BMC Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Cellular immune response during BK polyomavirus infection in living donor kidney transplant recipients.","authors":"Camilla Lorant, Britt-Marie Eriksson, Torsten Eich, Bengt von Zur-Mühlen, Gabriel Westman, Anna Wiberg","doi":"10.1186/s12865-026-00912-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-026-00912-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a significant cause of graft impairment and loss following kidney transplantation. Early prediction of which patients are at risk of BKPyV replication and BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) would be beneficial, preferably prior to transplantation. From an immunological perspective, determinants of susceptibility to BKPyV reactivation remain incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of lymphocyte subset counts, CD4/8 T cell ratio, and changes in CD4 + T cell counts over time. Additionally, the concept of Immune Risk Profile (IRP), defined as CD4/CD8 ratio combined with cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity, was evaluated as an immunological tool to estimate the risk of developing a clinically significant BKPyV replication.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was part of a single-centre prospective cohort including adult kidney transplant recipients between 2016 and 2018 at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. All recipients were routinely screened for BKPyV DNA in plasma and urine every 3 months for up to 18 months after transplantation. Immune cell phenotyping was performed using flow cytometry on blood samples collected from both living donors and recipients at the time of transplantation, as well as from recipients during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 21 of the 68 recipients (31%), BKPyV replication was detected in blood and/or urine; 11 (16%) had DNAemia. Recipients who later developed BKPyV replication had lower CD4/CD8 ratios before transplantation compared to those who remained BKPyV replication negative. Seventeen recipients (25%) met the criteria for IRP-positivity, of whom 9 (53%) developed BKPyV replication, indicating a higher risk compared to the IRP-negative recipients (OR 3.66, 95% CI 1.08-10.79; p = 0.034). The total T cell counts, as well as CD4 + and CD8 + T cell counts, increased 1-2 months post-transplantation compared with pre-transplant levels in both recipients who developed BKPyV replication and those who did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Recipients with a low CD4/CD8 ratio and IRP-positive status were more likely to develop subsequent BKPyV replication, supporting a role for T cell imbalance in susceptibility to viral reactivation. However, the observed differences were modest and substantial overlap between the groups limits the clinical utility of these markers for individualizing BKPyV.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between body mass index and influenza antibody titer and immune cell count after influenza vaccination: an exploratory study.","authors":"Selina Böll, Timo Schmitz, Maren Eggers, Jakob Linseisen, Christa Meisinger","doi":"10.1186/s12865-026-00903-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-026-00903-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is associated with altered immune function and may therefore influence the response to influenza vaccination. So, the objective was to investigate whether body mass index (BMI) affected influenza-specific antibody titers and immune cell counts after vaccination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A subgroup of 25 participants from the MEGA cohort, a prospective observational study in Augsburg, Germany, aged 25-65 years, was analyzed, including 18 normal-weight individuals and 7 participants with obesity. Influenza antibody titers and immune cell phenotypes were assessed at four visits over nine months following vaccination. Differences between normal-weight and obese individuals were analyzed graphically using boxplots and tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann-Whitney-U-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, no significant differences in antibody titers were observed between BMI groups. Following vaccination, antibody titers increased in both groups and remained above pre-vaccination levels throughout follow-up. In the normal-weight group, the titers for all four analyzed antibodies differed significantly at every visit compared to visit 1. This was not the case in the obese group, where only the titers for the antibodies B/Colorado/06/2017 and B/Phuket/3073/2013 differed at the different visits in comparison to visit 1. Furthermore, obese participants showed a non-significant downward trend in Treg cell proportions over time; total T-cell counts did not demonstrate clear group-specific differences. B-cell proportions showed no consistent time trend, but significant within-group differences were observed between visits 1 and 4 in the normal-weight group and visits 1 and 2 in the obese group, with significant differences between groups at visits 1 and 3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that BMI may influence cellular immune responses after influenza vaccination, whereas antibody responses appeared broadly similar among BMI groups. Given the limited sample size these observations should be interpreted as exploratory. Larger studies are needed to clarify this relationship and to inform the development of tailored vaccination strategies for obese individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13587442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149001281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MiR-331-3p serves as a diagnostic biomarker in children with severe pneumonia.","authors":"Xiaoya Si, Weili Guo, Xiaoxu Wei, Na Liu, Jingxiao Zhao, Qinghua Li","doi":"10.1186/s12865-026-00883-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-026-00883-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe pneumonia poses a life-threatening risk to children's physical health. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum miR-331-3p in pediatric severe pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 97 healthy children, 101 children with non-severe pneumonia and 101 children with severe pneumonia were enrolled. Serum miR‑331‑3p expression was detected by RT‑qPCR. An LPS‑induced MRC‑5 cell model was established to simulate severe pneumonia in vitro. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokine levels were measured. The direct targeting relationship between miR‑331‑3p and B cell lymphoma 2 antagonist/killer 1(BAK1) was verified by dual‑luciferase reporter assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum miR‑331‑3p expression gradually decreased from healthy controls to patients with non-severe pneumonia, and reached the lowest level in children with severe pneumonia. miR-331-3p exhibited good diagnostic efficacy for identifying severe pneumonia from healthy children (AUC = 0.899) and discriminating severe from non-severe pneumonia (AUC = 0.830). Lower miR-331-3p levels were correlated with higher inflammatory indicators in pneumonia patients. In vitro, miR‑331‑3p promoted cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and suppressed the production of TNF‑α and IL‑6 by directly targeting and negatively regulating BAK1. Overexpression of BAK1 abolished the protective effects of miR‑331‑3p.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum miR‑331‑3p exhibits favorable differential diagnostic potential for identifying severe pediatric pneumonia in this single-center cohort, while multicenter validation with independent cohorts is still needed to confirm its clinical predictive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13584461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148982122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of miR-191-3p in HDM-induced airway epithelial inflammation by targeting CD247 in allergic asthma.","authors":"Si Chen, Wenhua Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12865-026-00892-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-026-00892-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Allergic asthma is a helper T cell-driven chronic airway inflammation. This study evaluated the clinical significance of miR-191-3p in allergic asthma and its role in regulating airway epithelial inflammation via CD247.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>qRT-PCR was employed to determine miR-191-3p levels in 125 allergic asthma patients and 105 healthy controls. ROC curve assessed diagnostic value. Pearson and logistic regression analyzed clinical correlations and predictive factors. BEAS-2B cells were HDM-stimulated to establish an inflammation model. After miR-191-3p inhibitor transfection, inflammatory and oxidative stress were assessed. The miR-191-3p/CD247 interaction was predicted bioinformatically and confirmed by dual-luciferase assay. Rescue experiments validated the role of this axis in airway inflammation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum miR-191-3p was significantly elevated in allergic asthma patients versus controls (AUC = 0.841), was positively correlated with total IgE and eosinophil counts, and was identified as an independent risk factor for asthma. In BEAS-2B cells, HDM stimulation upregulated miR-191-3p expression, increased inflammatory release, and induced oxidative stress imbalance, all of which were reversed by miR-191-3p inhibition. Mechanistically, CD247 was validated as a direct target of miR-191-3p. Rescue experiments showed that CD247 silencing partially abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of miR-191-3p inhibition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>miR-191-3p is significantly upregulated both in allergic asthma patients and in house dust mite-stimulated airway epithelial cells. These findings indicate that miR-191-3p may contribute to airway inflammation and oxidative stress through targeted regulation of CD247 expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13584417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148982152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"miR-379-5p serves as a biomarker and regulates sepsis-associated acute kidney injury via targeting EDN1.","authors":"Xiaoyu Wang, Hongdong Li, Xianfeng Yu, Mengmeng Li","doi":"10.1186/s12865-026-00881-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-026-00881-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is a serious complication for sepsis patients, and microRNA (miRNA) is involved in its occurrence and development. This study investigated the clinical value of miR-379-5p and its potential mechanism on LPS-induced human proximal tubular epithelial cell lines (HK-2).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum miR-379-5p levels were measured in 85 sepsis patients and 74 SA-AKI patients. The clinical significance of miR-379-5p was explored from the perspectives of SA-AKI diagnosis, kidney injury correlation, and 28-day survival assessment. The LPS-induced HK-2 cell model was constructed, and the regulatory effect of miR-379-5p on LPS-induced HK-2 cell viability and inflammatory response was analyzed. The regulatory mechanism was explored, focusing on the involvement of EDN1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Low expression of serum miR-379-5p could distinguish SA-AKI from sepsis patients and was negatively correlated with serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cystatin-C (Cys-C), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and white blood cell (WBC). Low expression of miR-379-5p was correlated with the 28-day survival rate. LPS could inhibit the expression of miR-379-5p in HK-2 cells, inhibit cell viability, and promote the concentration of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Overexpression of miR-379-5p reversed the effect of LPS on HK-2 cells. EDN1 was a direct target gene of miR-379-5p. Overexpression of EDN1 counteracted the protective effect of miR-379-5p overexpression on HK-2 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Downregulated serum miR-379-5p had the potential value in diagnosing SA-AKI and forecasting 28-day patient survival. Overexpression of miR-379-5p protected HK-2 cells from LPS-induced injury by targeting and inhibiting EDN1.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13483658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and clinical correlates of autoimmune and infection-related antibodies in unexplained seizures in western China.","authors":"Yushan Yuan, Yang Su, Minjin Wang, Yong He","doi":"10.1186/s12865-026-00886-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-026-00886-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unexplained seizures represent a substantial diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in clinical neurology. Immune-mediated mechanisms coupled with prior infections are increasingly recognized as pivotal etiological contributors, yet large-scale epidemiological data from western China remain scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study enrolled 471 patients with unexplained seizures from eight provinces in western China between January 2017 and June 2022. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples were tested for neural-specific autoantibodies, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), antinuclear antibody (ANA), and immunoglobulin M/G antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus. Patients were stratified into definite autoimmune-associated seizures (AAS), probable AAS, and non-AAS subgroups.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900027074) on October 30, 2019, and was retrospectively registered as the first participant was enrolled in January 2017.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 14.65% of patients tested positive for neural-specific autoantibodies, with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody (NMDAR-Ab) being the most prevalent subtype (accounting for 46.38% of antibody-positive patients), and leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 antibody (LGI1-Ab) predominantly detected in patients with recurrent seizures. The positive rates of TPO-Ab, TgAb, and ANA were significantly higher in the definite AAS group than in the non-AAS group (all P < 0.01). No significant differences in pathogen-specific IgM levels were observed among subgroups, while serum HSV-IgG and T. gondii-IgG levels were markedly lower in the non-AAS group (both P < 0.0001). CSF white blood cell count was significantly elevated in the definite AAS group (P = 0.036).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combined detection of neural autoantibodies, systemic autoimmune antibodies, and infection-related serological markers facilitates etiological diagnosis and identification of candidates for early immunotherapy in patients with unexplained seizures in western China.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and characteristics of 115 cases with unexpected antibodies for improving transfusion strategies: a retrospective study.","authors":"Caili Wen, Yiying Tang, Lijia Zhu, Rong Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12865-026-00888-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-026-00888-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of unexpected antibodies through a retrospective analysis of 115 positive cases and explore transfusion strategies for patients with unexpected antibodies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical data of 33,013 patients who underwent unexpected antibody testing in a hospital from May 2023 to October 2025 were collected, and 115 positive cases were retrospectively analyzed. The overall positivity rate of unexpected antibodies and their distribution across different sexes and ABO blood types were statistically analyzed. The effects of transfusion history, pregnancy history, disease types, and treatment history on the production of unexpected antibodies were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 33,013 tested individuals, 115 were positive for unexpected antibodies, yielding an overall positivity rate of 0.35%. The positive rate was 0.28% (44/15,932) in men and 0.42% (71/17,081) in women, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Among the 115 patients with positive, result, 44 were men (38.3%) and 71 were women (61.7%), showing a significant difference in gender distribution (P < 0.05). The positivity rate of unexpected antibodies differed significantly among ABO blood types (P = 0.006). Sixty patients (52.2%) had a history of transfusion, while 55 (47.8%) had no transfusion history, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). Regarding antibody specificity, 39 cases (33.9%) involved Rh blood group system antibodies, 34 cases (29.6%) involved MNS blood group system antibodies, 26 cases (22.6%) had undetermined specificity, and the remaining cases involved Duffy, Lewis, and other blood group system antibodies. In terms of disease distribution, positive patients were predominantly concentrated in four categories: digestive system diseases, hematological diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and obstetrics and gynecology diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Transfusion history and pregnancy history are the major contributing factors to the development of unexpected antibodies. The positive rate of unexpected antibodies varies among individuals with different ABO blood groups, with the highest rate observed in those with blood type A. Antibodies from different blood group systems exhibit distinct characteristics. Blood transfusion departments should develop individualized transfusion strategies based on antibody specificity and patients' clinical features to maximize the safety of clinical transfusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parameter analysis of an ovalbumin combined with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant-induced allergic rhinitis model in BALB/c mice: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Feng Chen, Xiaoyuan Zhou, Zhichao Niu, Ling Li, Gang Li","doi":"10.1186/s12865-026-00880-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-026-00880-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;To systematically evaluate the key modeling parameters of an allergic rhinitis (AR) model induced by ovalbumin (OVA) combined with aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)₃] adjuvant in BALB/c mice, and to compare the effects of different sensitization and challenge protocols on model induction, thereby providing a reference for model standardization.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library to identify studies using OVA combined with Al(OH)₃ to establish mouse models of AR. Data were extracted on animal strain, modeling protocols, and behavioral, immunological, and histopathological outcome measures. The model induction effects were evaluated using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Subgroup analysis, meta-regression, sensitivity analysis, and the GRADE approach were performed to assess the robustness of the findings and the quality of evidence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;OVA combined with Al(OH)₃ effectively induced AR-related phenotypes in BALB/c mice, as evidenced by increased behavioral symptoms such as sneezing and nasal rubbing, accompanied by elevated OVA-specific IgE levels, increased expression of Th2-type inflammatory cytokines, and eosinophil infiltration in the nasal mucosa.Based on multiple outcome measures, three intraperitoneal sensitizations followed by intranasal OVA challenges for either 5 or 7 consecutive days appeared to achieve a relatively favorable model-induction effect. The effects of different OVA/Al(OH)₃ sensitization dose combinations were outcome-specific: 100 µg OVA plus 2 mg Al(OH)₃ showed a relatively large effect size for short-term sneezing responses; 50 µg OVA plus 1 mg Al(OH)₃ was more prominent in inducing eosinophil infiltration in the nasal mucosa; and 25 µg OVA plus 2 mg Al(OH)₃ exhibited a higher effect size for IL-5 levels in nasal lavage fluid. Regarding the intranasal challenge regimen, daily intranasal challenge with 400 µg OVA for either 5 or 7 consecutive days may be more favorable for inducing local Th2-type inflammatory responses in the nasal mucosa.Significant publication bias was observed for all major outcome measures, as indicated by Begg's test (P &lt; 0.001), suggesting a potential risk of overestimation of effect sizes. Nevertheless, the core conclusions remained robust after trim-and-fill correction. Some outcome measures exhibited substantial heterogeneity, which may be attributable to differences in modeling dose, administration frequency, challenge regimen, detection methods, and animal sources.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In BALB/c mice, OVA combined with Al(OH)₃ is capable of inducing an AR model. Based on the available evidence, three intraperitoneal sensitizations followed by intranasal OVA challenges for either 5 or 7 consecutive days may serve as a basic modeling regimen for establishing an OVA/alum-induced AR model. The sensitiza","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of probiotics on immunological and clinical outcomes in allergic rhinitis: an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis of RCTs in children and adults.","authors":"Zhe Wang, Yao Lu","doi":"10.1186/s12865-026-00873-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-026-00873-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent inflammatory condition with limited long-term treatment options. Probiotics have been investigated as immunomodulatory agents, yet evidence remains inconsistent. This umbrella review with updated meta-analysis evaluated probiotic efficacy on immunological and clinical outcomes in children and adults with AR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase through May 2026. Randomized controlled trials assessing probiotics effects on IgE, antigen-specific IgE, eosinophil count, Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ), and Total Rhinitis Symptom Score (RTSS) were included. Weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models with REML estimation; Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman (HKSJ) was used for outcomes with ≤ 5 studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-nine RCTs comprising 2,078 participants were included. Probiotic supplementation was associated with significant reductions in total IgE (WMD: -198.35, 95%CI: -291.10 to -105.61), global RQLQ (WMD: -9.43, 95%CI: -11.71 to -7.15), nasal-RQLQ (WMD: -1.52, 95%CI: -2.89 to -0.15), and nasal-RTSS (WMD: -1.97, 95%CI: -3.61 to -0.32). No significant effects were observed for antigen-specific IgE, eosinophil count, eye-RQLQ, global-RTSS, or eye-RTSS. The umbrella review of seven meta-analyses (2008-2025) confirmed consistent benefits for quality of life and nasal symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Probiotic supplementation may improve quality of life and nasal symptoms while reducing IgE in AR patients, but evidence is limited by high heterogeneity, fragility of the IgE finding, and pooling of diverse strains. Routine clinical recommendation is not supported by high‑certainty evidence; further strain‑specific RCTs are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downregulated miR-1290 serves as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in sepsis and protects against inflammatory injury by targeting TAOK1.","authors":"Daixiu Gao, Minxin Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12865-026-00878-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-026-00878-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators and potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis. To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value, and molecular mechanism of miR-1290 in sepsis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Enrollment comprised 127 healthy controls and 133 patients with sepsis. RT‑qPCR measured serum miR-1290 and TAO Kinase 1 (TAOK1) levels. ROC curve and Logistic regression assessed diagnostic efficacy and risk prediction of miR-1290 for sepsis. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression evaluated its short-term prognostic value. An LPS-induced macrophage (THP-1) inflammation model was established to examine the effects of miR-1290 on cell viability (CCK-8), inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β (ELISA), and macrophage polarization markers (RT-qPCR). Bioinformatic prediction and dual-luciferase reporter verified the interaction between miR-1290 and TAOK1, and rescue experiments were conducted to determine that TAOK1 reverses the biological functions of miR-1290.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>miR-1290 was downregulated in patients with sepsis and showed high diagnostic value. Its expression level was negatively correlated with both SOFA and APACHE II scores, and demonstrated good predictive performance for short-term mortality. In the LPS-induced macrophage model, overexpression of miR-1290 suppressed TAOK1 expression, elevated cell viability, suppressed the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, inhibited M1 polarization (downregulation of iNOS and CD86), and enhanced M2 polarization (upregulation of CD206 and Arg-1). Moreover, TAOK1 overexpression reversed the anti-inflammatory and protective effects of miR-1290.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Downregulated miR-1290 shows potential as both a diagnostic and prognostic indicator in sepsis. It may exert a protective effect on macrophages by targeting TAOK1, thereby inhibiting disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}