BMC Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Perceived body size across sex and weight categories and its association with body size dissatisfaction: a cross-sectional study among early primary school children in Norway.","authors":"Tove L Drilen, Trine T Eik-Nes, Ellen M I Ersfjord, Christian A Klöckner, Rønnaug A Ødegård","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22219-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22219-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inaccurate perceptions of body size, known as body size misperception (BSM), may be linked to body size dissatisfaction (BSD) and unhealthy eating behaviours. However, these associations remain inconclusive and not fully understood in young children. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of BSM across sex and weight categories and to further assess the association between BSM and BSD in 8-to 9-year-old children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study of 209 primary school children (51% boys) from central Norway was performed during the national height and weight screening program in third grade. Researcher-assisted questionnaires and Stunkard's figure rating scales adapted for children were used to assess two dimensions of body image: BSM (perceived-actual body size) and BSD (perceived-ideal body size). The agreement between children's ideal and actual body size was also evaluated (actual-ideal body size). Associations between BSM and BSD were examined by multinomial logistic regression, adjusting for sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and residence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BSM was frequently observed (81%), with most children overestimating their body size (67%). Boys tended to overestimate their body size more frequently (75% vs. 59%, p = 0.014) and indicated a larger mean ideal body size than girls (silhouette fig. 4.2 [95% CI 4.0, 4.5] vs. 3.9 [95% CI 3.7, 4.1], p = 0.012). According to BMI, overestimation was common among children with underweight (100%) and average weight (78%), whereas underestimation of body size was prevalent among children with overweight/obesity (59%). Although 23% desired at least one body size figure smaller or larger than their perceived size, interpreted as BSD, no difference was observed between mean perceived and mean ideal body size (silhouette fig. 4.1 in both groups). No significant association was found between BSM and BSD, for either underestimation (OR 1.32 [95% CI 0.33, 5.32]) or overestimation (OR 0.99 [95% CI 0.38, 2.58]) of body size.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Boys and girls from all weight categories frequently misperceived their body size toward their ideal body size, with overestimation of underweight and average weight status and underestimation of overweight status being most frequently reported. No association was found between BSM and BSD, however, the long-term health consequences of BSM should be further elucidated.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the cumulative exposure to four measures of blood pressure for predicting cardiovascular disease risk in the Chinese Uyghurs.","authors":"Jing Cheng, Bo Yang, Ru-Lin Ma, Jia He, Dong-Sheng Rui, Yu Li, Xiang-Hui Zhang, Le-Yao Jian, Jia-Hang Li, Shu-Xia Guo, Heng Guo","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22069-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22069-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore and compare the role of cumulative exposure to four blood pressure (BP) markers [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP)] in predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the Uyghur population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 3,553 Uyghurs from Tumxuk City, and conducted blood pressure measurements on them at least three times, with a minimum interval of two years between consecutive measurements. Cumulative BP was defined as the sum of the product of the average BP between consecutive examinations and the time interval between visits. Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were used to estimate the association between cumBP and CVD risk. The incremental predictive value of cumBP was further assessed using the net reclassification index (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up of 6.29 years, 383 (10.78%) incidents of CVD occurred. All four cumBP markers were associated with CVD risk, with cumulative SBP (cumSBP) and cumulative PP (cumPP) showing the strongest associations. For each 1-SD increase in cumSBP and cumPP, the CVD risk increased by 31% [HR (95% CI): 1.310 (1.153, 1.489)] and 28% [HR (95% CI): 1.284 (1.132, 1.457)], respectively. Additionally, 1-SD values corresponded to 107.90 mmHg·years for cumSBP and 65.33 mmHg·years for cumPP. RCS analysis showed a linear relationship between cumBP and CVD risk. CumSBP provided the best incremental predictive value for CVD after adding cumSBP to the conventional model, improving the NRI by 0.126 (P = 0.019) and the IDI by 0.009 (P = 0.001). Although cumulative MAP and cumulative PP also improved the predictive capabilities to varying degrees, the effect sizes were smaller than those of cumSBP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All four cumBP markers were significantly associated with CVD risk in this population. Compared with the other three cumBP measures, cumSBP had the strongest association with CVD events and provided a superior incremental predictive value for CVD events.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gatekeeper training for suicide prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Hui Liu, Chaohui Zheng, Yu Cao, Fanyan Zeng, Huiting Chen, Wei Gao","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-21736-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21736-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gatekeeper training (GKT) aims to enhance suicide gatekeepers' (GKs) abilities in assessing suicide risk, identify those at-risk and refer them. However, existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on GKT have not produced definitive results. This study reviewed RCTs on GKT to provide evidence for developing effective suicide prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, Google Scholar, Medrxiv, and Ebsco for English-language RCTs published between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2024. Two authors independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effect model. Heterogeneity was assessed by using I² statistic, and publication bias was evaluated through funnel plots and Egger's regression. We stratified participants into subgroups by characteristics and categorized interventions by delivery mode (online vs. offline). Post-test and follow-up data were integrated into a unified model, with follow-ups classified as short-term (1-5 months) or long-term (> 5 months). All analyses were performed using R version 3.4.0, following the PRISMA guidelines (registration number: CRD42024507513).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies were included. Compared to the control group, gatekeepers showed increased suicide knowledge (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.32 - 1.13) and enhanced self-efficacy (SMD = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.33 - 1.13) for suicide prevention. For knowledge, the improvements were sustained in the short-term (SMD = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.22 - 1.06) but diminished in the long-term (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.05 - 0.45). Online interventions showed a significant improvement in self-efficacy (SMD = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.73 - 1.32), while offline interventions demonstrated a potential but non-significant improvement (SMD = 0.53, 95% CI: -0.08 - 1.17). Preparedness also showed a significant improvement (SMD = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.31 - 1.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis demonstrated GKT's effectiveness in enhancing knowledge and self-efficacy (moderate effect) for suicide prevention. However, the positive effects tend to decrease over time. Online training offers significant benefits, making it a viable option for widespread implementation. Additionally, the selection of gatekeepers plays a crucial role in ensuring the effectiveness of online GKT programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1206"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beverage consumption among adults in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada prior to the implementation of a sugar-sweetened beverage tax.","authors":"Daniel A Zaltz, Rachel Prowse, Yanqing Yi, Jessica O'Dea, Scott V Harding","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22432-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22432-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lawmakers in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) recently passed Canada's first sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax. SSB tax evaluations rely on detailed understandings of beverage consumption patterns prior to policy implementation, but there is no recent literature about such patterns among NL residents during the pre-tax period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited a convenience sample of NL adults ages 19 and older and measured participant characteristics via online surveys and beverage intake via previously-validated, semi-quantitative beverage frequency questionnaires. We generated inverse probability weights of sample selection using the Canadian Census as a representative reference sample. We described the weighted prevalence and intake among consumers of taxable SSBs (e.g., regular pop), non-taxable SSBs (e.g., sweetened milk), diet (non-nutritive sweetened) beverages and unsweetened beverages (including 100% juice). We explored weighted bivariate associations between consumption of beverages and sociodemographic characteristics identified as potential correlates of SSB intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample (n = 1233) was 65% female, 57% between ages 30-59 years, and nearly all (94%) white. More than half (57.3%) consumed taxable SSBs weekly, and 23.2% consumed non-taxable SSBs weekly. The most-consumed (highest volume) taxable SSB was regular pop (weighted mean (SD) 2.3 (3.5) L/week); the most-consumed non-taxable SSB was sweetened, flavoured milk (mean (SD) 1.2 2.0) L/week). We found independent differences in consumption patterns (prevalence, mean intake among consumers) across each beverage category. People who were younger, had fewer years of education, reported income below the poverty threshold, or reported experiencing food insecurity had a higher prevalence and mean intake among consumers of taxable SSBs. People with fewer years of education or those who reported experiencing food insecurity had a lower prevalence and mean intake among consumers of unsweetened beverages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings align with prior studies of socioeconomic position and SSB consumption in Canada, which collectively demonstrate that, on average, those with less education and income consume more SSBs and fewer unsweetened beverages. This research provides necessary understanding of social patterning of beverage consumption in NL prior to tax implementation. Post-tax evaluations of this policy should investigate potential impacts of the tax on diet and health equity, as well as potential beverage substitutions towards other beverage categories.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the association between graded sickness absence and return to work confounded by health? A longitudinal cohort study from the Norwegian neck and back registry.","authors":"Ingvild Bardal, Nils Abel Prestegård Aars, Samineh Sanatkar, Sharon Am Stevelink, Oda Lekve Brandseth, Beate Brinchmann, Arnstein Mykletun","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22368-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22368-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are among the leading causes of sickness absence (SA) and disability. Graded sickness absence (GSA) as an alternative to full time sickness absence (FSA) has been implemented in the Nordic countries to promote return to work (RTW) and prevent disability, similar to the Fit Note in the UK. However, the evidence of the effects of GSA on RTW is limited. FSA is plausibly associated with more health problems than GSA. The aim is to investigate if the hypothesized benefits of GSA over FSA on RTW is confounded by health in a cohort of sick listed patients referred to secondary care due to MSD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data was obtained from the Norwegian Neck and Back Register and the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration. Poisson regression was used to estimate the association of GSA versus FSA on RTW at 12 months after assessment, with and without adjustment for measures of symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3371 patients were on GSA (n = 1671, 49.6%) or FSA (n = 1700, 50.4%) at baseline. Patients on FSA reported more severe symptoms than those on GSA on all measures, and detailed analysis of GSA indicated more severe symptoms with higher SA levels. Patients on GSA had higher rates of RTW at 12 months follow up than patients on FSA (unadjusted RR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.22-1.37), and the association remained in the fully adjusted model (RR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.12-1.26). We found an association between levels of GSA and RTW rates, with more work being associated with higher RR for RTW.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among sick listed patients referred to secondary care due to MSD, GSA is associated with higher rates of RTW than FSA. Some of the beneficial association between GSA and RTW is confounded by higher symptom levels in FSA than GSA patients, but most of the benefit remains after adjusting for symptom severity. Mechanisms for the benefit of GSA remains unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1202"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Violence in adulthood amplifies the health correlates of childhood maltreatment.","authors":"Rickard Pettersson, Mattias Strandh, Steven Lucas","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22469-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22469-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although experiences of violence are detrimental and may occur throughout the lifespan, few studies have examined the long-term health correlates of violence in both childhood and adulthood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the association of exposure to child maltreatment (CM) as well as severe violence in adulthood with mental and physical health problems and health-related risk behaviors in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was cross-sectional and applied a novel survey instrument among a random sample of 10 337 Swedish women and men aged 18-74. Logistic regression was applied to calculate odds ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposure to 0, 1, 2 or 3 or more types of CM showed graded associations for depression, anxiety, self-harm and PTSD in adulthood. Irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia and obesity showed modest correlations. No significant associations were found between CM and ischemic heart disease (IHD), type 2 diabetes or cancer, although the ORs were in line with several previous ACE studies. When exposure to severe violence in adulthood was added to CM, odds ratios increased dramatically for mental health problems and health-related risk behaviors, suggesting that revictimization may moderate or mediate this relationship.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results underscore the importance of studying violence exposure in a life-course perspective and suggest that the relationship between childhood adversities and long-term physical health problems in adulthood may be affected by the traumatic effects of revictimization in adult life. This points to the importance of early identification of child maltreatment and provision of robust services to protect children, treat symtoms of trauma, and enhance resilience to decrease the risk of poor health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal variation of child stunting and associated risk factors in Rwanda.","authors":"François Niragire, Jeanine Ahishakiye, Innocent Ngaruye, Charles Ruranga, Joseph Nzabanita, Jean Bosco Ndikubwimana, Dieudonné Ndaruhuye Muhoza, Joseph Nkurunziza, Théogène Rizinde, Pierre Claver Rutayisire","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22335-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22335-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The under-five child stunting has remained a public health problem in the world. In Rwanda, child stunting rates have fluctuated significantly and remained higher than the targets despite a continuing decline of the national average rate. The key drivers of the persistently high child stunting rates and their geographical variation in Rwanda are currently not well known. This study examined the spatial and temporal variation of the under-five child stunting rates and associated factors in Rwanda between 2010 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analysed data from the 2010 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) (n = 4075), the 2014/15 RDHS (n = 3538), and the 2019/20 RDHS (n = 3809). A series of geo-additive binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify the key risk factors for child stunting and their variation in Rwanda between 2010 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show significant variation in the key risk factors over the studied period. The child's gender, birth order, age, and birth weight, mother's height and marital status, number of antenatal care visits, household economic status, and altitude were consistently significant factors of child stunting in Rwanda. The influence of place of residence, mother's education, water source, and type of toilet facility varied. The district-level spatial effects significantly attenuated in the Eastern province while they intensified in the Western and Northern provinces.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The key risk factors for the under-five child stunting and their importance varied considerably over time in Rwanda. The findings suggest the need to improve the household-level welfare by strengthening targeted and district-tailored intervention programs from a multi-sectorial perspective, and sustain the programs outcomes beyond the intervention period.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes towards the practice of female genital mutilation/cutting in Somaliland: evidence from the Somali Demographic Health Survey 2020.","authors":"Abdilaahi Yusuf Nuh","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22371-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22371-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify key demographic, socio-economic, and cultural determinants influencing the continuation of FGM/C and to evaluate its prevalence and associated factors utilizing the 2020 Somali Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A secondary analysis of the Somali Demographic Health Survey (SDHS) in 2020 was conducted, utilizing responses from 6,580 mothers of female children aged 0-14 years. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multi-nominal logistic regression were employed to analyze the prevalence and associated factors of FGM/C. The analysis incorporated sampling weights to ensure accurate population representation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of FGM/C among respondents was 99.6% (n = 6,553), with Pharaonic circumcision being the most prevalent type (76.7%), followed by Sunni (14.1%) and intermediate forms (8.8%). Demographically, 83.9% of respondents had no formal education, while only 0.99% attained higher education, and the majority resided in nomadic (37.7%) and rural (33.6%) areas. Regional variations were observed, with the highest support for FGM/C continuation in Sanaag (77.2%) and the lowest in Maroodi-jeeh (42.2%). Chi-square analysis revealed significant associations between attitudes toward FGM/C and age (X² = 57.12, p < 0.001), place of residence (X² = 299.45, p < 0.001), education (X² = 140.09, p < 0.001), and wealth (X² = 67.48, p < 0.001). Women in nomadic areas (76.1%) and those with no education (67.6%) were more likely to support continuation, compared to urban residents (53.5%) and those with higher education (24.6%). Multinomial logistic regression indicated that urban residents were 44.7% less likely to support continuation than nomadic residents (Exp(B) = 0.553, p < 0.001), and women with no formal education were 2.3 times more likely to support continuation than those with higher education (Exp(B) = 2.307, p = 0.025). Religious beliefs strongly influenced attitudes, with those considering FGM/C a religious requirement overwhelmingly supporting its continuation (Exp(B) ≈ 0, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Notwithstanding the near-universal prevalence of FGM/C in Somaliland, attitudes toward its perpetuation are influenced by educational attainment, socioeconomic status, geographical location, and religious convictions. Targeted educational initiatives and culturally appropriate interventions are imperative for altering perceptions and mitigating the practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review on serotypes distribution of pneumococcal pneumonia in adults and the elderly.","authors":"Fatiha Mrabt, Sandra Guedes","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22164-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22164-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pneumococcal pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among adults, especially those over 65 years of age. Understanding pneumococcal serotype-specific epidemiology in adults and elderly is necessary to inform vaccination policies and to guide the inclusion of serotypes in pneumococcal vaccines. This study aimed to identify the serotypes causing pneumonia in the elderly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review search was performed using the PubMed database from 1984 to 2020. The search was limited to articles written in English. Studies assessing pneumococcal pneumonia in adults were included. Meta-analysis, other systematic literature reviews and case-reports were excluded. Studies published after the introduction of vaccines (PPSV23 and PCVs) were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty studies were included. The most common serotype identified in the majority of the articles in adults was the serotype 3 followed by serotypes 19A and 11A. Those serotypes are included in current vaccines. Emergence of non-vaccine serotypes was also observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pneumococcal pneumonia remains a high burden in the elderly despite the existence of vaccines for many years. In 2019, nearly 1.4 million deaths were attributable to pneumococcal pneumonia (50% of whom were over 70 years old) and was the leading cause of deaths from infectious disease worldwide. The study highlights the importance of constant monitoring serotypes emerging in this population to better target vaccination strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender disparities in delayed angina diagnosis: insights from 2001-2020 NHANES data.","authors":"Naydeen Mostafa, Ahmed Sayed, Marwan Hamed, Muhiddin Dervis, Omar Almaadawy, Omar Baqal","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22214-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22214-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Women with coronary artery disease (CAD) are more likely than men to experience a delay in diagnosis, which is attributed to differences in clinical presentation. The objective of this study is to examine any persistent disparities in timely CAD diagnosis in the United States (U.S.) among women who present with clinically similar symptoms and demographic characteristics to their male counterparts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From the 2001 - 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, participants were categorized as having missed angina if they experienced angina and did not self-report a prior diagnosis of angina pectoris or CAD. We assessed the association between gender and missed angina using weighted multivariate logistic regression models representative of the U.S.</p><p><strong>Population: </strong>Mortality follow-up data were available for participants up to December 31, 2018.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 874 participants with missed angina, 551 (63%) were women and 323 (37.0%) were men. Baseline characteristics showed that women and men with missed angina were more likely than their diagnosed counterparts to be younger, of ethnic minorities, uninsured, and smokers. Women with missed angina were more likely to be in a relationship than diagnosed women, while the opposite pattern was observed in men. The odds ratio of missed angina in women compared to men was 2.61 (95% CI: 1.73, 3.94) after adjusting for age, race, education, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, income, insurance, and comorbidities. Among participants who had a cardiac cause of death, the odds of missed angina in women compared to men was 3.02 (95% CI: 1.18, 7.75) in the adjusted model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Women with similar CAD symptoms to their male counterparts still have higher odds of going undiagnosed. This relationship extends to individuals who ultimately die of cardiac causes. Potential solutions to this disparity include addressing overgeneralized perceptions of differences in the prevalence and presentation of CAD between genders and exploring targeted screening programs for women with risk factors. Further research accounting for healthcare access and proximity to care is needed to support our findings. Timely recognition of CAD in women is essential to decreasing preventable mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}