BMC Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Advanced in immunological monitoring of HIV infection: profile of immune cells and cytokines in people living with HIV-1 in Benin","authors":"Yaou Pierrot Assogba, Adefounke Prudencia Adechina, Edmond Tchiakpe, Odilon Paterne Nouatin, René K. Kèkè, Moussa Bachabi, Honoré Sourou Bankole, Akadiri Yessoufou","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00615-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-024-00615-1","url":null,"abstract":"Immune cells and cytokines have been linked to viremia dynamic and immune status during HIV infection. They may serve as useful biomarkers in the monitoring of people living with HIV-1 (PLHIV-1). The present work was aimed to assess whether cytokines and immune cell profiles may help in the therapeutic follow-up of PLHIV-1. Forty PLHIV-1 in treatment success (PLHIV-1s) and fifty PLHIV-1 in treatment failure (PLHIV-1f) followed at the University Hospital of Abomey-Calavi/Sô-Ava in Benin were enrolled. Twenty healthy persons were also recruited as control group. Circulating cytokines and immune cells were quantified respectively by ELISA and flow cytometry. PLHIV-1 exhibited low proportions of CD4 + T cells, NK, NKT, granulocytes, classical and non-classical monocytes, and high proportions of CD8 + T cells, particularly in the PLHIV-1f group, compared to control subjects. Eosinophils, neutrophils and B cell frequencies did not change between the study groups. Circulating IFN-γ decreased whereas IL-4 significantly increased in PLHIV-1s compared to PLHIV-1f and control subjects even though the HIV infection in PLHIV-1s downregulated the high Th1 phenotype observed in control subjects. However, Th1/Th2 ratio remained biased to a Th1 phenotype in PLHIV-1f, suggesting that high viral load may have maintained a potential pro-inflammatory status in these patients. Data on inflammatory cytokines showed that IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were significantly higher in PLHIV-1s and PLHIV-1f groups than in control subjects. Significant high levels of IL-5 and IL-7 were observed in PLHIV-1f compared to controls whereas PLHIV-1s presented only a high level of IL-5. No change was observed in IL-13 levels between the study groups. Our study shows that, in addition to CD4/CD8 T cell ratio, NK and NKT cells along with IL-6, TNF-α, IL-5 and IL-7 cytokines could serve as valuable immunological biomarkers in the therapeutic monitoring of PLHIV-1 although a larger number of patients would be necessary to confirm these results.","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140629682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helminth-derived proteins as immune system regulators: a systematic review of their promise in alleviating colitis","authors":"Maimonah Alghanmi, Faisal Minshawi, Tarfa A. Altorki, Ayat Zawawi, Isra Alsaady, Abdallah Y Naser, Hassan Alwafi, Soa’ad M. Alsulami, Ala A. Azhari, Anwar M Hashem, Rowa Alhabbab","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00614-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-024-00614-2","url":null,"abstract":"Helminth-derived proteins have immunomodulatory properties, influencing the host’s immune response as an adaptive strategy for helminth survival. Helminth-derived proteins modulate the immune response by inducing anti-inflammatory cytokines, promoting regulatory T-cell development, and ultimately favouring a Th2-biased immune response. This systematic review focused on helminth-derived proteins and explored their impact on reducing inflammatory responses in mouse models of colitis. A systematic search across Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library identified fourteen relevant studies. These studies reported immunomodulatory changes, including increased production of anti-inflammatory cells and cytokines. In mouse models of colitis treated with on helminth-derived proteins, significant improvements in pathological parameters such as body weight, colon length, and microscopic inflammatory scores were observed compared to control groups. Moreover, helminth-derived proteins can enhance the function of Tregs and alleviate the severity of inflammatory conditions. The findings underscore the pivotal role of helminth-derived proteins in immunomodulation, specifically in the axis of cytokine secretion and immune cell polarization. The findings offer new opportunities for treating chronic inflammatory conditions such Crohn’s disease.","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140616520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of interleukin-17A and chemokine/vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in newly diagnosed patients with bladder cancer.","authors":"Ali Moadab, Mohammad Rafie Valizadeh, Alireza Nazari, Hossein Khorramdelazad","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00612-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-024-00612-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The human interleukin-17 (IL-17) family comprises IL-17A to IL-17 F; their receptors are IL-17RA to IL-17RE. Evidence revealed that these cytokines can have a tumor-supportive or anti-tumor impact on human malignancies. The purpose of this study was to assess the expression of CXCR2, IL-17RA, and IL-17RC genes at the mRNA level as well as tissue and serum levels of IL-17A, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in patients with bladder cancer (BC) compared to control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study showed that gene expression of IL-17RA, IL-17RC, and CXCR2 in the tumoral tissue of BC patients was significantly upregulated compared with normal tissue. The findings disclosed a significant difference in the serum and tissue concentrations of IL-17A, VEGF, and TGF-β between the patient and the control groups, as well as tumor and normal tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals notable dysregulation of CXCR2, IL-17RA, and IL-17RC genes, alongside changes in IL-17A, VEGF, and TGF-β levels in patients with BC than in controls. These findings indicate their possible involvement in BC development and their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10956274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140183711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal relationship between immune cells and telomere length: mendelian randomization analysis.","authors":"Yujian Li, Shenglin Lai, Xuan Kan","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00610-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-024-00610-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The causal relationship between immune cells and telomere length remains controversial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on the immune cells were obtained from a previous study with 3,757 participants. Data on telomere length were obtained from the OpenGWAS database. Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) data were obtained and screened for eligible instrumental variables (IVs) using the TwoSampleMR package and the Phenoscanner database. To investigate the genetic causality between immune cells and telomere length, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR) analysis were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MR analysis showed that there is indeed a genetic causal relationship between immune cells and telomere length. A total of 16 immune cells were successfully validated. A positive correlation was found between telomere length and immune cells such as CD28 + CD45RA + CD8br %CD8br (OR = 1.002, 95%CI: 1.000-1.003). A negative correlation was found between telomere length and immune cells such as Transitional AC (OR = 0.991, 95%CI: 0.984-0.997) (P < 0.05). Reverse MR analysis similarly confirmed that telomere length can affect four types of immune cells, including CD25 on IgD + CD24- (OR = 1.291, 95%CI: 1.060-1.571), at the genetic level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is indeed a mutual genetic causality between immune cells and telomere length, which will provide theoretical basis and support for more subsequent clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10924351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140064779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy in patients with immunodeficiencies - impact of drug packaging and administration method on patient reported outcomes.","authors":"R Mallick, G Solomon, P Bassett, X Zhang, P Patel, O Lepeshkina","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00608-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-024-00608-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Here, the perspective of patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency receiving subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) via introductory smaller size pre-filled syringes (PFS) or vials were compared.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was conducted in Canada by the Association des Patients Immunodéficients du Québec (APIQ) (10/2020-03/2021). Survey questions included: reasons for choosing SCIg packaging and administration methods, training experiences, infusion characteristics, and switching methods. The survey captured structured patient-reported outcomes: treatment satisfaction and its sub-domains, symptom state, general health perception, and physical and mental function. Respondents using PFS were compared with vial users, overall and stratified by their administration method (pump or manual push).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 132 total respondents, 66 respondents used vials, with 38 using a pump and 28 using manual push. PFS (5 and 10 mL sizes) were being used by 120 respondents, with 38 using a pump and 82 using manual push. PFS users were associated with a 17% lower median (interquartile range) SCIg dose (10 [8, 12] vs. 12 [9, 16] g/week, respectively), a significantly shorter infusion preparation time (15 [10, 20] vs. 15 [10, 30] mins, respectively), and a trend for shorter length of infusion (60 [35, 90] vs. 70 [48, 90] mins, respectively) compared with those on vials. Patient-reported treatment satisfaction scores were overall similar between vial and PFS users (including on the domains of effectiveness and convenience), except for a higher score for vials over PFS on the domain of global satisfaction (p=0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Consistent with prescribing that reflects a recognition of less wastage, PFS users were associated with a significantly lower SCIg dose compared with vial users. PFS users were also associated with shorter pre-infusion times, reflecting simpler administration mechanics compared with vial users. Higher global satisfaction with treatment among vial users compared with PFS users was consistent with users being limited to smaller PFS size options in Canada during the study period. Patient experience on PFS is expected to improve with the introduction of larger PFS sizes. Overall, treatment satisfaction for SCIg remains consistently high with the introduction of PFS packaging compared with vials.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139911992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dendritic cells under allergic condition enhance the activation of pruritogen-responsive neurons via inducing itch receptors in a co-culture study.","authors":"Tichakorn Singto, Viviane Filor, Jonathan Vidak, Robert Klopfleisch, Wolfgang Bäumer","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00604-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-024-00604-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Itch sensitization has been reported in patients with chronic allergic skin diseases and observed in a mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). There is evidence suggesting that neuroimmune interactions may contribute to itch sensitization, as an increase in dendritic cells (DCs) within ganglia has been observed during allergic conditions. However, how DCs interact with sensory neurons in ganglia during allergic conditions is still not known. This study aims to investigate the role of DCs in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) under ACD conditions, specifically focusing on itch sensitization within the DRG. The tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) mouse model for ACD and the co-culture model of DCs and DRG neurons was employed in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We successfully induced ACD by TDI, as evidenced by the development of edema, elevated total serum IgE levels, and an observed itch reaction in TDI-sensitized mice. Calcium imaging and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that TDI-sensitized mice exhibited signs of peripheral sensitization, including a higher percentage of neurons responding to pruritogens and increased activation and expression of itch receptors in excised DRG of TDI-sensitized mice. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometric analysis displayed an increase of MHCII⁺ cells, which serves as a marker for DCs, within DRG during ACD. The co-culture study revealed that when DRG neurons were cultured with DCs, there was an increase in the number of neurons responsive to pruritogens and activation of itch receptors such as TRPA1, TRPV1, H1R, and TRPV4. In addition, the immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR study confirmed an upregulation of TRPV4.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that there is an increase of MHCII⁺ cells and itch peripheral sensitization in DRG under TDI-induced ACD condition. It has been found that MHCII⁺ cells in DRG might contribute to the itch peripheral sensitization by activating itch receptors, as shown through co-culture studies between DRG neurons and DCs. Further studies are required to identify the specific mediator(s) responsible for peripheral sensitization induced by activated DCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10863282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139721547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network pharmacology-based strategy to investigate the mechanisms of artemisinin in treating primary Sjögren's syndrome.","authors":"Jia-He Liao, Qian He, Zi-Wei Huang, Xin-Bo Yu, Jian-Ying Yang, Yan Zhang, Wei-Jiang Song, Jing Luo, Qing-Wen Tao","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00605-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-024-00605-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to explore the mechanism of artemisinin in treating primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) based on network pharmacology and experimental validation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant targets of the artemisinin and pSS-related targets were integrated by public databases online. An artemisinin-pSS network was constructed by Cytoscape. The genes of artemisinin regulating pSS were imported into STRING database to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network in order to predict the key targets. The enrichment analyses were performed to predict the crucial mechanism and pathway of artemisinin against pSS. The active component of artemisinin underwent molecular docking with the key proteins. Artemisinin was administered intragastrically to SS-like NOD/Ltj mice to validate the efficacy and critical mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Network Pharmacology analysis revealed that artemisinin corresponded to 412 targets, and pSS related to 1495 genes. There were 40 intersection genes between artemisinin and pSS. KEGG indicated that therapeutic effects of artemisinin on pSS involves IL-17 signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, apoptosis signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking results further showed that the artemisinin molecule had higher binding energy by combining with the key nodes in IL-17 signaling pathway. In vivo experiments suggested artemisinin can restored salivary gland secretory function and improve the level of glandular damage of NOD/Ltj mice. It contributed to the increase of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the downregulated secretion of IL-17 in NOD/Ltj model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The treatment of pSS with artemisinin is closely related to modulating the balance of Tregs and Th17 cells via T cell differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10860289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139721548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperactivation and enhanced cytotoxicity of reduced CD8⁺ gamma delta T cells in the intestine of patients with Crohn's disease correlates with disease activity.","authors":"Tao Zhu, Linlin Zhu, Caixia Sheng, Danju Wu, Qianru Gu, Zhinong Jiang, Jiaqi Xu, Guoxiang Fu, Yujie Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00606-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-024-00606-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>We aimed to investigate the immune characteristics of intestinal CD8⁺ gamma delta T (CD8⁺ γδ T) cells in Crohn's disease (CD) and their correlation with disease activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study cohorts included 21 CD patients and 21 healthy individuals. CD8⁺ γδ T cells were isolated from human ileal mucosa for detection by flow cytometry. The activation or inhibition status of cells was detected by detecting the expression of activation marker HLA-DR and the immunosuppressive molecule PD-1 on cells. The cytotoxicity of cells was assessed by detecting the expression of cytotoxic molecules (Perforin, Granzyme B, and TRAIL) in cells. Ratios of investigated cells were calculated as prediction factors by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed a reduction in intestinal CD8⁺ γδT cells among active CD patients, with a more pronounced reduction observed in moderately active patients compared to mildly active patients. Moreover, active CD patients exhibited heightened activation levels in their intestinal CD8⁺ γδT cells, whereas the activation was comparatively weakened in moderately active patients compared with mildly active patients. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of intestinal CD8⁺ γδT cells was enhanced solely in mildly active patients, while it was impaired in moderately active patients compared with mildly active patients. Furthermore, HLA-DR⁺ CD8⁺ γδT cell ratio, CD8⁺ γδT ratio, and CD8⁺ γδT count were identified as indicators in the diagnosis of active CD. Meanwhile, the ratios of Granzyme B⁺ CD8⁺ γδT cell and Perforin⁺ CD8⁺ γδT cell were identified as indicators that distinguish mildly moderately active CD cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intestinal CD8⁺ γδT was reduced in active CD patients, but their activation and cytotoxicity were enhanced. However, with increased disease activity, intestinal CD8⁺ γδ T cells became dysfunctional. CD-specific perturbations observed in various phenotypic markers in CD8⁺ γδ T cells can be used as indicators to assist in diagnosing CD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10858568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139711482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune responses to P falciparum antibodies in symptomatic malaria patients with variant hemoglobin genotypes in Ghana.","authors":"Kwame Kumi Asare, Benjamin Agrah, Fiifi Solomon Ofori-Acquah, William Kudzi, Nii Ayite Aryee, Linda Eva Amoah","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00607-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-024-00607-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Haemoglobin (Hb) variants such as sickle cell trait (SCT/HbAS) play a role in protecting against clinical malaria, but little is known about the development of immune responses against malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum surface protein 230 (Pfs230) and Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte binding antigen 175 region-3 (PfEBA175-3R)) and vector (on the An. gambiae Salivary Gland Protein-6 peptide 1 (gSG6-P1)) antigens in individuals with variants Hb genotypes. This study assessed antibody (IgG) responses against malaria parasite, Pfs230 and PfEBA175-3R and vector, gSG6-P1 in febrile individuals with variant Hb genotypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted on symptomatic malaria patients attending various healthcare facilities throughout Ghana. Microscopy and ELISA were used to determine the natural IgG antibody levels of gSG6-P1, PfEBA175-3R & Pfs230, and Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing was used for Hb variants determination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 600 symptomatic malaria patients, 50.0% of the participants had malaria parasites by microscopy. The majority 79.0% (398/504) of the participants had Hb AA, followed by HbAS variant at 11.3% (57/504) and HbAC 6.7% (34/504). There were significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced levels of gSG6-P1 IgG in individuals with both HbAC and HbAS genotypes compared to the HbAA genotype. The levels of gSG6-P1 IgG were significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in HbAS compared to HbAC. Similarly, Pfs230 IgG and PfEBA-175-3R IgG distributions observed across the haemoglobin variants were significantly higher in HbAC relative to HbAS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study has shown that haemoglobin variants significantly influence the pattern of anti-gSG6-P1, Pfs230, and PfEBA-175 IgG levels in malaria-endemic population. The HbAS genotype is suggested to confer protection against malaria infection. Reduced exposure to infection ultimately reduces the induction of antibodies targeted against P. falciparum antigens.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10858493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139711392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic evaluation of B-cell clonal family inference approaches.","authors":"Daria Balashova, Barbera D C van Schaik, Maria Stratigopoulou, Jeroen E J Guikema, Tom G Caniels, Mathieu Claireaux, Marit J van Gils, Anne Musters, Dornatien C Anang, Niek de Vries, Victor Greiff, Antoine H C van Kampen","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00600-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-024-00600-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reconstruction of clonal families (CFs) in B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire analysis is a crucial step to understand the adaptive immune system and how it responds to antigens. The BCR repertoire of an individual is formed throughout life and is diverse due to several factors such as gene recombination and somatic hypermutation. The use of Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire sequencing (AIRR-seq) using next generation sequencing enabled the generation of full BCR repertoires that also include rare CFs. The reconstruction of CFs from AIRR-seq data is challenging and several approaches have been developed to solve this problem. Currently, most methods use the heavy chain (HC) only, as it is more variable than the light chain (LC). CF reconstruction options include the definition of appropriate sequence similarity measures, the use of shared mutations among sequences, and the possibility of reconstruction without preliminary clustering based on V- and J-gene annotation. In this study, we aimed to systematically evaluate different approaches for CF reconstruction and to determine their impact on various outcome measures such as the number of CFs derived, the size of the CFs, and the accuracy of the reconstruction. The methods were compared to each other and to a method that groups sequences based on identical junction sequences and another method that only determines subclones. We found that after accounting for data set variability, in particular sequencing depth and mutation load, the reconstruction approach has an impact on part of the outcome measures, including the number of CFs. Simulations indicate that unique junctions and subclones should not be used as substitutes for CF and that more complex methods do not outperform simpler methods. Also, we conclude that different approaches differ in their ability to correctly reconstruct CFs when not considering the LC and to identify shared CFs. The results showed the effect of different approaches on the reconstruction of CFs and highlighted the importance of choosing an appropriate method.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11370117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139705930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}