BMC Public Health最新文献

{"title":"NorthPop: a prospective population-based birth cohort study.","authors":"Christina E West, Pernilla Lif Holgerson, Anna Chmielewska, Richard Lundberg-Ulfsdotter, Carina Lagerqvist, Elisabeth Stoltz Sjöström, Katharina Wulff, Olof Sandström, Ingrid Mogren, Sven Arne Silfverdal, Magnus Domellöf","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-23561-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-23561-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a global health issue, posing a substantial burden on the individual, community, and public health. The risk of developing NCDs is influenced by a complex interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The NorthPop Birth Cohort Study (NorthPop) constitutes an infrastructure enabling cutting-edge research on the foundational pathways to NCDs in childhood, including allergic diseases and asthma, overweight/obesity, cognitive and neurodevelopmental dysfunction, gastrointestinal disorders, and caries. NorthPop aims at recruiting 10,000 families. Pregnant women and their partners residing in Västerbotten County, Sweden are eligible. Recruitment started in 2016 and is anticipated to end in 2025. Extensive data on parental, fetal and child health outcomes, lifestyle, diet, and environmental exposures are prospectively collected using web-based questionnaires in pregnancy and childhood until the children turn 7 years old. Urine samples are collected from the pregnant woman at gestational age 14-24 weeks. Blood samples are collected at gestational age 28 weeks. Placenta and cord blood are collected at birth. A breast milk sample is collected 1 month postpartum. Blood samples from the children are collected at 18 months and 7 years of age. Oral swabs and fecal samples are collected from the children within 48 h of birth, at 1, 9 and 18 months, 3 and 7 years of age. At age 7 years, children are invited to a follow-up visit, including measurements of weight, height, blood pressure, pulse, hand grip strength, working memory, skin prick test and saliva sampling. Additional measurements, such as sleep-wake and light exposure, and additional biological samples are collected in sub-cohorts. Permission for linkage to medical records and national registers e.g., the Swedish Pregnancy Register, the National Patient Register, the Longitudinal Integration Database for Health insurance and Labor market studies and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register has been granted.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our multidisciplinary approach allows us to study how early life exposures, as well as parental health and lifestyle, influence future health in the offspring. Our results are anticipated to contribute to the understanding of disease risk and may inform future strategies aimed at risk reduction, highly significant for public health.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Retrospectively registered at Researchweb 11 November 2024 (project number 279272).</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"2171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the mental health impact of COVID-19 on parents of young children: anxiety, depression, and contributing factors.","authors":"Elisa Rodríguez-Toscano, Daniel Schleicher, Angelika Ecker, Stephanie Kandsperger, Romuald Brunner, Irina Jarvers","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-23467-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-23467-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic led to a global shutdown, with most countries implementing widespread lockdowns. While such measures were essential in curbing the spread of COVID-19, their impact on the mental health of parents with preschool-aged children is not yet sufficiently understood. This study aimed to assess anxiety and depression symptoms in parents during and after the COVID-19 lockdowns, and to examine how demographic and pandemic-related factors influenced these outcomes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 128 parents in Germany with preschool children (aged 2 to 6 years) participated in an online survey. The survey assessed three key periods: before the nationwide lockdowns (retrospectively), during the most challenging phase of the lockdown (retrospectively), and after the lockdowns were lifted. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were investigated with validated questionnaires and pandemic-specific stressors (e.g., isolation of child) with a self-developed set of 23 items. Descriptive statistics, group comparisons, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Symptoms of anxiety and depression significantly increased during lockdowns in comparison to before pandemic onset and remained elevated after restrictions eased. Key predictors of poorer mental health included pre-pandemic symptoms, lower parental education, concerns about access to primary care, and children's social isolation during lockdowns. Demographic factors alone were not consistently significant predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Symptoms of anxiety and depression significantly increased during lockdowns compared to before pandemic onset and remained elevated after restrictions eased. COVID-19-related stressors played a greater role in parental mental health outcomes than demographic variables. These findings emphasize the need for early identification of at-risk families and the development of targeted interventions to support parental well-being in future public health emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"2174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal patterns of mental well-being over four years in a german general population sample: a growth mixture modeling approach.","authors":"Johanna Fischer, Ulrich John, Hans-Jürgen Rumpf, Andreas Staudt, Sophie Baumann","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-23539-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-23539-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although mental well-being is facing growing challenges against the background of global crises such as climate change, pandemics, and social inequality, little is known about longitudinal patterns of mental well-being in the general population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study is based on self-report data from 1,605 adults aged 18 to 64 years who were proactively recruited at a municipal registration office (M = 31.0 years, SD = 10.8 years). Mental well-being was assessed at baseline, and 3, 6, 12, 36 and 48 months later using the five-item Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5). Covariates were smoking, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, age, sex, school education and relationship status. Growth Mixture Modeling was used to identify latent trajectory classes of mental well-being. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test whether class membership is predicted by health behaviors and sociodemographic variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three latent trajectory classes were found. The first class (\"stable high\", n = 1,251, 78%) showed the highest mental well-being throughout the study with only minor fluctuations over time. The second class (n = 192, 12%) showed a \"steadily increasing\" trajectory starting with the lowest MHI-5 sum score of the three classes at baseline that increased over time. The third class (\"fluctuating\", n = 162, 10%) reported a slight increase in mental well-being during the first six months, followed by a steep decline to 36 months, which then increased to almost baseline-level at 48 months. The odds of being classified into the \"steadily increasing\" or \"fluctuating\" compared to the \"stable high\" class were higher for men and younger participants. The odds of belonging to the \"steadily increasing\" compared to the \"stable high\" class were higher for participants with more than 12 years of school education and those being in a relationship. Health behaviors did not predict latent trajectory class membership.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Three different temporal patterns of mental well-being were found in a German general population sample, with the majority showing a stable level of high mental well-being over four years. Further research is needed to understand fluctuating patterns and the causal factors influencing mental well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"2175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical, mental and behavioral health indicators in relation to academic performance in European boys and girls: the I.Family study.","authors":"Qinyun Lin, Monica Hunsberger, Sofia Klingberg, Stefaan de Henauw, Antje Hebestreit, Fabio Lauria, Artur Mazur, Luis Moreno, Kurdiné Molnár Eszter Noémi, Iris Pigeot, Michael Tornaritis, Toomas Veidebaum, Lauren Lissner","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-23578-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-23578-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Academic performance in children is associated with a range of health-related factors, including physical fitness, mental well-being, sleep, and behavioral patterns. While previous studies have examined these factors individually, fewer have assessed their independent associations with academic achievement while accounting for other relevant health indicators. This study uses data from the I.Family study to explore how physical, mental, sleep-related, and behavioral health indicators relate to academic achievement among European adolescents, considering each factor's contribution while adjusting for the others.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the 2013-2014 wave of the I.Family study to investigate eight health indicators: health related quality of life (HRQoL), body mass index (BMI), diet, media use, physical activity, sleep duration and quality, and stressful life events. Their associations with self-reported academic performance in mathematics and language were analyzed using binary logistic regression models, adjusting for confounders such as parents' education, income, survey country and child's age. We conducted separate analyses for girls and boys to capture associations that are specific to academic subject and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A number of significant associations were found between several health indicators and academic performance. Higher HRQoL scores, reduced media time, and increased physical activity were linked to better academic performance in both mathematics and language for both boys and girls. Variation by sex and academic subjects were observed, with lower BMI, higher healthy diet scores and better sleep quality associated with better academic performance in language among girls. For mathematics, emotional, self-esteem, and family-related HRQoL were all significantly associated with higher performance for both boys and girls. In contrast, for language achievement, only family-related HRQoL was significant for both sexes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study underscores the need to consider both the importance of accounting for heterogeneity in sex and the differences between math and language academic subjects when investigating determinants of academic performance, setting the stage for further research on this topic to explore potential competing, synergistic, or time-dependent effects among these different health dimensions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"2176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lonely children and adolescents are less healthy and report less social support: A study on the effect of loneliness on mental health and the moderating role of social support.","authors":"Raphael Schütz, Franziska Reiss, Irene Moor, Anne Kaman, Ludwig Bilz","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-23247-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-23247-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Loneliness among children and adolescents has been increasingly recognized as a public health issue, for example, because of its associations with mental health problems. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence regarding the links between loneliness and mental health and the potential buffering role of social support. Thus, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of loneliness among children and adolescents in Germany and its associations with mental health. Furthermore, we analyze whether social support is negatively correlated with loneliness and mental health problems and whether it acts as a moderator of the association between loneliness and mental health issues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed data from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in Germany in 2022, which included 6,475 students aged 11, 13, and 15 years (girls: 50,6%, M_age = 13,4, SD = 1,7). Loneliness was measured via the University of California-Los Angeles Scale (UCLA) and a single-item measure. The mental health indicators included subjective health, life satisfaction, and multiple psychosomatic complaints. Social support from family, teachers, and classmates was assessed. Chi-square tests, t tests, logistic regressions, and moderation analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 17.2% of the students reported high levels of loneliness. Compared with boys, girls and gender-diverse students reported higher rates of loneliness. High levels of loneliness were strongly linked to poorer subjective health (OR = 5.56, p <.001), lower life satisfaction (OR = 7.32, p <.001), and increased psychosomatic complaints (OR = 7.38, p <.001). High social support from family, teachers, and students was associated with reduced loneliness and better mental health outcomes. Teacher support in grades 7 and 9 buffered the effect of loneliness on multiple psychosomatic complaints.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight that loneliness is a prevalent phenomenon among children and adolescents and is strongly associated with mental health issues. Greater social support is linked to reduced loneliness and better mental health, so targeted interventions to promote social support in schools and families are needed to address loneliness. Future research should explore longitudinal relationships and further elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"2172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outdoor physical activity in traditional and newly designed preschools: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Andreas Fröberg, Therese Eskilsson, Annika Manni, Jonas Markström","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-23455-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-23455-z","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Outdoor time and play are crucial for children's learning and development, impacting various physical, cognitive, and social aspects of their well-being and socio-emotional growth. In Sweden, new preschools are increasingly built as multi-story facilities, accommodating larger cohorts of children while often reducing outdoor space. This trend raises concerns about the quality of outdoor environments and their impact on physical activity (PA) opportunities. This study aims to explore outdoor total PA and PA levels among children in traditionally and newly designed preschools across varied outdoor play environments. The primary research question was: How does total outdoor PA differ among children attending traditionally designed versus newly designed preschools, and across different types of outdoor play environments? The hypothesis was that children's total outdoor PA is higher in preschools with higher-quality outdoor play environments, and, among preschools of similar quality, those with traditional designs are associated with higher PA levels than newly designed ones. The secondary research question was: How do outdoor PA levels differ among children attending traditionally designed versus newly designed preschools? The hypothesis was that children attending traditionally designed preschools engage in higher levels of outdoor PA than those attending newly designed preschools.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This cross-sectional study involved 106 children aged 3-5-year-olds from six (3 traditional and 3 newly designed) strategically selected preschools in Sweden. Data for total PA was collected with accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X+) among 106 children. Data for PA level (n = 371 observations) was collected through observations. The preschool outdoor play environments were assessed using the Outdoor Play Environment Categories (OPEC). Multiple regression was used to assess how preschool type (traditional/newly designed) and OPEC predicted total PA. Chi-square test was used to explore differences in PA levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The result showed that children in newly designed preschools (p = 0.019 for forenoon and p = 0.049 for afternoon) and children in preschools with higher OPEC (p &lt; 0.001 for forenoon and p &lt; 0.001 for afternoon) had higher outdoor total PA than their children peers. In contrast, observations showed that PA levels differed among children in traditional and newly designed preschools (p = 0.005), with those at traditional preschools having higher proportions of moderate movements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The present study showed that children in newly designed preschools, and children in preschools with higher-quality outdoor play environment, had higher outdoor total PA than their children peers. In addition, that children in traditional preschools had higher proportions of moderate movements compared to newly designed preschools. These results emphasise the importance","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"2173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing work-related fatigue and burden among Egyptian oncology nurses: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Ghada O El-Khawaga, Abdel-Hady El-Gilany, Heba Ali Hamed Mohamed","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-23374-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-23374-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"2169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144494543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways linking health literacy to diabetes risk scores in a non-diabetic population in Ismailia, Egypt: a cross sectional study design.","authors":"Mirella Youssef Tawfik, Rehab A Mohamed, Noha M Abu Bakr Elsaid","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-23526-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-23526-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health issue in Egypt. Health literacy (HL) is a modifiable factor influencing diabetes risk (DR), but the pathways through which HL impacts diabetes risk remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the direct and indirect pathways linking HL to DR in a non-diabetic population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2022 to August 2023 among employees in the administrative sectors of 16 faculties at Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. Each faculty was treated as a cluster for sampling. Eligible participants were those without a diagnosis of T2DM. Exclusion criteria included use of antidiabetic medications, cancer diagnosis, long-term corticosteroid or immunosuppressant use, or pregnancy. Sample size from each sector was determined proportionally based on the number of eligible employees, and participants were randomly selected from a coded list. Data were collected via structured face-to-face interviews using validated tools to assess HL, self-efficacy (SE), diabetes knowledge (DK), preventive health behaviors (PHB), and DR, measured by the ARABRISK score. Statistical analyses included Spearman correlations, non-parametric tests, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via SAS PROC CALIS to assess direct and indirect pathways from HL to DR, controlling for significant covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the participants, 59.4% had inadequate/problematic HL, and 54.8% had moderate-to-high DR. HL was positively correlated with DK (r = 0.275), SE (r = 0.379), and PHB (r = 0.514) and negatively correlated with DR (r=-0.542), all with p-values < 0.001. The strongest negative correlation was between PHB and DR (r=-0.957). SEM revealed a weak but significant direct effect of HL on DR (β= - 0.05108, p < 0.001). The most substantial indirect effect was observed through PHB (β= - 0.93663, p < 0.001). Additional indirect pathways through DK and SE also emerged, although SE had no significant effect on PHB.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HL reduces DR primarily through its effect on PHB. While DK and SE contribute, their effects are less pronounced. Interventions that enhance HL and support healthy behaviors may help prevent T2DM in at-risk populations. Future research should use longitudinal designs, diabetes-specific HL tools, objective risk measures; explore psychosocial mediators; and study diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"2170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144494544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Determinants of height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) among Ethiopian children aged 0-59 months: a multilevel mixed-effects analysis.","authors":"Nebyu Daniel Amaha","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-23509-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-23509-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"2168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12183834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health in children with and without disabilities in a register-based Swedish sample supports the two-continua model: a latent class analysis.","authors":"Lina Homman, Lilly Augustine, Mats Granlund","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-23388-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-23388-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental health is a term frequently used to describe mental health problems. However, mental health includes both mental health problems and well-being. Therefore, mental health can be seen as having two distinct yet related dimensions, as described in the two-continua model of mental health (Westerhof & Keyes, 2010) where an individual can simultaneously experience any combination of well-being and problems, suggesting four classes: (i) high well-being, low problems; (ii) high well-being, high problems; (iii) low well-being, low problems; and (iv) low well-being, high problems. Through this framework an understanding of differences in putative risk and protective factors can be gained when compared across classes. While the model has received support, it is unclear how it applies to children. In particular, children with disabilities, as disabilities pose a risk factor to poor mental health. A greater understanding of similarities and differences between children with and without disabilities, and of risk and protective factors, could help tailor support focused on enhancing well-being, both as a goal and as a means to better self-management of mental health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present project utilizes Sweden Statistics (SCB) study (barnULF) to measure life conditions. Nearly 4000 children aged 10-18, with and without disabilities, and their caregivers (ULF/SILC) were studied through yearly interview-based sample surveys conducted between 2013 and 2019. Latent class analysis was performed to assess whether the data fit a 4-class model in line with the two-continua model. Possible factors influencing mental health, including participation, were compared across the identified classes and between children with and without disabilities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis confirmed the predicted model. Each class showed distinct features regarding putative risk and protective factors of mental health and demographics in both the child and caregiver. These features differed significantly between children with and without disabilities, especially relating to participation, social bonds, family functioning, digital media use, and perceived safety. Age, disability, and gender predicted class adversity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that mental health problems and well-being are two related but separate constructs, highlighting the importance of promoting participation and recognizing well-being and not just mental health problems when planning interventions. The results also highlight the importance of providing support for not only the child but also their caregiver.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"2167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}