BMC Public Health最新文献

{"title":"The use of linear programming approach in diet optimization among children under five: a scoping review.","authors":"Yee Xuen Miow, Wilfred Kok Hoe Mok, Wan Ying Gan, Poh Ying Lim, Geeta Appannah, Siti Nur 'Asyura Adznam","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22414-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22414-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adequate nutrition is crucial for optimal child growth and development, especially for children under five. Over the years, the linear programming (LP) approach has been used to develop food-based recommendations (FBRs) for children under five.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This scoping review aims to (i) summarize the use of LP in diet optimization to improve nutrient adequacy, (ii) evaluate nutrient requirements by using modelling techniques when the use of local foods is optimized, and (iii) identify and compare the problem nutrient(s).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This scoping review was performed by searching PubMed and Wiley databases from 2012 to 2025, and also screened the reference lists of included publications to identify potentially eligible articles. Forward and backward citation searches were also performed to supplement the structured searches in the databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies were included after a systematic literature search. The objective functions and the final set of FBRs of the included studies were summarized. Moreover, the nutrient intakes in the optimized diets and the problem nutrients of the included studies were compared and discussed. When optimizing diets using the LP approach, most of the nutrient requirements can be achieved, except for iron and zinc and, in some studies, thiamine, niacin, folate, and calcium. Iron was identified as the problem nutrient in all studies involving infants aged 6 to 11 months old, followed by calcium and zinc. In children aged 12 to 23 months, iron and calcium were identified as the problem nutrients in almost all studies, followed by zinc and folate. In children aged 1 to 3 years, fat, calcium, iron, and zinc were recognized as the absolute problem nutrients, while fat, calcium, and zinc were the absolute problem nutrients for children aged 4 to 5 years. Findings on dietary inadequacy of nutrient intakes were remarkably consistent across studies conducted in different geographic and socioeconomic settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Modeled diets involving local foods are inadequate to meet the requirements for certain micronutrients, particularly iron and zinc. Cost-effective strategies are required to improve the dietary adequacy of young children.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Text messages as a tool to improve cardiovascular disease risk factors control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.","authors":"Ernesto Calderon Martinez, Stephin Zachariah Saji, Jonathan Victor Salazar Ore, Ajay Kumar, Angie Carolina Alonso Ramírez, Sutirtha Mohanty, Viridiana Yumiko Nakamura Ramírez, Ahmad Hammoud, Leen Nasser Shaban, Vaidarshi Abbagoni","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-21818-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-21818-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global mortality, claiming 17.9 million lives annually. Major risk factors include unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and excessive alcohol consumption. Text messaging interventions have the potential to improve individual risk factors and encourage healthy habits. These interventions have been shown to help manage risk factors and slow disease progression. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of text messaging interventions for the primary prevention of CVD risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Searches were conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and CINAHL using MeSH and free-text terms related to cardiovascular disease and text messaging interventions on February 12, 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 5,748 identified articles, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that text messaging interventions significantly improved medication adherence, with a pooled effect size (Mean Difference [MD]) of 0.62 (95% CI: 0.37 to 0.86; p < 0.01; I² = 0.0%). They also significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure (MD: -2.66; 95% CI: -4.63 to -0.70; I² = 85%; p < 0.01) and systolic blood pressure (MD: -6.12; 95% CI: -10.26 to -1.97; I² = 96%; p < 0.01). However, no significant improvements were observed in BMI, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, or HbA1c levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Text messaging interventions effectively improve medication adherence and reduce blood pressure, making them a promising tool for CVD risk control. However, their impact on other cardiovascular risk factors is limited, highlighting the need for further research to explore long-term effects and personalized interventions for diverse populations. Integrating these digital tools into healthcare strategies could enhance CVD prevention efforts and improve cardiovascular risk factor control outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Each one of us did the best we could for the community, while also supporting each other\": community residents' perspectives on community health worker (CHW) response during the COVID-19 pandemic - a community science worker-led qualitative study.","authors":"Melina Michelen, Beatriz Lopez Galeana, Salvador Zárate, Sora Park Tanjasiri, Lindsay Donaldson, Patricia J Cantero, Noraima Chirinos, Rocio Salazar, Mary Anne Foo, Samantha Peralta, Pilar Lara de Cortez, Guadalupe Capistran, John Billimek, Alana M W LeBrón","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22497-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22497-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted the health and social wellbeing of the United States population, disproportionately affecting low-income, immigrant communities of color. In Orange County, California, community health workers (CHWs) were essential to addressing multilevel community needs among impacted communities. However, little is known about how communities and CHWs responded to meet their needs amid pressing challenges.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CHWs completed a popular education qualitative methods program under a Community Science Worker (CSW) model to design and facilitate four semi-structured focus groups and three interviews with 32 residents in Orange County, California, to understand their pandemic experiences and interactions with CHWs. Sessions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using an adapted flexible coding approach to derive data-driven themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Residents described how they supported one another, advocated for their communities, and fostered livelihood and resilience. Four main themes detail the community's response: (1) facing a chain of interconnected challenges; (2) connecting with CHWs and accessing the services they facilitated; (3) fostering a community of care, a mutuality often inspired by interactions with CHWs; and (4) reinforcing foundations through a whole-of-community approach, including strengthening social policies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Engaging community members is crucial for comprehensively understanding the CHW model. Given the enormous ongoing community challenges post-pandemic, these findings call for increased CHW presence, additional support and resources for health and socioeconomic needs, and improved information dissemination to bolster community resilience. Findings center mutual aid, emphasizing the importance of supporting communities in this crucial work. Additionally, engaging with residents who CHWs supported is vital for understanding the full impact of CHW models.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and temporal distribution patterns and factors influencing hepatitis B in China: a geo-epidemiological study.","authors":"Kang Fang, Na Cheng, Chuang Nie, Wentao Song, Yunkang Zhao, Jie Pan, Qi Yin, Jiwei Zheng, Qinglin Chen, Tianxin Xiang","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22452-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22452-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>China is a country with an extremely high disease burden of hepatitis B. Spatiotemporal analysis of hepatitis B from a socioeconomic perspective is of great significance for reducing the disease burden, but there is still a relative lack of research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The age-period-cohort model and spatial distribution maps describe the three-dimensional distribution characteristics of hepatitis B. Spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatiotemporal scanning were used to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics. The random forest algorithm was used to screen the potential influencing factors. The geographic detector model was used to analyze the interaction patterns of variables. Finally, a geographically and temporally weighted regression model was established to analyze the effects of variables on the incidence rate of hepatitis B at different spatiotemporal scales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2004 to 2023, a total of 20,376,898 cases of hepatitis B were reported in China. The incidence rate of hepatitis B decreased at a rate of 3.31% per year, and hepatitis B vaccination has led to this downward trend, accompanied by a significant birth cohort effect. And it shows an aggregated characteristic, which highlights the inequality of geographical distribution. Stronger explanations for the incidence of hepatitis B were found for the number of people at the end of each year (q = 0.1949; where q value refers to the explanatory ability of the independent variable for the dependent variable) and the proportion of rural population (q = 0.1895), with an even stronger explanation for the interaction (q = 0.5366). The magnitude and direction of the effect of factors influencing hepatitis B also varied in different regions, and the effect of each factor on the incidence of hepatitis B was not an independent event.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The later people are born, the lower the incidence of hepatitis B. The northwest and southwest regions are the main hotspots, but there is a tendency to spread to southern China. The number of beds in medical institutions should be increased in densely populated areas, and economic development should be accelerated in sparsely populated areas. Hepatitis B prevention and control should be prioritized in geographic hotspots, coupled with enhanced awareness campaigns in rural areas and catch-up vaccination programs targeting high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demand planning for vaccinations using the example of seasonal influenza vaccination - country comparison and implications for Germany.","authors":"Anna Bußmann, Christian Speckemeier, Pauline Schlesiger, Jürgen Wasem, Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding, Bernhard Ultsch","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22420-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22420-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Annual vaccination is the most important measure to prevent influenza infection. However, demand planning of influenza vaccines is challenging due to seasonal adaptations of virus strains and long production times. The aim was to analyze how other countries manage the demand planning of seasonal influenza vaccines and to draw implications for the German demand planning system for seasonal (influenza) vaccines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-stage approach has been adopted. As a first step, an analysis of the German demand planning system was carried out to identify key challenges. Second, an analysis of comparable countries with regard to solution strategies was conducted. For this, six comparator countries were selected based on different healthcare systems and structures (Australia, Canada, Great Britain, Singapore, Switzerland, USA). Targeted searches in PubMed, Google Scholar and on websites of agencies and organizations were performed. Further information was requested through e-mail correspondence with the ministries of health and other relevant institutions. In addition, experts from the pharmaceutical industry in the selected countries were approached via written survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Identified challenges in the demand planning of influenza vaccines in Germany include a lack of reliability of the current demand planning system, bureaucratic burden, lack of binding orders, financial liability of GPs, vaccine discard and limited possibilities of reordering. Various approaches have been identified in six comparator countries. Some of them are already implemented in the German system, others could address the challenges in the German demand planning for influenza vaccines. These include vaccine forecast methods, monitoring systems/vaccination registers, a central platform for orders, (earlier) preorders, centralized purchase system, reimbursement of a surplus and reallocation and return systems. The different approaches are discussed and linked to address the challenges of the German system.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Several approaches have been identified that may be suitable to address the challenges of the German system of (influenza) vaccine demand planning. In the future, further investigation is necessary to assess the potential feasibility and implementation on a health policy level.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of anemia in India: a systematic review, meta-analysis and geospatial analysis.","authors":"Jyothika Jeevan, Kalesh M Karun, Amitha Puranik, C Deepa, Lintu Mk, Manish Barvaliya","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22439-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22439-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anemia is a major health concern in India, ranking second in maternal mortality and exhibits a higher prevalence compared to many other developing nations. This study aims to analyze prevalence of anemia across age groups using systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present systematic review and meta-analysis includes cross-sectional studies from 1995 to 2023, reporting prevalence of anemia in India. Two authors independently screened and extracted data from relevant articles sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and model selection was based on observed heterogeneity (I²). Geospatial analysis and cumulative meta-analysis were performed using R 4.3.3 and STATA 16 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across 157 studies, the prevalence of anemia varied among different age groups and regions in India. Toddlers (under 3 years) had a 69% prevalence, with highest in the Eastern (87%) and lowest in the Northern (50%) regions. Pre-school children (3-5 years) had a 64% prevalence, exhibiting 85% and 37% in the Central and the North-Eastern regions, respectively. Among the school going children, the overall prevalence was 51.2%. The highest prevalence at 83.9% was seen in the North-Eastern regions, while the Central regions had the lowest prevalence at 40%. An overall prevalence of 53% was observed among individuals aged 19-59 years. The Northern region exhibited the highest prevalence (64%) and the lowest in the North-Eastern (39%) regions in this age group. Elderly individuals had a prevalence between 52 to 68%, with the highest in the Eastern (65%) and the lowest in the North-Eastern (44%) regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anemia prevalence was highest among toddlers and lowest among school children, with notable regional variations. Cumulative meta-analysis uncovered both consistent and increasing trends across various age groups. This meta-analysis provides essential insights for effective strategies against persistence of anemia prevalence.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration number is CRD42023431577.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1270"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The associations between serum carotenoids and hyperuricemia among U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","authors":"Hong He, Ping Li, Haokun Huang, Yanlin Zeng, Min Zhang, Zhibing Chen, Shiqi Huang, Fangfang Zeng, Hui Ge","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22060-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22060-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for various metabolic disorders. We aimed to investigate the association between serum carotenoid levels and hyperuricemia using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis utilizing data from three specific NHANES cycles (2003-2004, 2005-2006, 2017-2018), containing the most complete serum carotenoid data from 12,253 participants aged 20 years and older. Serum carotenoids were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography, while hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid levels ≥ 416 μmol/L (7.0 mg/dL) in men and ≥ 357 μmol/L (6.0 mg/dL) in women. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to assess the relationship between carotenoids and hyperuricemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 50.1 ± 18.7 years, with a hyperuricemia prevalence of 20.5%. Higher serum carotenoids were associated with a lower prevalence of hyperuricemia, with each 1-unit increase in total carotenoids being inversely associated with hyperuricemia (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.82) in multivariable analyses. Compared to participants with the lowest quartile, reduced ORs for hyperuricemia odds were observed for those with the highest quartile for total carotenoids (0.55 [0.47-0.64]), α-carotene (0.60 [0.52-0.71]), β-carotene (0.56 [0.48-0.65]), β-cryptoxanthin (0.58 [0.49-0.67]), trans-lycopene (0.75 [0.65-0.87]), cis-lycopene (0.83 [0.65-1.06]), total-lycopene (0.75 [0.64-0.87]), and lutein + zeaxanthin (0.66 [0.57-0.77]). Subgroup analyses indicated stronger associations among younger individuals, women, and those without any history of diabetes or cardiovascular disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher serum carotenoid levels are associated with reduced odds of hyperuricemia. These results underscore the potential role of carotenoids in managing hyperuricemia and its related health complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mercury poisoning in women and infants inhabiting the Gangetic plains of Bihar: risk assessment.","authors":"Arun Kumar, Radhika Agarwal, Kanhaiya Kumar, Nirmal Kumar Chayal, Govind Kumar, Rajiv Kumar, Mohammad Ali, Abhinav Srivastava, Siddhant Aryal, Tejasvi Pandey, Kumar Sambhav Verma, Dhruv Kumar, Rahul Laxman Gajbhiye, Sameer Dhingra, Naresh Pothuraju, Ramalingam Peraman, Akhouri Bishwapriya, Ranbir Nandan, Ashok Sharma, Manisha Singh, Ashok Kumar Ghosh","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22336-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22336-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mercury is a persistent, bio-accumulative, and hazardous contaminant. When released into the environment, it accumulates in water sediments, converting it to poisonous methylmercury that enters the food chain. The present study was carried out in habitations from the 11 districts of Bihar (India). In the study, n = 224 lactating women and their infants n = 172 infants participated. After obtaining the written informed consent, their breast milk, urine, and blood were collected for mercury estimation. The breastmilk content was measured in n = 181 subjects, in which 74% women had their breastmilk higher than the WHO permissible limit (< 1.7 μg/L), while 26% of the women had their breast milk below the permissible limit. The blood mercury content showed that 19% subjects had mercury content above the permissible limit [20 μg/L]. In urine mercury estimation, 49% women had mercury content above the permissible limit [10 μg/L], while, 51% women had the mercury content below the permissible limit. In the child's urine, 54% infants had their mercury content in urine above the permissible limit [10 μg/L] while 46% infants had content below the permissible limit. The study indicates that 20% of infants had the complete accumulation of mercury in their body which is highly toxic for them. However, the mercury content in the food (wheat) had the contamination with in the permissible limit [100 μg/kg]. There was a significant correlation found between the breastmilk and child's urine and mother's urine. The HQ study also correlates the mercury poisoning effect with 100% of the mother's and 66% of the infants exceeding the limit of non-carcinogenic risk. The Monte Carlo and multivariate study correlates the high health risk in the studied population due to mercury poisoning. The entire study concludes that population inhabitation in the Gangetic plains of Bihar are exposed to mercury poisoning which may be due to geogenic or anthropogenic sources. But, the levels of mercury contamination above the permissible limit could lead to neurogenerative changes in the lactating mothers and their infants. To control the present problem medical intervention is immediately required.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1275"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musculoskeletal disorders and other occupational health outcomes among sanitation workers in Nepal: A community based cross-sectional survey exploring the risk factors, knowledge, and practices.","authors":"Samip Khatri, Gita Kumari Shah, Pratibha Bhandari, Sweta Koirala, Kalidas Neupane, Niraj Bhattarai, Sagar Gyawali, Bipan Bahadur Tiwari, Sonam Magar, Antra Kapar, Monika Chaudhary, Subash Wagle, Sanjay Kumar Shah, Sara Hagedorn Kragh, Kurt Rasmussen, Erik Jørs, Dinesh Neupane","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22282-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22282-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sanitation workers play a crucial role in waste management and are at risk of significant occupational health hazards. This study aims to assess work-related musculoskeletal disorders along with other occupational health outcomes, knowledge and practices pertaining to occupational health risks among sanitation workers in five municipalities of Nepal and identify factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 790 sanitation workers using a non-probability sampling method. The study was conducted from December 2023 to December 2024, which involved structured face-to-face interviews with the participants and their health assessments by trained medical doctors. The study assessed socio-demographic characteristics, occupational health outcomes such as musculoskeletal disorders, and knowledge and practices pertaining to occupational health risks. A stepwise backward selection method was employed for conducting multiple logistic regression to identify the significant predictors of musculoskeletal disorders. Odds ratio and 95% CI were used to estimate the magnitude of association. p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the total estimated sample size, 93% of the participants attended the health camp and completed the survey. Musculoskeletal disorders were observed in 36% (95% CI:35.5-39.7) of sanitation workers, with the highest prevalence among sweepers (38.8%), while needlestick injuries were common among the waste collectors (7.2%). Knowledge scores on occupational health risk prevention were moderate (70.7%), with 70.1% of workers reporting the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Predictors of musculoskeletal disorders included age (OR:1.02, 95% CI:1.00-1.03), belonging to an underprivileged ethnic group (OR:2.14, 95% CI:1.01-5.53), education level (grade1-5) (OR:1.49, 95% CI:1.03-2.16) and employment in Pokhara municipality (OR:1.43, 95% CI:0.94-2.18).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sanitation workers in Nepal face significant work-related occupational health risks, particularly musculoskeletal disorders, influenced by socio-demographic and job-specific factors. It is essential to implement targeted training programs for occupational safety, enforce workplace safety regulations, and conduct routine health screenings of sanitation workers by the municipality.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience model of public health sector during unknown pandemics: a grounded theory approach for COVID-19 in Iran.","authors":"Omid Sadeghkhani, Peyman Mehdi Alamdarloo, Maryam Alsadat Mahmoodi Mehr, Elahe Shokri Kazem Abadi, Sedighe Sadat Tabatabaei Far, Sajad Delavari","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22474-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-22474-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During health crises, the demand for government healthcare services rises sharply due to increased patient admissions, resource shortages, and systemic pressure. The resilience of public hospitals in critical conditions is essential for maintaining healthcare services, reducing mortality, and ensuring system sustainability. This study aims to develop a resilience model for the public healthcare sector in response to unknown pandemics, with a focus on COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study employed a grounded theory approach. Participants included 25 senior and mid-level managers and medical personnel from hospitals affiliated with the COVID-19 response center in Shiraz. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, field notes, and memoing. Data analysis was conducted using MAXQDA-2010 software and Corbin and Strauss's constant comparison method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings indicate that resilience in the public health sector during the pandemic was influenced by four key factors: infrastructure and supply chain management, financial management, human resource management, and crisis management. Among these factors, the preparedness of the health system played a central role in determining resilience.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To enhance resilience in future pandemics, Policymakers should prioritize sustainable financing, strengthen supply chain mechanisms, and improve human resource management to ensure effective crises response.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"1271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}