BMC Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Advances in the Understanding of ocular and nasal lymphatics.","authors":"Min Yan, Lu Cheng, Zheng Zheng, Yuanxi Lin, Doudou Qin, Hui Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12865-025-00697-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-025-00697-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent research advancements have enhanced our understanding of the lymphatic system in the eye and nasal region and its involvement in health and disease. The eye is an anatomical extension of the central nervous system and was previously believed to be devoid of lymphatic structures, except for the conjunctiva. However, Lymphatic vessels have been recently identified in the cornea (under pathological conditions), limbus, ciliary body, extraocular muscles, conjunctiva, lacrimal gland, optic nerve sheath, and lymphoid structures in the choroid and Schlemm's duct. These novel findings have significant implications in eye disease treatment; however, the mechanisms by which they preserve immune balance in the eye and eliminate metabolic waste and inflammatory cells remain nebulous. Furthermore, connections have been observed between ocular and nasal lymphatic vessels via the lymphatic network accompanying the nasolacrimal duct. The nasal lymphatic vessels are the primary pathway for cerebrospinal fluid drainage and a new route for drug delivery and treatment of brain-related diseases. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in understanding the structure and function of the ocular and nasal lymphatic systems and their association with cerebrospinal fluid drainage and various diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"26 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of sensitization to yellow jacket venom and expression of recombinant antigen 5 (Ves v 5) from yellow jacket venom.","authors":"Sara Mahmoudzadeh, Hadis Rezapour, Sajjad Chamani, Hossein Safarpour, Mohammad Fereidouni","doi":"10.1186/s12865-025-00689-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-025-00689-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hymenoptera venom allergy is a significant allergic reaction that affects a substantial proportion of adults. Accurate diagnosis of this allergy using venom extracts is challenging due to molecular cross-reactivity. Pure recombinant allergens offer a promising solution to identify the specific venom responsible for allergic reactions. This study aimed to produce recombinant phospholipase A5 (Ves v 5) from yellow jacket venom and evaluate the pattern of bee venom sensitization in a group of sensitive patients.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>A total of seven individuals, including four sensitive and three non-sensitive participants, were recruited for this study. Blood samples were collected, and serum was isolated to assess susceptibility to bee venom and recombinant allergens. Expression of Ves v 5 in Escherichia coli resulted in the production of soluble proteins, which were subsequently purified through affinity chromatography. The functionality of the recombinant allergens was evaluated through enzymatic and biophysical analyses, such as dot blot and SDS‒PAGE tests. The diagnostic relevance of Ves v 5 was further investigated using ELISA-based analyses of sera from yellow jacket venom-sensitized patients. Successful production of soluble Ves v 5 in Escherichia coli was achieved. The recombinant Ves v 5 exhibited distinct biochemical and functional characteristics. Evaluation of IgE reactivity in sera from patients underscored the importance of Ves v 5 in hymenoptera venom allergy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that recombinant allergens can serve as an alternative to natural extracts for diagnostic purposes. Furthermore, allergen-specific immunotherapy holds the potential to enhance efficiency and specificity in the treatment of hymenoptera venom allergy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"26 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The amelioration effect of sesamoside on inflammatory response in septic shock.","authors":"Dan Song, Xinjie Zhao, Yanru Zhang, Mengjie Wang, Haojie Tang, Jing Fang, Zhuoyang Song, Qingyang Ma, Jing Geng","doi":"10.1186/s12865-025-00695-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-025-00695-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sepsis shock is caused by a systemic infection characterized by circulatory disorders and metabolic abnormalities. Microorganisms or their toxins enter the bloodstream, releasing inflammatory mediators and triggering systemic inflammatory reactions, leading to multiple organ dysfunction and even failure. To explore new treatment methods, we studied the improvement effect of sesamoside on the inflammatory response in septic shock. We performed in vitro experiments and animal models. We found that sesamoside reduced inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, and NO. Sesamoside inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK and downregulated the expression of NLRP3, reducing the systemic inflammatory response. In addition, sesamoside reduces multi-organ injuries in LPS-induced septic shock and restricts the nuclear localization of P65 to regulate the immune response, enhance immune function, and help restore cell metabolism and organ function. This study reveals the improved effect of sesamoside on inflammatory response in septic shock, providing new ideas and methods for treating septic shock. Future research will explore the mechanism of action of sesamoside and its clinical application value in the treatment of septic shock. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"26 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacille Calmette-Guérin-specific IgG titres among infants born to mothers with active tuberculosis disease in Uganda.","authors":"Diana Sitenda, Phillip Ssekamatte, Rose Nakavuma, Andrew Peter Kyazze, Felix Bongomin, Joseph Baruch Baluku, Rose Nabatanzi, Davis Kibirige, Robert J Wilkinson, Annettee Nakimuli, Stephen Cose, Irene Andia-Biraro","doi":"10.1186/s12865-025-00692-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-025-00692-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infants born to mothers with active tuberculosis disease (ATB) are at risk of poor clinical outcomes such as low birth weight and perinatal mortality. However, little is known about the influence of maternal ATB exposure on their vaccine responses during infancy. The study explored how maternal ATB affects infants' vaccine responses, hypothesising reduced responses to Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and other infant vaccines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a case-control study with a longitudinal component of infants born to mothers with bacteriologically confirmed ATB (cases) and infants born to mothers without ATB (controls) carried out between September 2021 and June 2022. Quantitative BCG, diphtheria, tetanus, and measles-specific IgG ELISA assays were performed on infant plasma harvested from lithium-heparin blood collected on first encounter after birth (0), at 3, 6, and 9 months. We used prism v10.1.2, mixed-effects modelling, and Tukey's multiple comparison testing to determine mean differences (MD) between the cases and controls at all time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposed infant cases had reduced IgG titres to BCG at baseline compared to the controls (p = 0.032), with a mean of 125.8 vs. 141.1 IU/mL, respectively. This difference was, however, not sustained at the other time points. Similarly, we demonstrated trends towards reduced responses to tetanus, diphtheria, and measles vaccines among infant cases at baseline and three months. However, the trend was not sustained at months six and nine. The mean titres for tetanus at baseline and 3 months for cases versus controls are 1.744 vs. 2.917 IU/mL (p < 0.0001) and 1.716 vs. 2.344 IU/mL (p = 0.018), respectively. The mean titres for diphtheria at 3 months for cases versus controls were 0.022 vs. 0.075 IU/mL (p = 0.006), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We have demonstrated that maternal TB disease influences vaccine responses to BCG and other infant vaccines. This has implications for increased risk of childhood TB and other preventable diseases.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"26 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro differentiation of common lymphoid progenitor cells into B cell using stromal cell free culture system.","authors":"Pan Yang, Xiaoling Chen, Hao Wen, Meiling Yu, Haili Yu, Li Wang, Liang Gong, Lintao Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12865-025-00694-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-025-00694-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The OP9 culture system is an important in vitro model for B cell development. However, the complex nature of operations and the intrinsic variability of stromal cell functionality, which can be influenced by factors such as radiation exposure or contamination, pose considerable challenges to their wider application. Currently, there exists a paucity of studies documenting in vitro B cell differentiation culture systems that exclude stromal cells, and the experimental methodologies available for reference remain limited. This report elucidates a robust stromal cell-free culture system. Specifically, bovine serum albumin (BSA) or fetal bovine serum (FBS), in conjunction with interleukin-7 (IL-7), Flt3 ligand (Flt3L), and stem cell factor (SCF), were incorporated into X-VIVO15 medium. This system proficiently facilitates the directed differentiation of common lymphoid progenitor cells (CLP), defined as lineage-CD127 + CD117^lowsca-1^lowCD135+, into B lymphocytes in vitro, achieving an amplification factor of up to one hundredfold.We examined the roles of IL-7, Flt3L and SCF in differentiation of B cells from CLP in this culture system. Our findings indicate that IL-7 is a pivotal cytokine essential for B cell differentiation in vitro, demonstrating a notable synergistic impact when combined with SCF and FLT3L. Moreover, this system is capable of supporting the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor cells (LMPPs) into B cells in vitro. The findings substantiated the efficacy of the culture system in investigating the in vitro differentiation of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells into B cells and elucidated the specific roles of BSA, FBS and three cytokines (IL-7, FLT3L and SCF) in promoting efficient B lineage differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"26 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of the systemic immune-inflammation index with clinical outcomes in acute myocardial infarction patients with hypertension.","authors":"Tingting Zheng, Chaodi Luo, Suining Xu, Xiyang Li, Gang Tian","doi":"10.1186/s12865-025-00690-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-025-00690-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A new indicator of immunological and inflammatory condition, the Systemic Immunoinflammatory Index (SII), has been linked to a bad prognosis in a number of disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two thousand three hundred seventeen ICU patients were admitted with hypertension and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Patients were grouped according to their baseline SII tertile number into Q1, Q2, and Q3 groups. The main outcomes were death from all causes at 30 days, 365 days, cardiogenic shock, and congestive heart failure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The case fatality rate increases with increasing SII. The correlation between SII and 30-day all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.765, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.330-2.343 (Q3 versus Q1 group)], 365-day all-cause mortality [HR 2.713, 95% CI 2.250-3.272 (Q3 versus Q1 group), HR 1.603, 95% CI 1.312-1.959 (Q3 vs. Q1 group)], congestive heart failure [odds ratio (OR) 1.255, 95% CI 1.006-1.565 (Q2 vs. Q1 group), OR 1.565, 95% CI 1.220-2.009 (Q3 vs. Q1 group)] and cardiogenic shock [OR 1.930. 95% CI 1.271-2.974 (Q2 vs. Q1 group)] were all validated. According to subgroup analysis, individuals who had chosen to have CABG surgery had a stronger correlation between SII and a worse outcome. According to Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curves, patients in the Q3 group with SII had the highest rates of morbidity and death. The RCS curves demonstrated an essentially linear connection between SII and 30 days, 365 days, and congestive heart failure even after controlling for covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SII was substantially correlated with 30-day all-cause mortality, 365-day all-cause mortality, in-hospital congestive heart failure, and cardiogenic shock in patients who had both hypertension and acute myocardial infarction. In individuals with acute myocardial infarction and hypertension, a greater SII would be regarded as an independent risk factor for a higher death rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"26 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11869594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of BTK as an immune-related biomarker for Hashimoto's thyroiditis by integrated bioinformatic analysis.","authors":"Yingzhao Liu, Zhangwei Zhu, Qian Xu, Juan Xu, Jie Xing, Shengjun Wang, Huiyong Peng","doi":"10.1186/s12865-025-00691-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-025-00691-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common autoimmune disorders characterized by diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland, lymphocyte infiltration, and thyroid-specific autoantibodies. Cellular and humoral immune disorders have been implicated in the development of HT. However, little is known regarding the role of immune-related molecules in HT. This study was aimed to identify key immune-related biomarkers in HT by using bioinformatic analysis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Integration of the sequencing data from HT and normal control (NC) in the GSA and GTEx databases yielded a dataset named NGS. The GSE138198 dataset from the GEO database was downloaded as a validation set. WGCNA analysis was performed to identify key modules associated with HT. Lasso regression analysis (LASSO) and random forest (RF) were performed to determine potential diagnostic biomarkers. The potential value was assessed by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in HT and NC samples. The transcript levels of verified genes from expanded samples were detected by quantitative real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,401 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in HT patients. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated that these DEGs were predominantly enriched in immune-related pathways. Furthermore, 192 immune-related genes were identified in HT through the intersection of WGCNA modules, DEGs, and the IRGs. Among them, two upregulated genes ((Bruton's tyrosine kinase, BTK) and CD19) showed the potential diagnostic value for HT by using machine learning. The ROC curve analysis revealed that BTK had a higher diagnostic value than CD19 across two datasets. Intriguingly, only BTK expression was upregulated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HT patients, and was significantly positively correlated with the serum levels of thyroid autoantibodies. Further studies confirmed a significant positive correlation between BTK and increased proportions of plasma cells in HT patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified BTK was significantly increased in HT patients, which might be the involved in the pathogenesis of HT by regulating plasma cells and represented a potential immune-related biomarker of HT.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"26 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11869739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of conditioned medium from miRNA-34a transfected gastric cancer-associated fibroblast on peripheral blood mononuclear cells.","authors":"Mozhgan Esmaili, Narjes Jafari, Fatemeh Ahmadzadeh, Seyed Mohammad Valizadeh Toosi, Saeid Abediankenari","doi":"10.1186/s12865-025-00688-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-025-00688-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) cells play an important role in gastric malignancy. MiRNA dysregulation has been detected in CAF cells, which is related to the tumor progression ability of these cells. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the function of miRNA34a in CAF cells in gastric carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We transiently transfected miRNA-34a mimic in CAF cells and examined the effect of the overexpressed miRNA on PD-L1 expression using real-time PCR. Next, we evaluated the role of transfected CAF-conditioned medium (CM) on the immune response and viability of gastric cancer cell lines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We have shown that miRNA-34a significantly reduced PD-L1 expression in CAF cells (p < 0.05). However, the conditioned medium of transfected cells had no significant effect on the immune response. We also found that CM of miRNA-34a transfected CAF cells significantly suppressed gastric cancer cell line viability relative to the control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We indicated that CM of miRNA-34a transfected CAF can reduce gastric cancer cell line proliferation. Additionally, miRNA-34a in these cells may improve immune response via PD-L1 reduction. Thus, miRNA-34a could be a potential therapeutic agent in gastric cancer treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"26 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143498967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetic interaction assessment of an HIV broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody VRC07-523LS: a cross-protocol analysis of three phase 1 trials in people without HIV.","authors":"Tariro D Chawana, Stephen R Walsh, Lynda Stranix-Chibanda, Zvavahera M Chirenje, Chenchen Yu, Lily Zhang, Kelly E Seaton, Jack Heptinstall, Lu Zhang, Carmen A Paez, Theresa Gamble, Shelly T Karuna, Philip Andrew, Brett Hanscom, Magdalena E Sobieszczyk, Srilatha Edupuganti, Cynthia L Gay, Sharon B Mannheimer, Christopher B Hurt, Kathryn E Stephenson, Laura L Polakowski, Hans Spiegel, Margaret Yacovone, Stephanie Regenold, Catherine Yen, Jane Ag Baumblatt, Lucio Gama, Dan H Barouch, Estelle Piwowar-Manning, Richard A Koup, Georgia D Tomaras, Ollivier Hyrien, Alison C Roxby, Yunda Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12865-025-00687-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-025-00687-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>VRC07-523LS is a safe and well-tolerated monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the CD4 binding site on the HIV envelope (Env) trimer. Efficacy of VRC07-523LS, in combination with mAbs targeting other HIV epitopes, will be evaluated in upcoming trials to prevent HIV acquisition in adults. However, differences in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of VRC07-523LS when administered alone vs. in combination with other mAbs have not been formally assessed. We performed a cross-protocol analysis of three clinical trials and included data from a total of 146 adults without HIV who received intravenous (n = 95) or subcutaneous (n = 51) VRC07-523LS, either alone ('single'; n = 100) or in combination with 1 or 2 other mAbs ('combined'; n = 46). We used an open, two-compartment population PK model to describe serum concentrations of VRC07-523LS over time, accounting for inter-individual variabilities. We compared individual-level PK parameters between the combined vs. single groups using the targeted maximum likelihood estimation method to adjust for participant characteristics. No significant differences were observed in clearance rate, inter-compartmental clearance, distribution half-life, or total VRC07-523LS exposure over time. However, for the combined group, mean central volume of distribution, peripheral volume of distribution, and elimination half-life were slightly greater, corresponding to slightly lower predicted concentrations early post-administration with high levels being maintained in both groups. These results suggest potential PK interactions between VRC07-523LS and other mAbs, but with small clinical impact in the context of HIV prevention. Our findings support coadministration of VRC07-523LS with other mAbs, and the use of the developed PK models to design future trials for HIV prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"26 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11837431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting the preoperative peripheral blood systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) as a tool for early diagnosis and prognosis of gallbladder cancer.","authors":"Feng Liu, Pengyu Yin, Baoping Jiao, Zhiyong Shi, Feifei Qiao, Jun Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12865-025-00683-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-025-00683-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evidence indicates that the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) correlates with poor prognosis in various solid tumors. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of preoperative SII combined with tumor markers for early detection and prognosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Preoperative SII levels and serum tumor markers [carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and carbohydrate antigen 19 - 9 (CA19-9)] were measured in GBC patients. Correlations and diagnostic efficacy were analyzed using Spearman correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. The relationship between SII and clinical data was analyzed, and cumulative survival rates of the two groups were compared. Independent risk factors for poor prognosis in GBC patients were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preoperative SII, CEA, CA125, and CA19-9 levels were significantly elevated in GBC patients compared to those with benign lesions. SII positively correlated with CEA, CA125, and CA19-9 levels (r = 0.434, 0.570, 0.614, respectively, all P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the combination of SII, CEA, CA125, and CA19-9 was 0.877 for early GBC diagnosis and 0.923 for predicting postoperative mortality, outperforming each marker individually. An SII threshold > 889.52 was predictive of postoperative death. High SII was associated with tumor size, differentiation, tumor-node-metastasis stage, lymph node metastasis, perineural invasion, surgical type, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and serum tumor marker levels. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed poorer survival in the high SII group. Preoperative SII was identified as an IRF for poor prognosis in GBC patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preoperative SII correlates strongly with CEA, CA125, and CA19-9 levels. The combined use of SII and tumor markers offers high diagnostic value for early GBC detection and robust predictive value for postoperative mortality. Preoperative SII serves as an IRF for poor prognosis in GBC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"26 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11834489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}