a constant perceived level of effort and then were switched to minimalist shoes. Each phase consisted of a set of at least 9 different workouts distributed over a three-week period of time. Each workout consisted of the participant running 4 intervals of either 800 meter or 1600 meter distances. Phase One was an adjustment to the study protocol. In Phase Two the subjects ran in their usual foam core running shoes. Phase Three was an adjustment to the minimalist shoes done through alternating foam core and minimalist shoes. Phase Four consisted of running solely in the minimalist shoe. The 29 runners measured in the study were all able to demonstrate that they ran faster using the minimalist running shoes when compared to their traditional foam core shoes. These results confirm that at a comparable perceived effort, when the performance of athletes using a minimalist shoe was compared with the performance of the same athlete using tradition motion control foam core shoes, the performance measured in minimalist running shoes demonstrated greater speed and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81214893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}