Journal of forensics research最新文献

{"title":"Arthropod uses in Detecting Narcotic Abuse","authors":"R. Marriott","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000408","url":null,"abstract":"The use of insects regarding the analysis of drugs and poisons within a corpse is a topic of which is still undergoing much debate as, although it is regarded as being a useful tool in the area of forensics, it is questionable how far it can be applied in a forensic investigation [1]. This paper critically examines the arguments for against the use of maggots to test concentration of substances found in the corpse and focuses around research involving the controversy between Campobasso, et al, [2] and Tracqui, et al, [3].","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7145.1000408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70355393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Affecting Factors of Touch DNA","authors":"Salem K. Alketbi","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000424","url":null,"abstract":"Touch DNA, trace DNA or Low copy number has become an area of interest in recent years because of its importance when other type of biological evidences might not be available. However, minimal efforts have been devoted to develop the collection methods of touch DNA, and the success of DNA typing depends on the availability of existing DNA templates. In most cases DNA leaves sufficient quantity and quality of genomic DNA to produce a DNA profile. However, some variables affect the success of obtaining a good quality DNA profile. Such variables include shedder status, surface type, pressure of contact; other variables include the methods of DNA collection and the methods of DNA extraction.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"110 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7145.1000424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70355489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of Weathered Kerosene and Diesel Fuel using Passive Headspace Concentration with Activated Charcoal Strip and Statistical Analysis Technique","authors":"Latoya Wright, L. Reid","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000403","url":null,"abstract":"Ignitable liquids are present in trace amounts in samples collected from arson scenes therefore their chemical composition often differs from their original composition. This is due to partial evaporation, burning and contamination by pyrolysis products at the scenes. \u0000The research was done using two techniques, passive headspace concentration with activated charcoal strip and statistical Analysis, to classify weathered kerosene and diesel fuel. The passive headspace used GC-FID chromatogram pattern to visually identify both weathered ignitable liquids while statistical analysis used cluster formation to group them based on unique characteristics of their hydrocarbons and materials used in the samples. \u0000Four case studies were done which consisted of forty-two experiments carried out on twenty-six weathered and unweathered samples that were analyzed under various conditions which included various time of burning, weathering and oven temperature. The Petroleum based ignitable liquids, kerosene and diesel, were used on different types of materials for analysis under various atmospheric conditions. \u0000The result showed visual distinction between weathered kerosene and diesel fuel at the initial stage of weathering but it was more difficult to distinguish as samples became weathered over time. Hence, this is one of the reasons why the chromatogram alone cannot be used to visually distinguish between these weathered samples. Therefore, the combination of the chromatographic pattern and statistical method were applied in this research. \u0000It was possible to distinguish between the weathered kerosene and diesel fuel using statistical analysis based on n-alkane data derived from Gas Chromatography- Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) method.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7145.1000403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45926242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral Cybercriminals Differentiations between the Real World and the Virtual Space","authors":"N. Touzeau","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000401","url":null,"abstract":"In order to thwart cyber-attacks, an antimalware program is set up or developed. That is to say, we learn cyber defense by considering that only viral intrusions are responsible for cyber-attacks. The human behind every cyberattack is unfortunately obscured although human beings are the ones be find every cybercriminal act, they are the initiators whether in real or virtual space. In order to better understand this fact, the transversal universe and its occupants must be considered better than done nowadays. Investigating in virtual and real spaces is coming up against the very reasons that have created virtual space and that made cybercrime still growing strongly. In the virtual space, the occupants work differently to develop new behaviors; new ways of living and moving, even new ways of thinking that can sometimes be reproduced in the real space. In addition, the modus operandi circulates via the darkweb so that the lists can be reproduced and developed in the real space. The \"original\" signature changes according to the profiles that reshuffle offenses, which further complicates the investigations. Thus, integrating and understanding the cyber universe requires, above all, discovering new profiles in the cyber universe and making a behavioral differentiation between the virtual space and the real one according to specificities of the cyberspace itself. This is I am developing through the present research by exposing three concepts of mine: This is of “avatarisation”, “transverse zone” and “virtual intelligence.”","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7145.1000401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49234164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homicidal Women, Personality, Crime Dynamics and Modus Operandi","authors":"Paola Giannetakis","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000399","url":null,"abstract":"Violent offending is the result of the combination of personality, cognitive and emotional elements that shape interpersonal styles. Violent aggression is a form of interpersonal interaction in which personality clues amalgamate internal elements and blend them into behavior. Current study explores personality models of 30 incarcerated female murderers. Participants were assessed with MCM-III. Aim of the research is to determine what kind of relation exists between personality and murder in women who kill. Severe Personality Disorders were diagnosed in 24 cases.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7145.1000399","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45586564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive rapid methods of screening of potential mass murderers and potential car-accident killers from recent facial photographs of applications for driver′s license, college admission, passports, & jobs","authors":"Y. Omura","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145-C1-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145-C1-022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"08 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70362273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Determination in Egyptian Population from Scapula by Computed Tomography","authors":"D. Morsi, Ghada Gaballah, W. Mahmoud, A. Tawfik","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000376","url":null,"abstract":"Sex determination is important for individual identification. The present work aims to concentrate on the accuracy of scapula for sex determination in Egyptians by using 3D multi - slice computed tomography (CT) and to generate specific population discriminant formula for Egyptians with validation of its accuracy. A descriptive comparative study is done on 100 subjects recruited from those attending the Radiology Department and subjected to CT after taken informed consent. Seven dimensions are taken for each subject from each scapula. The results reveal males have larger scapula than females with no statistical significant difference between both sides in either sex. The accuracy of both bones for sex determination reaches 88% with the scapular breadth has the highest accuracy 82%. It could be concluded that scapula is useful in sex determination and the right scapula could be used alone or in combination with the left one. The discriminant equation developed from right maximum scapular height and left length of spine could apply on Egyptian population. Also CT is a good and reliable tool for scapular measurements.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7145.1000376","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42792522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epithelial Cells Transfer: An Experimental Study","authors":"A. Piters, A. Esponda, G. Monique, A. Doutremepuich, S. Fromentin, C. Doutremépuich","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000397","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of the present study was to analyze the conditions of epithelial cells transfer after an initial deposition on a first object to a second object (secondary transfer). This study should provide an experimental model which should contribute to better understand and analyze all the transfer mechanisms. Methods: Using glass slides and cotton gauzes as supports for the transfer of epithelial cells from an object to another one, we analyzed the occurrence and efficiency of cells transfer in different conditions of hygrometry and contact. Results: Our investigation reveals that after one hour deposition on a glass slide, the epithelial cells are no longer able to transfer to a second support. Moreover, our results also demonstrate that in opposition with the environmental factors such as hygrometry which are determinant for the transfer mechanisms, the strength of the contact between the glass slide and cotton gauze does not influence the cells transfer efficiency. Conclusion: In conclusion, the secondary transfer of epithelial cells is only possible if the cells are not strongly attached to their support.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7145.1000397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48740050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Motherless Paternity Cases on the Interpretation of Parent age Investigations in a Population with Recurrent Inbreeding Practices","authors":"Ansar El Andari, I. Mansour","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000395","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, parentage testing relies mainly on the study of Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) DNA profiles. Parentage cases could be DUO (motherless/fatherless cases) or TRIO (where both parents' and child's DNA profiles are available). The absence of the DNA profile of one of the parents in DUO parentage testing increases the testing uncertainties. The Lebanese population is known to have a high rate of endogamous and consanguineous marriages, which challenges the power of discrimination of the DNA profiles among different individuals. \u0000The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of motherless paternity cases on the interpretation of parentage investigations in the Lebanese population with recurrent inbreeding practices. 64 real DUO parentage exclusions and 15 real TRIO parentage exclusion cases were re-evaluated by assessing the possibility of false inclusions when decreasing DNA profile sizes or when simulating DUO cases from TRIO ones. \u0000One case showed false positivity with 6 mismatches in its TRIO state, but only one mismatch in its DUO scenario. The probability of parentage (POP) obtained for this case after omitting the mismatch (a frequent inappropriate malpractice in some local laboratories) was 99.9%. This simulated DUO case was cleared as an exclusion when tested using DNA profile sizes of 24 STR markers. None of the other cases showed false positive results.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45110495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumomediastinum and Cervical Soft Tissue Emphysema as an Important Vital Sign in Hanging: An Autopsy Based Prospective Study","authors":"Pawan Mittal, G. Sharma","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000371","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the frequency and reliability of cervical soft tissue emphysema and pneumomediastinum \u0000 in autopsy cases of hanging. \u0000Material and Method: We prospectively studied 30 autopsy cases of hanging including 18 males and 12 females \u0000 with age ranging from 19 to 65 years. The control group consisted of age and sex matched 30 cases that died due \u0000 to various natural pathologies. Along with this, a small group of five cases consisting of homicidal asphyxial deaths \u0000 from ligature and manual strangulation was also studied for this purpose. Various other known vital phenomenon in \u0000 hanging were also recorded in the form of hemorrhages in the subcutaneous tissues, laryngeal hyoid skeleton \u0000 fractures, conjunctival and facial petechial hemorrhages, hemorrhages over clavicular origin of sternocleidomastoid \u0000 muscle, carotid intimal tears (Amussat’s sign), Simon’s bleeding and hemorrhages in the respiratory auxiliary \u0000 muscles of respiration. The dissection and preparation of the neck was done in layers. None of the cases underwent \u0000 cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Signs of putrefaction were absent. \u0000Results: The soft tissue emphysema was seen in 22 cases (73.3%) of hanging as fine soapy air bubbles in the \u0000 mediastinum that could be traced further in the superficial and deep tissues of the neck up to the level of ligature \u0000 mark beyond which it was missing. Among two other groups, 3 controls depicted this finding while no traces of \u0000 emphysema were seen in any of the strangulation cases. \u0000Conclusion: Cervical soft tissue emphysema along with pneumomediastinum is a frequent and important vital \u0000 finding in cases of death due to hanging. Whenever possible, the vitality of the sign should be considered in \u0000 conjunction with other known vital signs of hanging. However a proper care should be taken during dissection of \u0000 cervical and thoracic structures to avoid artefactual introduction of air in the soft tissues. The interpretation must be \u0000 based on sound medical grounds and observations.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47704023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}