BMC Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Chlamydia cases in women of reproductive age, 2006-2020: an analysis of surveillance data from Southern China.","authors":"Peizhen Zhao, Peng Liang, Jinshen Wang, Wenqian Xu, Shujie Huang, Cheng Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-21318-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21318-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chlamydia is common among women of reproductive age and can cause serious health issues. This study aimed to examine the trends and factors linked to newly diagnosed and reported chlamydia cases in women aged 15-49 in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included all newly diagnosed and reported chlamydia cases from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2020. Data from 21 cities in Guangdong Province were sourced from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System in China. Temporal trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression models. City-level factors (population density, net migration rate, and male-to-female sex ratio) were derived from the Guangdong Statistical Yearbook and the Guangdong Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook. Quasi-Poisson regression models were used to explore the relationship between sociodemographic factors and chlamydia incidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2006 to 2020, 523,367 new chlamydia cases were reported among women of reproductive age in Guangdong. The mean reported rate was 122.6 per 100,000 population over 15 years, significantly increasing from 1.4 in 2006 to 179.7 in 2020 (average annual percent change [AAPC] = 47.4%, 95% CI: 42.8%-52.2%, P < 0.05). The highest rate was 196.8 per 100,000 population in 2019. Among older women, 9,045 cases were reported, with a mean reported rate of 4.9 per 100,000, rising significantly from 0.01 in 2006 to 9.6 in 2020 (AAPC = 52.6%, 95% CI: 30.3%-78.8%, P < 0.05). The reported rate among women of reproductive age correlated with the net migration rate (RR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.2-1.3) and the ratio of those participating in child-bearing insurance to the permanent population (RR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.4-1.6).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The reported rate of new chlamydia cases among women of reproductive age was significantly higher than among older adults and increased markedly from 2006 to 2020. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted prevention strategies for women of reproductive age.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of deprivation, age, and regional differences in COVID-19 mortality from 2020 to 2022: a retrospective analysis of public provincial data.","authors":"Anqi A Chen, Elizabeth M Renouf, Charmaine B Dean, X Joan Hu","doi":"10.1186/s12889-024-21031-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21031-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) quickly spread around the world after its initial identification in Wuhan, China in 2019 and became a global public health crisis. COVID-19 related hospitalizations and deaths as important disease outcomes have been investigated by many studies while less attention has been given to the relationship between these two outcomes at a public health unit level. In this study, we aim to establish the relationship of counts of deaths and hospitalizations caused by COVID-19 over time across 34 public health units in Ontario, Canada, taking demographic, geographic, socio-economic, and vaccination variables into account.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed daily data of the 34 health units in Ontario between March 1, 2020 and June 30, 2022. Associations between numbers of COVID-19 related deaths and hospitalizations were explored over three subperiods according to the availability of vaccines and the dominance of the Omicron variant in Ontario. A generalized additive model (GAM) was fit in each subperiod. Heterogeneity across public health units was formulated via a random intercept in each of the models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean daily COVID-19 deaths increased quickly as daily hospitalizations increased, particularly when daily hospitalizations were less than 20. In all the subperiods, mean daily deaths of a public health unit was significantly associated with its population size and the proportion of confirmed cases in subjects over 60 years old. The proportion of fully vaccinated (2 doses of primary series) people in the 60 + age group was a significant factor after the availability of the COVID-19 vaccines. The deprivation index, a measure of poverty, had a significantly positive effect on COVID-19 mortality after the dominance of the Omicron variant in Ontario. Quantification of these effects was provided, including effects related to public health units.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The differences in COVID-19 mortality across health units decreased over time, after adjustment for other covariates. In the last subperiod when most public health protections were released and the Omicron variant dominated, the least advantaged group might suffer higher COVID-19 mortality. Interventions such as paid sick days and cleaner indoor air should be made available to counter lifting of health protections.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BMI trajectories are associated with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis via aging-inflammation mediation.","authors":"Haiyang Peng, Zhibo Zhao, Jianping Gong, Kun He","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-21322-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-21322-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As the global epidemic of obesity fuels metabolic conditions, the burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) will become enormous. Abundant studies revealed the association between high body mass index (BMI) and NAFLD but overlooked the BMI patterns across life stages. We aimed to explore how BMI trajectories over age relate to NAFLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Selecting 3212 participants in NHANES 2017-2020, we tracked BMI records at different ages. Using a latent class trajectory model (LCTM), we identified BMI trajectories over age. Multinomial logistic regression assessed their association with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed mediation effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 3 BMI trajectories: Steady Progression, Increase to Decrease, and Rapid Ascending. There was no significant difference in NAFLD/advanced fibrosis risk between the increase-to-decrease group and the steady progression group. The Rapid Ascending trajectory significantly correlated with NAFLD (OR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.29-3.77) and advanced fibrosis (OR = 3.04, 95% CI 1.13-8.22). This association was influenced by a chain-mediated process of phenotypic age and C-reactive protein (mediated effect to NAFLD = 0.010, p < 0.01; mediated effect to advanced fibrosis = 0.003, p < 0.05). This mediation on NAFLD was independent of insulin resistance (IR). The association between rapid ascending trajectory and advanced fibrosis was more pronounced among the male subgroup (p for interaction = 0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rapid ascending trajectory of BMI correlates with an increased susceptibility to NAFLD and advanced fibrosis independent of BMI, mediated by aging and inflammation. Our results suggest that long-term maintenance of BMI is pivotal in NAFLD prevention. Aging-inflammation may represent a distinct mechanism of sustained obesity to NAFLD, independent of IR.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142977159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between COVID-19 anxiety syndrome and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the postpandemic era: a cross-sectional study in Hong Kong.","authors":"Timothy Chung Ming Wu, Jonathan Ka Ming Ho, Sai Kit Choi, Yanki Hiu Yan Chan, Bella Wing Sze Chan, Timmy Tim Ming Li, Fu Po Tam, Ivan Man Chun Wong, Alex Siu Wing Chan","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-21367-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21367-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound psychophysiological and socioeconomic effects worldwide. COVID-19 anxiety syndrome (CAS) is a specific cluster of maladaptive coping strategies, including perseveration and avoidance behaviours, in response to the perceived threat and fear of COVID-19. CAS is distinct from general COVID-19 anxiety. The level of CAS in the postpandemic era remained unknown. Despite extensive research on general COVID-19 anxiety and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (CVH), few studies have investigated the association between CAS and CVH. The present study aimed to assess the level of CAS and the prevalence of CVH and explore the association between CAS and CVH in the general population of Hong Kong.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in Hong Kong. Participants were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling methods and completed an online or a paper-based questionnaire comprising two well-validated instruments. The COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C-19ASS), which includes the C-19ASS-P and C-19ASS-A subscales, was used to evaluate CAS in terms of perseveration and avoidance behaviours. The COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (CVHS) was used to determine the presence of CVH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 389 participants. The median C-19ASS-P and C-19ASS-A scores were 8 (Interquartile range (IQR) 5-13) and 3 (IQR 0-6), respectively. The CVHS scores revealed a CVH prevalence of 68.1%. A significantly larger proportion of participants with CVH rated \"hesitant\" compared with those without CVH across all the CVHS items. Furthermore, the median C-19ASS-P and C-19ASS-A scores were significantly higher for participants without CVH than for those with CVH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings revealed that CAS persists and CVH is common in the postpandemic era and that CAS is associated with CVH. Comprehensive interventions addressing both informational and psychological aspects are needed to increase the rate of vaccine acceptance and to mitigate the effect of CAS on public health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the decision-making practices in automated external defibrillator deployment: insights from Shanghai, China.","authors":"Chaowei Wu, Yeling Wu, Lu Qiao","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-21341-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21341-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the government has promoted the increased deployment of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in public places with dense crowds, which is of great significance for ensuring that residents enjoy equal health rights. However, it is still unclear what factors decision-makers take into account when formulating deployment plans and whether these factors are related to local characteristics such as population distribution and socioeconomic conditions. Taking Shanghai, China as the research area, we adopted the kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation analysis to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of AEDs. We constructed a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to identify the key factors influencing AED deployment. The results showed that AEDs in Shanghai presented obvious clustering distribution characteristics. The GWR model found that the factors considered by decision-makers in different regions when deploying AEDs followed the guidance of existing policies. It was also found that decision-makers in Shanghai mainly deployed more devices in areas with a high density of the elderly population, dense transportation networks, cultural and educational places, and transportation hubs with large population flows. However, it was observed that the city center might lack sufficient preparation for the elderly group. In order to allocate emergency medical resources more reasonably, it is very important to determine the practices of decision-makers in deploying AEDs. The GWR has shown the potential to evaluate and guide the local implementation of deployment plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An introduction to MyBFF@school, a school-based childhood obesity intervention program: a cluster randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Abdul Halim Mokhtar, Zahari Ishak, Fuziah Md Zain, Rusidah Selamat, Abqariyah Yahya, Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-21382-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21382-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity trend among Malaysian children is on the rise. Noting that the tendency for them to grow into obese adults and the relationship of obesity to many non-communicable diseases, the My Body is Fit and Fabulous at School (MyBFF@school program) was designed to combat obesity among the schoolchildren. The program was piloted in 2014 in Putrajaya, Malaysia. There were several challenges during the pilot study which included strain in manpower, limited variation of physical activity, nutrition, and psychology modules, time-constraint after school hours, co-curriculum marks, contamination effect, and school selection. The main MyBFF@school in 2016 addressed the challenges and improvised the design which were elaborated in subsequent articles in this supplement. This cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in three states; Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan in 23 primary and 15 secondary schools were selected through proportionate random sampling. The MyBFF@school intervention package consisted of physical activity, nutrition and psychology components were carried out for six months. Data were collected at baseline, mid (month-3) and end (month-6) of the study period. The effects of the program on body composition, clinical, physical fitness, nutrition, and psychology were assessed in primary schoolchildren aged 9 to 11 years old (children age group) and secondary schoolchildren (adolescent) aged 13 to 16 years old. The prevalence of overweight and obesity at screening (N=22,816) were 29.4% in primary and 26.8% in secondary schoolchildren. Outcomes of the trial is presented in this supplement. In summary, the MyBFF@school program is a school-based intervention for overweight and obese children and adolescent. It is a combination of physical activity, nutrition and psychology components. We present in this supplement, the rationale, methodology and the outcomes of this randomized control trial of the MyBFF@school program.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"24 Suppl 1","pages":"3628"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of MyBFF@school, a multifaceted obesity intervention program, on anthropometry and body composition of overweight and obese primary schoolchildren.","authors":"Ruziana Mona Wan Mohd Zin, Abdul Halim Mokhtar, Abqariyah Yahya, Fuziah Md Zain, Rusidah Selamat, Zahari Ishak, Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin","doi":"10.1186/s12889-024-20724-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20724-1","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Recently, there has been an increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity in Malaysia, raising concerns about increased cardiometabolic morbidity. MyBFF@school is a multifaceted program comprising physical activity, nutritional education, and psychological empowerment introduced to combat childhood obesity in Malaysia. The efficacy of a six-month intervention on the body composition of overweight and obese primary schoolchildren was evaluated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This is a school-based, cluster randomized controlled trial involving selected primary schools in Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, and Negeri Sembilan. A total of 1,397 primary-school students aged 9-11 with a body mass index (BMI) &lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;z&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt; -score (corrected for age) greater than + 1 standard deviation based on the World Health Organization 2007 Growth Reference were assigned to intervention ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;647&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; ) and control ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;750&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; ) groups. BMI z-score, waist circumference (WC), percentage body fat (PBF), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) were assessed at baseline and after three and six months of the study. Analyses of all outcomes except for the baseline characteristics were conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;After three months, there was no significant difference in the BMI z-score or PBF between the control and intervention groups, but SMM and WC were significantly higher in the intervention group versus the control group with mean difference of 0.15 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07-0.22, p &lt; 0.001 and mean difference of 1.53 cm; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21- 1.85, p &lt; 0.001 for SMM and WC respectively. After six months, the intervention group demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in PBF compared to the controls (% mean difference: 0.43%, 95% CI: - 0.73 to - 0.12, p &lt; 0.001) as well as a greater increase in SMM (mean difference: 0.28 kg, 95% CI: 0.18-0.37, p &lt; 0.001). There was no difference in the BMI z-score or WC between the intervention and control groups at six months.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The multicomponent MyBFF@school intervention significantly improved body composition among obese primary schoolchildren in terms of percentage body fat and skeletal muscle mass compared to the control after six months. However, BMI z-score and waist circumference measures did not reflect the benefits of this program.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trial registration: &lt;/strong&gt;Clinical trial number: NCT04155255, November 7, 2019 (Retrospective registered). National Medical Research Register: NMRR-13-439-16,563. Registered July 23, 2013. The intervention program was approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC), Ministry of Health Malaysia and the Educational Planning and Research Division (EPRD), Ministry of Education Malaysia. It was funded by the Ministry of","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"24 Suppl 1","pages":"3627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of HIV testing adherence among men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Laelson Rochelle Milanês Sousa, Raphael Augusto Gir de Carvalho, Daniel de Macêdo Rocha, Marcela Antonini, Milton Jorge de Carvalho Filho, Maria Wiklander, Elucir Gir, Renata Karina Reis","doi":"10.1186/s12889-024-21018-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21018-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Men who have sex with men are a target group for HIV prevention and control. HIV testing is part of a broader combination prevention strategy. This study aimed to analyze the predictors for adherence to HIV infection testing among Brazilian men who have sex with men. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1438 participants, online selected for convenience in all regions of Brazil. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of HIV testing in the study population. Adherence to the HIV test was high (80.1%). Had condomless anal intercourse in the last 12 months (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 1,659; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]:1,12 - 2,43; p = 0,010), knew one place to seek HIV testing (AOR 6,158 [IC95%: 4,27 - 8,86]; p < 0,001), Received counselling on HIV testing by a health professional (AOR 3,389 [IC95%: 2,28 - 5,02]; p < 0,001), Have been diagnosed with STI (AOR 2,266 [IC95%: 1,41 - 3,62]; p < 0,001) and Knew someone living with HIV (AOR 1,86 [IC95%: 1,29 - 2,67]; p < 0,001) were independently associated with higher chances of HIV testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using group model building to frame the commercial determinants of dietary behaviour in adolescence - findings from online system mapping workshops with adolescents, policymakers and public health practitioners in the Southwest of England.","authors":"Yanaina Chavez-Ugalde, Frank De Vocht, Russell Jago, Martin White, Zoi Toumpakari","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-21320-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-21320-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In England, 23% of children aged 11 start their teenage years living with obesity. An adolescent living with obesity is five times more likely to live with obesity in adult life. There is limited research and policy incorporating adolescents' views on how they experience the commercial determinants of dietary behaviour and obesity, which misses an opportunity to improve services and policies that aim to influence the prevalence of childhood obesity. This study reports the findings from online Group Model Building system mapping workshops in which we explored the mechanisms by which commercial drivers influence adolescents' dietary behaviour.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We ran a series of 3 online Group Model Building workshops with adolescents and one Group Model Building workshop with policymakers and public health practitioners. Adolescents portrayed their views on how food and beverage industries influence what they choose to buy and eat in a system map, and then proposed a set of policy actions to promote healthier food environments. We shared the system map created by adolescents with policymakers and public health practitioners to reflect on how current policy interventions match adolescents' views on the most influential factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The system map contains 37 elements connected by 70 hypothesised causal links and five feedback loops. These elements were grouped into six themes that portray the complexity of factors that influence adolescents' food choices in their physical and digital environments, disproportionately encouraging the consumption of unhealthy products. Policymakers and public health practitioners reflected on the power and the deep level of influence food companies exert on adolescents' behaviour. They recognised that the coexisting influence of food marketing and social media on mental health and body image is not well reflected in current policy and research efforts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the need for public health policymaking processes to provide youth with a space to voice influential elements and consequences, thereby co-creating policies and designing interventions to buffer risk factors and increase well-being in this critical transitional stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142977404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The accuracy of anthropometric indices in detecting hypertension in Sudanese adults: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Imad R Musa, Osman E Osman, Ahmed M Khair, Ishag Adam","doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-21276-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12889-025-21276-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is an increasing health problem; hence, efforts have been made to promote the disease's early detection and modify prognoses. We aim to evaluate the accuracy of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-height ratio (WHtR) in detecting hypertension among adults in Northern Sudan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults were recruited for a multi-stage sampling survey in Northern Sudan. Sociodemographic and anthropometric index (BMI, WC, and WHtR) information were collected. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with its area under the curve (AUC) was obtained, and a multivariate binary analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 301 included adults, 113 (37.5%) were females and 188 (62.5%) were males. The median (interquartile range, IQR) age was 45.0 (32.0‒59.0) years. The median (IQR) of BMI, WC, and WHtR was 25.6 (21.9‒29.7) kg/m², 83.0 (73.0‒94.8) cm, and 0.51 (0.43‒0.58), respectively; these values were significantly higher in adults with hypertension compared with adults without hypertension. A total of 166 (55.1%) adults had hypertension. BMI (AUC = 0.69 at the cutoff 22.5 kg/m², sensitivity = 0.89, specificity = 0.53, YI = 0.35) and WHtR for both males and females (AUC = 0.68 at the cutoff 0.48, sensitivity = 0.75, specificity = 0.60, YI = 0.35) were more accurate than WC (AUC = 0.66 at the cutoff 77.5 cm, sensitivity = 0. 77, specificity = 0.56, YI = 0.33). The multivariate binary analysis revealed that being female (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.23, 95.0% CI = 1.25‒3.97), having increased age (AOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02‒1.05), and having a higher BMI (AOR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04‒1.16) were associated with hypertension.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BMI, WC, and WHtR showed moderate predictive power, suggesting that these indices have a limited role in diagnosing hypertension at the individual level and are more appropriate for population screening than for individual diagnosis. BMI performs better than WC in terms of hypertension detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":9039,"journal":{"name":"BMC Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142977486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}