BMC Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Assessing interpersonal violence involvement in psychiatric patients: exploratory findings on the Interpersonal Violence Questionnaire (IVIQ).","authors":"Paula Kittelmann, Claudia Helmert, Nicolai Hojka, Jana Karp, Melanie Pouwels, Anita Scheuermann, Jakob Steglich, Silvia Krumm, Georg Schomerus","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08597-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08597-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the high rates of both violence victimization and perpetration in people experiencing mental illness, standardized screening tools in research and for routine psychiatric assessment are lacking, underscoring the need for feasible, standardized assessment approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of adult psychiatric in- and out-patients at six German hospitals was surveyed, using the Interpersonal Violence Questionnaire (IVIQ), a 26-item self-report checklist assessing experiences of physical violence, sexual violence, and threats, both as victimization and perpetration, across the past 12 months and lifetime. Exploratory analyses included prevalence estimates, scoring characteristics, floor effects, inter-item associations, temporal stability, and associations with social desirability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 479 patients, lifetime sexual victimization and 12-month violence threat, as well as being pushed, were most frequent. IVIQ sum scores showed strong floor effects. Reports of victimization and perpetration frequently co-occurred; descriptive inter-item correlations were low to moderate. Temporal consistency varied across items, with lower stability for low-prevalence behaviors. Higher social desirability predicted lower 12-month perpetration reporting.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The IVIQ may provide a feasible, structured self-report approach for routine assessment of interpersonal violence involvement in psychiatric populations. Different scoring approaches may support descriptive assessment of cumulative burden and distinct forms of interpersonal violence involvement. Future versions should broaden the assessment of psychological violence. Associations between social desirability and reporting underline the importance of sensitive implementation, trauma-informed assessment practices, and cautious interpretation of self-reported violence experiences.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study is registered in the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS) and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) under registration number DRKS00032041 (Date of registration: 20th of July 2023).</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13563774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptom epidemiology, demographic correlates, and differentiation between cognitive disengagement syndrome symptoms and ADHD symptoms in a large nonprobability sample of Iranian adolescents and adults.","authors":"Karim Abdolmohamadi, Serge Brand, Asgar Alimohamadi, Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08346-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08346-w","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) is an emerging cognitive-attentional construct characterized by excessive daydreaming, mental slowness, drowsiness, and reduced engagement with external demands. Although CDS symptoms are substantially associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, accumulating psychometric and external-validity evidence supports their conceptualization as related yet distinguishable symptom dimensions. However, large-scale evidence regarding the distribution and demographic correlates of elevated CDS symptoms, as well as their differentiation from ADHD symptoms, remains limited, particularly in non-Western contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this large-scale cross-sectional study, 8,075 Iranian participants aged 15-55 years, recruited through convenience and snowball sampling, completed the Persian Adult Concentration Inventory as a self-report measure of CDS symptoms. A subsample of 2,012 participants also completed the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. The study examined the distribution and demographic correlates of elevated CDS symptoms and the extent to which CDS and ADHD symptom dimensions showed overlap and differentiation. Sample-based percentile thresholds were used to identify elevated symptom levels. Analyses included descriptive statistics, logistic regression, correlation and overlap analyses, discriminant function analysis, and leave-one-out cross-validation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Using the sample-based 95th-percentile threshold, 5.8% of participants exceeded the threshold for elevated CDS symptoms, while 11.3% exceeded the 90th-percentile threshold. Females and younger participants were more likely to exceed the elevated-symptom threshold. CDS and ADHD symptom scores were strongly correlated (r = .69), indicating substantial overlap, although differences were observed across their symptom dimensions. An exploratory discriminant function analysis yielded an original classification accuracy of 95.3% and a leave-one-out cross-validated accuracy of 93.9%; however, these findings reflect within-sample differentiation based on the current self-report measurement framework rather than diagnostic separation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In this large nonprobability Iranian sample, elevated CDS symptoms showed age- and sex-related differences. CDS and ADHD symptom dimensions demonstrated substantial overlap while also showing meaningful differences in their symptom profiles within the present self-report measurement framework. Because the thresholds were sample-based and no clinical diagnostic interviews or assessments of functional impairment were conducted, the reported percentages should not be interpreted as estimates of clinical or population prevalence, and the classification findings should not be considered evidence of diagnostic separation. These findings extend cross-cultural knowledge of CDS symptomatology and highlight the need","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13545802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148890950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIRI, SII, and PNI in psychiatric patients with positive urinary drug metabolites: association with immune and nutritional biomarkers.","authors":"Ayla Yildiz, Binnur Karabiyik, Levent Deniz","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08587-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08587-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systemic inflammatory and nutritional indices derived from hematological parameters have emerged as accessible markers of immune imbalance. Although these indices have been investigated across various medical disciplines, their roles in psychiatric patients with positive urinary drug metabolites have not yet been reported. This study aimed to compare hematological inflammation and nutritional indices between psychiatric patients with positive urinary drug metabolites and healthy controls, to evaluate the Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), explore their variations across substance types and usage patterns, and determine their association with immune-nutritional dysregulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 760 psychiatric inpatients with positive urinary drug metabolites, 171 psychiatric patients without positive metabolites, and 151 healthy controls treated at X City Hospital between 2022 and 2024. SIRI, SII, and PNI were calculated from hematological and/or biochemical parameters. Patients with infectious, autoimmune, or malignant diseases or incomplete data were excluded. Group comparisons, age- and sex-adjusted regression analyses, multiple-comparison corrections, and ROC analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients had higher SIRI [1.24 (0.79-1.97) vs. 0.98 (0.74-1.27)] and lower PNI (56.0 ± 6.12 vs. 58.8 ± 3.87) than controls (both p < 0.001), whereas SII did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.108). SIRI was positively associated with disease presence (OR = 1.847, 95% CI: 1.423-2.398; p < 0.001), whereas PNI was inversely associated with disease presence (OR = 0.917, 95% CI: 0.889-0.947; p < 0.001). ROC analysis in the drug-positive schizophrenia subgroup yielded AUCs of 0.727 for SIRI and 0.804 for PNI. After adjustment for age and sex and correction for multiple comparisons, no significant drug-status-related differences in SIRI or SII remained within diagnostic subgroups, whereas lower PNI persisted in drug-positive patients with nonorganic psychosis. Substance-specific associations varied according to psychiatric diagnosis and substance type.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Differences in SIRI and PNI were observed between psychiatric patients and healthy controls. However, these differences were not consistent across diagnostic and substance-use subgroups, and some associations were attenuated after adjustment for age and sex. These findings indicate variability in inflammatory and immunonutritional indices across psychiatric and substance-use subgroups and warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148885990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance use and co-occurring mental health conditions among adolescents and young adults in North America: a systematic review.","authors":"Gemy Kuriakose, Jenny Seo, Negar Asgharipourzahmati, Ashley Lew, Rishika Daswani, Martha J Ignaszewski, Roberto Sassi, Fiona Choi, Vijay Seethapathy, Reinhard Michael Krausz","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08580-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08580-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Substance use and co-occurring mental health conditions are common among adolescents and young adults and represent an important clinical and public health concern in North America. Trauma exposure, psychiatric symptoms, and social adversity frequently co-occur with substance-related problems in this population. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on prevalence patterns, associated clinical and psychosocial factors, and care-related implications described in the literature on adolescents and young adults with substance use and co-occurring mental health conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD42024581685). A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies examined adolescents and young adults (≤ 25 years) in North America. A combination of subject headings, keywords, and synonyms for the concepts \"adolescents,\" \"young adults,\" \"substance use disorders,\" and \"co-occurring mental health conditions\" was used. Of 1,882 records identified, 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. Given the heterogeneity of the literature, findings were synthesized narratively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The included studies showed heterogeneity in population, setting, denominator, and ascertainment method. Across the literature, depressive, anxiety-related, trauma-related, and externalizing mental health presentations were frequently reported alongside substance-related problems in adolescents and young adults. Trauma exposure, adverse childhood experiences, and broader social adversity were also commonly reported in association with substance-related problems across studies. Care-related implications were more limited and were largely derived as future directions mentioned across studies rather than direct evaluations of youth-specific service models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Co-occurring mental health and substance-related problems were frequently reported among adolescents and young adults in high-risk and service-engaged populations in North America. Trauma and social adversity were prominent across the reviewed literature, while direct evidence for evaluated, integrated, youth-specific care models remains limited. These findings support the relevance of developmentally appropriate, integrated, and trauma-informed approaches to care and highlight the need for further research directly evaluating improved service delivery models for this population.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148890979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of clinical efficacy and gut microbiota characteristics in children with ASD treated with fecal microbiota transplantation and ketogenic diet.","authors":"Yu Wang, Lihong Wang, Zhifeng Cai, Lianhu Yu, Yanshuo Guo, Linlin Zhang, Mengna Zhu, Zhiyue Liu, YongHeng Zhao, Lili Liu, Aihua Cao","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08547-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08547-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social communication and interaction, along with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. It is often accompanied by gastrointestinal dysfunction and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) and the Ketogenic Diet (KD) are interventions targeting the gut microbiota for ASD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>30 participants were diagnosed with ASD according to DSM-5 and ADOS-2. ASD core symptoms were evaluated with CARS and ABC. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in core symptoms. In the FMT group, the mean CARS score significantly decreased from 34.87 to 33.53 (p < 0.01); in the KD group, it declined from 35.13 to 33 (p < 0.01). The mean ABC score reduced from 79.93 to 69.33 (p = 0.064) in the FMT group and from 63.07 to 42.73 (p < 0.01) in the KD group. Following the intervention, no statistically significant changes were observed in α-diversity or β-diversity within either group. LEfSe analysis revealed distinct post-intervention microbial signatures: FMT significantly enriched butyrate-producing taxa (Wujia chipingensis, Eubacterium sp. MSJ-33, and Butyrivibrio crossotus), while KD elevated Blautia massiliensis and decreased propionate metabolism -associated taxa (Veillonella sp. S12025-13 and Veillonella nakazawae). KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that KD enriched propionate metabolism (Fold enrichment = 3.747, q = 0.010) and aromatic compound degradation (Fold enrichment = 3.591, q = 0.010).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both interventions significantly improved clinical symptoms among children with ASD, potentially through distinct patterns of gut microbiota modulation.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials number: </strong>NCT06348433 (03/21/2024).</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13536674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absolutist word usage in spoken language as a marker of depression: an ecological momentary assessment study.","authors":"Jonathan F Bauer, Maurice Gerczuk, Lena Schindler-Gmelch, Björn Schuller, Matthias Berking","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08575-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08575-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive distortions are central to the maintenance of depression, as they bias information processing and negatively impact adaptive emotion regulation. As one manifestation of cognitive distortions, usage of absolutist words (e.g., always, never, must, completely) in written texts has been found to be indicative of underlying depression. Since absolutist word usage may allow important insights into maladaptive thinking patterns, it could be a relevant target for both monitoring and treating depressive symptoms. Therefore, we tested the relationships between absolutist word usage in spoken language with depression diagnosis, depressive symptom severity and current depressed mood.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We recruited 144 age- and gender-matched participants with clinical depression (n = 48), subclinical depression (n = 48), and no history of depression (n = 48). By conducting smartphone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMA) three times daily for two weeks, participants provided ratings of depressed mood and speech samples, which included mood descriptions and mood-regulating statements. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) was administered at the end of the 2-week period to assess depressive symptom severity retrospectively. Group differences were calculated with ANOVAs, associations between depressed mood and absolutist word usage were evaluated with multilevel models, and the relationship between depressive symptom severity and absolutist word usage was calculated with regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed more frequent absolutist word usage over the EMA phase in individuals with clinical depression compared to individuals with no history of depression. Furthermore, absolutist word usage was negatively associated with momentary depressed mood among individuals with elevated depressive symptoms. Additional analyses testing the temporal relationship showed that greater absolutist word usage was associated with higher levels of depressed mood after 12-24 h. Accordingly, absolutist word usage was positively associated with depressive symptom severity assessed after the 2-week period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results have several implications: First, absolutist word usage in spoken language appears to be an indicator of depression, which may be relevant for the optimization of depression assessment and monitoring approaches. Second, the finding that absolutist word usage was associated with lower depressed mood in the short-term, but higher depressed mood in the long-term provides important insights into the mechanisms of depression, and may help identify relevant treatment targets for clinicians.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>German Clinical Trial Registration DRKS00023670 on 19/01/2021 ( https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00023670 ).</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory neurotransmission in frontostriatal circuitry: implications for psychomotor and vegetative symptoms in depressive episodes.","authors":"Linda Steinholtz, Jonas Persson, Elin Thörnblom, Anders Wall, Mark Lubberink, David Fällmar, Robert Bodén","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08573-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08573-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) dysfunction has been implicated in depression, although research findings remain inconsistent. This may indicate that distinct biological mechanisms underlie different symptom profiles in depressive episodes. Altered GABA function might be especially relevant in cases characterised by psychomotor retardation and vegetative symptoms, which are prominent in melancholia. This study aimed to investigate if such melancholic features are related to GABA levels or GABA_A-receptor availability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a secondary analysis of data obtained from a randomised controlled trial. Forty-two patients with either bipolar or unipolar depression were assessed before and after a course of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. GABA and glutamate levels in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) were measured using a [¹H] magnetic resonance spectroscopy MEGA-PRESS sequence. A subset of 28 patients underwent [¹¹C]flumazenil positron emission tomography (PET) to evaluate GABA_A-receptor availability in the dACC, basal ganglia, and hypothalamus. Psychomotor retardation was assessed with the expression subscale of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms. Sleep disturbances were evaluated using components of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, while appetite loss was measured using an item from the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale - self-rated. The scores were standardised and combined to create composite measures for vegetative and somatic symptoms. Additionally, baseline psychomotor activity was measured using accelerometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings did not establish that psychomotor or vegetative symptoms were associated with GABA levels or GABA_A-receptor availability in the frontostriatal pathways or hypothalamus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To better understand the relationship between GABA dysfunction and melancholic features, future studies should ideally focus on patients exhibiting more pronounced psychomotor and vegetative symptoms and examine additional cortical regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of subjective and physiological craving during VR-cue exposure in alcohol use disorder: an explorative single-arm clinical study.","authors":"Alva Lütt, Nadja Ruckser, Alessandro Turno, Nikolaos Tsamitros, Jil Zoé Fuhrmann, Daniel Schulze, Philipp Stepnicka, Daa Un Moon, Felix Bermpohl, Malek Bajbouj, Robert Schöneck, Miriam Sebold, Stefan Gutwinski, Anne Beck","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08544-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08544-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Craving is a diagnostic criterion and predictive factor in alcohol use disorder (AUD). In Virtual Reality Cue Exposure (VR-CE), it is intentionally induced as a basis for Virtual Reality Cue Exposure Therapy. As the underlying subjective and physiological factors and predictors of craving are still incompletely understood, we aim to identify factors associated with craving responses during VR-CE in patients with AUD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Craving responses of 61 patients with AUD during VR-CE were measured using subjective ratings (visual analogue scale, VAS) and physiological parameters, including electrodermal activity (EDA, non-specific skin conductance responses (NS.SCR) and skin conductance level (SCL)), heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), brightness corrected pupil diameter (BCPD) and respiration rate (RR). To determine factors associated with craving responses, VR-related characteristics, patients' AUD characteristics and patients' pre-VR craving characteristics were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The VR-related characteristic drink choice (p = .038), several AUD-characteristics (AUDIT score: p = .019; ADS score: p < .001; amount of alcohol consumed in the past five years: p = .031) and pre-VR craving characteristics (AUQ score: p < .001; OCDS score: p < .001) significantly influenced subjective craving during VR-CE. The VR-related characteristic type of risk scenario (p = .005) influenced the HRV parameter Very Low Frequency Band (VLFB). Several AUD-characteristics (AUDIT score: p = .007; ADS score, p = .003; days since last alcohol consumption: p = .018) and the pre-VR OCDS score (p = .015) were associated with changes in RR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clinical characteristics, particularly AUD severity and pre-VR craving were more consistently associated with craving responses than VR-specific factors. The limited overlap between subjective and physiological measures highlights the complexity of the concept craving and underlines the importance of using multidimensional assessments. This study contributes to a better understanding of predictors on craving and may inform the further development of optimized VR-based interventions for AUD.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study followed a pre-published study protocol and was preregistered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05861843, Registration Date: 2023-04-24).</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"It has to be part of the clinic's lived culture\"- perspectives of next of kin on meaningful participation in psychiatric care: a participatory thematic analysis.","authors":"Nora Dietrich, Johanna Leona Kummetat, Silvia Bahl, Sebastian Bayer, Kolja Heumann, Susanne Kappesser, Thomas Klatt, Sarah Schernau, Sven Speerforck, Sebastian von Peter, Laura Galbusera","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08561-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08561-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The participation of next of kin in psychiatric care is widely recommended in clinical guidelines and research, as it has been associated with improved recovery outcomes and benefits for the wellbeing of next of kin themselves. However, many next of kin report limited opportunities for meaningful participation. Existing research has largely focused on barriers especially from the perspective of clinical professionals, while the perspectives of next of kin regarding what constitutes successful participation remain underexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This participatory qualitative study was conducted as part of the \"PazAng\" research project in Germany. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 next of kin of persons in psychiatric treatment, followed by two focus groups with an additional 15 participants to deepen the findings (total N = 30). Data were analyzed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Data collection, coding and theme development were conducted collaboratively by a multidisciplinary research team including researchers with and without lived experience as next of kin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three main themes were analyzed. First, participants emphasized the importance of a \"network-conscious clinical culture\", in which next of kin are recognized as legitimate partners within the social network surrounding the person in treatment and proactively engaged by clinical staff. Second, participants described \"different foci of participation\", including interventions supporting the person in treatment, relationship-focused formats, and support specifically addressing the wellbeing of next of kin. Third, participants highlighted \"changing needs over time\", describing distinct phases such as an initial shock phase requiring orientation and support, a prolonged endurance phase, and critical transition periods such as discharge from inpatient care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>From the perspective of next of kin, meaningful participation in psychiatric care requires a supportive clinical culture that recognizes relational networks and changing needs over time. The findings suggest that participation is experienced as more meaningful when next of kin are acknowledged as partners, offered different forms of support, and considered across different phases of care. These findings highlight the importance of culturally and structurally integrating next-of-kin participation in routine psychiatric care.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal changes in PCOS-related reproductive and metabolic markers in female patients with bipolar disorder: a six-month observational study.","authors":"Jieyu Liu, Jing Huang, Ziwei Teng, Yusi Fu, Yan Tan, Yue Qin, Haiyu Chen, Minghui Liu, Jindong Chen, Haishan Wu, Ying Wu, Guotao Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12888-026-08540-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12888-026-08540-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Female patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have a relatively high burden of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-related reproductive abnormalities. This six-month longitudinal observational study aimed to examine changes in PCOS incidence and PCOS-related reproductive and metabolic markers in drug-naive female patients with BD managed without medication, with valproate (VPA), or with non-VPA mood stabilizers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 72 drug-naive female outpatients with BD were recruited, and 50 patients ultimately completed the six-month follow-up. At the baseline and six-month time points, the menstrual status of each subject was recorded, the levels of sex hormones and routine metabolic indicators were measured, and ovarian ultrasound examinations were performed. The diagnosis of PCOS was carried out according to the Rotterdam criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After six months, no statistically significant increase in PCOS incidence was observed in any treatment group. In the No-Drug group, PCOS incidence and related reproductive indicators did not significantly worsen. In the VPA group, PCOS incidence showed a nonsignificant numerical increase, while oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and free androgen index (FAI) increased significantly after follow-up. These findings suggest longitudinal changes in PCOS-related reproductive markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this exploratory six-month longitudinal observational study, early-stage female BD patients with relatively mild symptoms did not show a statistically significant increase in PCOS incidence when untreated. VPA treatment was associated with significant increases in oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea, AMH, and FAI, suggesting changes in PCOS-related reproductive markers. These findings support careful reproductive and metabolic monitoring when VPA is prescribed to women with BD, while larger and longer-term studies are needed to clarify the long-term clinical trajectory of these reproductive marker changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9029,"journal":{"name":"BMC Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}