Journal of athletic enhancement最新文献

{"title":"Coordination Abilities of Athletes: Basics of Manifestation, Evaluation and Elucidation: A Review","authors":"V. Issurin, V. Lyakh","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000255","url":null,"abstract":"The coordination abilities (CA) of athletes largely determine how well they acquire and refine technical skills and serve as background for sport-specific techno-tactical mastery. Descriptions of CA contain many equivocal and incomplete statements. This paper is intended to review basic positions, evidence from scientific studies and advanced practice focusing on principal aspects of the manifestation, evaluation and elucidation of coordination prerequisites for athletic mastery. The current widely accepted classification of basic CA embraces kinesthetic differentiation, rhythmic ability, spatial orientation, complex motor reaction, and agility and balance ability. Available research findings make it possible to characterize efficient manifestation of CA and training outcomes of programs to intentionally stimulate various CA.As a rule the CA level of qualified athletes is significantly higher compared to non-athletic subjects. Furthermore, systematic athletic training leads to a remarkable increase in coordinative competence as well as enhanced sport-specific technical skills. Correspondingly, more qualified athletes demonstrate higher levels of CA than their less competent counterparts.Training strategies to implement coordination programs may emphasize three basic versions: (1) complex stimulation of many CA, (2) selective accentuated training for the improvement of certain sport-specific CA, and (3) prospective planning of coordination training as part of specialized multiyear preparation. Ages 8 to 10 years have been singled out as the most favorable time span for the development of coordinative prerequisites. The subsequent period of puberty is characterized by a growth spurt which has a detrimental impact on CA development. At that time pronounced coordination training is required to compensate for this negative effect. Further preparation of more mature and qualified athletes should also include sufficient volumes of coordination training to support techno-tactical mastery and to prevent injuries.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81958164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance Training, Recovery and Genetics: AMPD1 the Gene for Recovery","authors":"C. Collins","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000256","url":null,"abstract":"Genetics play a major role in every aspect of our lives; they determine our hair colour, eye colour, height, disease risks, gifts and some of our mannerisms. As such they also play a large function in our response to exercise and physical stressors. The gene AMPD1 is a protein coding gene, encoding adenosine monophosphate deminase 1. AMPD1 catalyses the deamination (the removal of an amine group from a molecule) of AMP to IMP in skeletal muscle, deficiency of the AMPD1 enzyme is a common cause of exercise-induced myopathy and probably the most common cause of metabolic myopathy. It appears that those with at least one T variant in AMPD1 (rs17602729) require longer rest periods between bouts of weight training, require longer between sessions and have increased perceived pain post training.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"2000 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82797705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Quantitative Analysis of Ground Contact Time, Impulse, and Average Force in Various Plyometric Exercises","authors":"Christopher K. Carroll, M. Jd, Josh Treimer","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000253","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Hurdle hops and jumping variations have been utilized as explosive, reactive movements by strength coaches to prepare their athletes and optimize their rate of force production. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in ground contact time and impulse between hurdle hops and two separate jump variations. The objective is to provide sports performance professionals with a quantitative analysis of these movements to enhance the quality and overall effectiveness of their training regimens. \u0000Methods: Eighteen Division l male ice hockey players participated to assess differences in ground contact time, impulse, and average force produced between hurdle hops (18\") and two jump variations: Antagonistically Facilitated Specialized Movement (AFSM) and Depth Drop Jump (DDJ). Participants were familiarized with each of the two jump variations and the hurdle hop prior to testing. Hurdle hop data was collected in two trials for each of the first and third hurdle hops. Jump data was collected in two trials for each of the two jump variations. \u0000Results: Paired-sample t-tests displayed significant differences between hurdle hops (HH) and AFSM jumps in movement time (p=0.000, HH=0.221s ± 0.039s, AFSM=0.430s ± 0.062s), impulse (p=0.000, HH=633N*s ± 65N*s, AFSM=777N*s ± 88N*s) and average force (p=0.000, HH=2905 ± 354N, AFSM=1827 ± 198N). Additionally, there was significant differences between HH and DDJ in movement time (p=0.000, HH=0.221s ± 0.039s, DDJ= 0.367 ± 0.055), impulse (p=0.000, HH=633N*s ± 65N*s, DDJ=768N*s ± 85N*s), and average force produced (p=0.000, HH=2905 ± 354N, DDJ=2115N ± 213N). \u0000Conclusion: Findings support significant differences when performing hurdle hops in comparison to the performance of an AFSM jump or a DDJ. While the change in momentum (impulse) is greater in both jump variations when measured against the hurdle hops, the movement time and average force produced throughout the movement is less in the hurdle hops than in the jump variations. Sports performance professionals could use these quantified differences to appropriately cater exercises based on the desired training parameter.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"2017 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79476035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Agility Type Sprint Interval Training and Continuous Training on Aerobic and Anaerobic Capabilities of Young Soccer Players","authors":"Gahlul Salah, M. Cavar, P. Hofmann","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000254","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to investigate the effects of short agility type (SIT) and continuous training (CT) to enhance aerobic and anaerobic capabilities in young soccer players. 34 participants from two teams were evaluated. The SIT group (n=17) performed three to five sets of 3 × 40 m agility type maximal sprints. The CT group (n=17) performed 28 to 41 min of continuous forward running at 65% HRmax. Both groups trained two sessions a week. The following Outcomes were measured at baseline and after 6 weeks: HRTP, HRmax, YOYOIR, 30 m sprint, 300 m shuttle run, vertical jump and agility test. At the post-test the 30 m time improved significantly in both the SIT and CT by 5% and 4.8%, agility test by 4.1% and 5.9%, Yo-YoIR test by 547 m and 501 m, respectively. SIT group recorded improvements in the 300 m shuttle run (3.7%) but CT showed a significant improvement in the HRTP. The 12 SIT training sessions showed no significantly greater effects on the soccer-specific aerobic and anaerobic capabilities in comparison to the CT training. Intermittent loads similar to SIT are frequently performed by soccer players with accompanying limited duration of experiment and volume most likely covered transformational specificity of applied SIT.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"53 4 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80922106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of physical activity on functional health of older adults: a systematic review","authors":"M. Lam, Y. Lei, R. Ho, B. Cheung, D. Lo, Lily Hongli Sun, Cherrie Chung Yan Lai, Winnie Tam, Stella Sin-tung Kwok, S. Flint, R. Peake, Ka Yiu Lee","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000260","url":null,"abstract":"Reviews on the relationships between functional health and physical activity of general older adults have been well documented in literature. However, specific age range of older adults, in particular, older adults of 75 years or above, is currently under-examined. A systematic review was conducted to investigate the effects of physical activity on functional health older adults aged 75 years or above. The reviewed articles cover a variety range of functional health outcomes, including balance, muscle conditioning, joint range of motion, quadriceps strength, reaction time, gait speed, health-related quality of life, back and knee pain, muscle mass, and walking ability. In general, interventions of the reviewed articles had favourable effects on function health of older adults. While physical activity has been identified as an important determinant of functional health, the ways to engage in and accumulate sufficient daily physical activity warrant investigation. It is also important to explore interventions which enhance daily, self-driven physical activity of elderly, as normally supervised physical activity bears higher costs.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"50 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73614078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Screening Test to Determine Shoulder Stability in AdolescentMale Rugby Union Players: A Feasibility Study","authors":"Timothy P Rowl, J. Butler, Kimberley A Cochrane","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000252","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a shoulder screening test to predict shoulder stability in adolescent rugby union players. \u0000Design: A feasibility study. \u0000Methods: Adolescent male rugby union players (n=27) aged 12-18 years were recruited from secondary schools in metropolitan Sydney. Measures of shoulder strength, active joint range of movement and joint hypermobility were recorded. \u0000Results: The right shoulder was significantly stronger than the left in extension (mean difference=2.63; t27=-3.38; p=0.002, two-tailed), abduction (mean difference=2.24; t27=-2.42; p=0.023, two-tailed), and internal rotation in neutral (mean difference=1.36; t27=-2.82; p=0.009, two-tailed). No significant differences in strength were found between sides for shoulder flexion and external rotation in neutral. Internal rotation strength was significantly greater in neutral than in 90o abduction but contrary results were found for external rotation. No significant relationship was found between shoulder muscle strength and active shoulder joint range of movement (r=0.05, p=0.81). No significant differences were found between left and right sides for active range of movement. Four participants (14.8%) scored above normal (>4/9) on the Beighton’s Hypermobility Score. There was a moderate, positive correlation between body mass index and average shoulder muscle strength (r=0.40, p=0.04). \u0000Conclusion: The protocol used in this study was feasible for both participants and examiners. This screening test could be used to identify potential risk factors for shoulder injury.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81612488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electromyographic Analysis of Muscles Activation during Sit-And-Reach Test Adopting Self-Myofascial Release with Foam Rolling Versus TraditionalWarm Up","authors":"G. Paz, M. Maia, H. Santana, Jur., I. Silva, V. Lima, H. Mir","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000247","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the score and surface of the electromyographic (sEMG) activity of erector spinae (ES), lateral belly of gastrocnemious (GL), and semimembranous (SM) muscles during SRT adopting SMR, compared to traditional warm-up. \u0000Methods: Fourteen male college students of certain age and weight (age: 26.8 ± 5.7 years; weight: 75.1 ± 8.2 kg, height: 176.7± 5.5 cm) participated in this study. The participants performed two experimental protocols in two nonconsecutive days: TRAD: Before testing, all subjects performed a 5-minute warm-upon a cycle ergometer followed by three attempts in SRT, with 3-minute rest intervals between; SMR – Firstly, the participants performed Self-Myofascial Release (SMR) for low back, knee flexor, and triceps surae muscles in a randomized design, immediately followed by SRT. The SMR was performed adopting 30-seconds for each leg (knee flexor and triceps surae muscles). The SMR for back muscles held for 1-minute. \u0000Results: No differences were observed in SRT performance between TRAD and SMR. During muscle activity, there was no interaction or significant differences between the protocols.However, significant differences were observed between muscles intra protocols (p=0.028). Muscle activity of ES muscle was significantly greater than GL (p=0.0001) and SM (p=0.0002) for both protocols, respectively. Similar results were noticed between SM (p=0.001) and GL (p=0.0023) for TRAD and SMR, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: Therefore, foam roller massage applied only for 3 minutes on back and lower body muscles thus, they may have a similar acute warm up effect than cicloergometer, considering SRT performance.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85566416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship amongst Off-Ice and On-Ice Speed and AgilityMeasures in Men and Women Division III Ice Hockey Players","authors":"Andrew D Curro, Heath Pierce, P. Visich, J. Rosene","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000251","url":null,"abstract":"Ice hockey is a team sport that requires players to perform at high intensity for a short duration (~ 30 to 45 seconds), thereby necessitating anaerobic conditioning. Off-ice performance measures have long been used for ice hockey players however their usefulness has been debated. This has resulted from potential differences in muscle recruitment, metabolic cost, and level anaerobic conditioning to name a few. \u0000Objective:  The purpose of this investigation was to determine if a relationship exists between off-ice and on-ice performance measures for sprint, power, and agility tests in male and female Division III ice hockey players. \u0000Methods: 51 Division III ice hockey players (M=32; F=19) performed five performance measures for sprint, agility, and power performance (2 sprints; 2 agility; 1 power). The performance measures were the 20 and 40 yard sprints, M test, Pro-Agility, and the Wingate test. Fastest times were recorded for the 20 and 40 yard sprint tests, and the average time of two trials in each direction was recorded for the M test and Pro-Agility. Wingate peak powerwas recorded. \u0000Results: There was a significant relationship between the 20y, 40y and M test in males (r=0.54, 0.62, and 0.56, respectively) on and off-ice. \u0000Conclusion: When using off-ice performance measures for speed and agility, male performance measures were transferrable from off-ice performance to on-ice performance in straight ahead speed measures and agility measures that do not require a hard stop. The lack of a relationship between off and on-ice performance measures in females is not clearly understood and may be related to differences in skating age, and body composition between male and female ice hockey players at the Division III level.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"76 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86314786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinesiologic Description of the Round House Kick: A Brief Review","authors":"P. V. S. Moreira, Le, R. Paula","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000250","url":null,"abstract":"The Roundhouse kicks are the most used techniques to score in taekwondo competitions. However, the deeper understanding about the kinesiologic actions that occurs during the kick performance in this modality of sport is an arduous task, since there is no enough space in the published studies about this subject for the interpretation of the descriptive information. Consequently, there may be a low capacity for the full utilization of the knowledge obtained in these studies from those professional who work directly with this modality. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to perform an in-depth kinesiologic description of the taekwondo Roundhouse kicks. For this, we used the critical interpretation of some recent studies about the Roundhouse kick (Bandal Chagui). For didactic purposes, this technique was segmented into several phases and sub phases whose the mechanisms are sequentially associated. It was observed that the agonist muscle actions usually occur prior to their respective mechanical events, being attributed to the combination between two neuromechanical phenomena: electromechanical delay and motion-dependent-moment. It was interpreted that the antagonistic actions cause deleterious consequences to the velocity, but they have an important role for the joint stabilization. It was concluded that, in order to enhance the kick performance, maintaining the joint safety, athletes should train so that the peaks of activation, even those reflexes, of the antagonist muscles for the knee extension and for the hip flexion and adduction be postponed to the final part of the technique (i.e.:close to the impact moment).","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78839299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muhammad Ali; Is he Still the Greatest? Data Crunching of the Surface Web and an Insight on Performance Enhancing Drugs","authors":"A. Al-Imam","doi":"10.4172/2324-9080.1000249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000249","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Muhammad Ali, the boxing legend, is often memorialised as the greatest athlete ever lived. However, many critics argue that the boxing days are over. Other sports have taken the lead, specifically mixed martial arts, currently embodied by the ultimate fighting championship.The study will analyse the web for the popularity of three fighter athletes; Muhammad Ali, Conor McGregor, and Bill Goldberg. \u0000Methods: The analysis is retrospective and based on data retrieved from Google trends databases; the analysis was carried out for the years 2012-2016, using inferential statistics at 90% confidence interval. These analyses were done worldwide and in seven geographic locations; United States, United Kingdom, Switzerland, India, Iraq, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates. \u0000Results: For the past five years, Ali and McGregor were the most popular worldwide; Ali versus McGregor statistics yielded a p-value of 0.117. The rise in popularity of McGregor was correlated to be simultaneous with his matches in 2015 and 2016. Goldberg’s popularity was much lower compared to Ali (p-value of 0.061) in 2016, though he returned to the wrestling “business” in October-2016. \u0000Conclusion: There is a remarkable popularity for Ali and McGregor; they are in competition primarily in the developed world, while Goldberg’s popularity is apparently highest in the developing countries.McGregor’s popularity was on the rise in 2016, and it was most noticeable by his nationals in the United Kingdom, while Ali, on the other hand, was the most popular icon worldwide and in the developing world, particularly in Islamic countries. Decades after his retirement, Ali is still the greatest.","PeriodicalId":90574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of athletic enhancement","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78398928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}