Journal of forensics research最新文献

{"title":"A Pilot Study in Latent Print Conflict Management","authors":"Alicia Rairden, A. Mozayani","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000426","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its subjective nature, the latent print comparison methodology possesses inherent potential for disagreement between experts examining the same friction ridge impressions. To regulate these differences, management of latent print sections typically involves conflict resolution policies that outline appropriate action for handling differences of opinion regarding friction ridge impressions. As the forensic science culture shifts toward standardization, what approach is the appropriate way to resolve these situations? This study analyzes responses from surveyed latent print examiners in an attempt to develop a recommendation through the analysis of current methods for mitigating conflict. Results show inconsistent handling of conflict resolution across respondent agencies.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"09 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70355762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Footprint Dimensions Between Sports and Non-Sports Category in Mangaluru Students Population","authors":"P. V. Menon, BhavyaShree Rai, R. Sanjay","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000427","url":null,"abstract":"Footprints are the images or the impressions left behind by a person walking or running. Hoof prints and paw prints are those left by animals with hooves or paws rather than feet, while shoeprints are the specific term for prints made by shoes. They may be indentations in the ground or something placed on to the surface that was stuck to the bottom of the foot. A track way is a set of footprints in soft earth left by human or animals. Footprints can be followed while tracking during a hunt or can provide evidence of other activities. Some footprints remain unexplained, for other several factors [1].","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"09 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70355884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Mortem Infarction Diagnosis Using Molecular Techniques","authors":"Spyridon K, E. C, Aikaterini N, Aliki F, Doxakis A, Nikolaos R, Pavlos P","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000428","url":null,"abstract":"The cardiovascular system plays a major role in life. From the past up to now, one of the main causes of death is cardiac infarction. Heart is the most important organ of this system and its function is to transfer blood and its contents to the whole body. There is a direct line through pulmonary artery to the lungs, so blood can be fleshed out with oxygen. Infarction is a severe damage in a localized site of the heart, which leads to that part’s necrosis. There are symptoms reported, such as discomfort, ache and others that are analysed below. Post-mortem examination of the cardiac muscle is a basic way to find out information about infarction. There are alterations, depended on the time between the infarction and the observation of the heart. Nowadays, science and technology progress allows us to use molecular biology techniques as a tool to be accurate and detailed about diagnosis. There are dilutions and machinery which can save time and provide results beyond a doubt. Immunohistochemistry and Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction are such techniques, which can detect and quantify the class of infarction. These techniques are analysed below, including with some subcategories of the ways we can use them.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"09 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70355522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postmortem Injuries on Illegal Migrants' Cadavers at the Eastern Land Borders of the European Union-Greece","authors":"P. Pavlidis, E. Chatzifotiou, M. Karakasi, S. Koutsoukis, M. Nerantzaki, N. Raikos, D. Anestakis","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000429","url":null,"abstract":"Among the basic questions and issues that a coroner usually faces during performing post-mortem examination and autopsy, and whose answer is crucial and imperative, is the distinction between anteand post-mortem injuries. The nature and form of these lesions vary widely. Post-mortem injuries may occur depending on the prevalent surrounding conditions at the death site due to passive movement (dragging) of the cadaver on a sharp surface (such as branches due to the river current or road pavement by a vehicle) or biting with tissue detachment by carnivores, rodents, fish or arthropods during exposure to the environment [1-4]. Hemorrhagic infiltration and swelling of the wound edges, macroscopically, as well as the accumulation of leukocytes and erythrocytes, microscopically, are the indications that characterize and distinguish antefrom post-mortem injuries. Tissue detachment in exposed or covered body parts with rough edges is typical of injuries caused by carnivores. Smaller sized lesions in exposed parts of the body with soft tissue detachment (mainly on the face) are indicative of postmortem lesions caused by rodents. Superficial injuries of varied forms, dispersedly distributed also in exposed body parts are post-mortem lesions typical of arthropods.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"09 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70356047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of DNA Profile Size, Reference Population Database, and Parents Availability on Parentage Testing in Consanguineous and Endogamous Populations: The Lebanese Case","authors":"Ansar El Andari, Ayman Daouk, I. Mansour","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000425","url":null,"abstract":"Short tandem repeats (STR) analysis is currently the gold-standard method for DNA profiling in parentage testing where the probabilistic analysis is affected by the DNA profile size, the STR frequency dataset, and the availability of all the individuals involved in the case. Lebanon is a relative small country with high rates of endogamous and consanguineous marriages; factors that could challenge the power of discrimination of the DNA profiles and introduce uncertainty to parentage testing interpretations. Since there is no legislation concerning kinship testing in Lebanon, relationship testing laboratories follow standards of their own choice, the majority of parentage testing is performed using 15 STR systems only, and some laboratories still use Caucasian STR allele frequencies as reference population datasets. In addition, there is a remarkable increase in Duo parentage testing requests. The present study aimed at assessing the effect of the number of tested STR loci 15 versus 23, and the effect of using Lebanese versus Caucasian STR allele frequencies as reference population dataset in 422 Trio and 271 Duo parentage cases. Results showed that performing paternity testing using DNA profiles of 15 STR systems in the Lebanese population increased the risk of misinterpretations, whereas increasing the DNA profile size to 23 STR markers using the population representative STR allele frequency helped remarkably in lowering uncertainties, and probable misinterpretations, especially in Duo parentage cases.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"09 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7145.1000425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70355713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy Determining Anthropometric Norms in Young Adults using Discriminant Functional Analysis","authors":"Phulari Rgs, D. Vasavada, R. Rathod, P. Arora, Y. Rathod, M. Ojha, H. Desai","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000421","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific standards have been set up for some ethnic and racial gatherings in numerous examinations. Standard standards for every ethnic gathering are basic for measurable drug. There are contrasts among races and ethnic gatherings and standard standards have been produced for specific race and gathering. Data on cephalometric standards for a populace has colossal incentive in legal dentistry. Cephalometric guidelines permit recognizable proof of race and sexual orientation of casualties utilizing straightforward estimations. The utilization of morphological highlights of the skull and mandible is a typical approach utilized by anthropologists in sex assurance.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7145.1000421","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70355799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detectability of Rare Earth Elements in Explosive Post Blast Residues by Neutron Activation Analysis for use as Identification Taggants","authors":"J. Seman, Giraldo C.H.C, C. Johnson","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000423","url":null,"abstract":"Current identification techniques can only identify the type of explosive used from traces in the post-blast residue. An identification taggant is a material added to an explosive that can provide identifying information about the explosive such as manufacturer, type, or date the explosive was produced. A novel identification taggant named the Nuclear Barcode is proposed, where specific elements in various concentrations allow up to 6.56 trillion different variations of the barcode. Holmium, samarium, and europium were chosen as taggant elements for initial testing purposes, the results of which are presented herein. Aqueous solutions and explosive post-blast residue where one or more taggant elements were added to the undetonated explosive were analyzed. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) was utilized to identify the elements present in each sample. A series of tests were completed in order to answer the question “can the Nuclear Barcode survive the explosion process and be adequately detected?” An identification taggant with this property is called a “survivable” taggant, this property is necessary for any identification taggant to be used as designed. Qualitatively, the results of the test series are successful, where taggant elements have been detected as much as 100% of tests performed. In tests where less than a 100% success rate occurred, it is theorized that it can be attributed to the delay between irradiating and counting being greater than the half-life of the element used. This method of tagging could prove useful for manufacturers of other products, since it has been proven to survive the high pressure and temperature detonation environment.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7145.1000423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70355853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Three Deltas in a Fingerprint","authors":"Singh Rk, M. Sharma, A. Tarannum, W. Pet-Paul, L. Bernard","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000417","url":null,"abstract":"Fingerprints begin forming at about the 6th to the 13th week of gestation. A number of factors determine the print pattern in the womb, including the density of the amniotic fluid surrounding the foetus, the size of the foetus, the friction in the womb, the location in the womb amongst others. Once developed the pattern remains constant throughout life. Basically there are three main patterns; The Loop, which rise up and loop back around, continuing on the same direction it started from and it accounts for about 70% of all fingerprints, Arches look like waves that rise and fall on the same fingerprint pattern, accounting for 5% whiles the Whorls appear as circular patterns accounting for 25%. The loop has only one delta, the Arch no delta with the Whorl pattern having two deltas. In the case presented here, a young man of 30 years, who is physically fit and normal without any significant clinical condition apart from a developmental defect of the right thumb which makes it different from the left thumb. From the ten fingerprint patterns taken with the aid of a scanner from the subject, only the abnormal right thumb of the subject with a whorl fingerprint pattern has three deltas which are extremely uncommon and quite different to the traditional, widely known two deltas seen in all whorl patterns in fingerprints. Fingerprint deltas are only present in loops and whorls. There are basically four types of fingerprint whorls. The plain with two deltas, central pocket with two deltas, the double loop whorls with two deltas and accidental whorls which have two or more deltas. Theoretically, less than 1 in 1000 people has these extremely rare fingerprints. The three deltas in a fingerprint whorl pattern may exist in accidental whorls, but no mention is made of it in plain whorls which make this case perhaps the first ever of a known plain whorl with three deltas. This feature is very uncommon in normal patterns. In this case the thumb of this young man has developed abnormally in the womb and has a whorl pattern with three deltas. It is imperative this pattern is taken into consideration when evaluating or interpreting fingerprints. Though the number may be statistically small, it is still essential this is taken into account in manual and especially when using automatic fingerprint identification software to evaluate known and unknown fingerprints.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7145.1000417","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70355471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Temporal Degradation of Illicit Contaminants in Latent Fingermarks Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging","authors":"A. Johnston","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000418","url":null,"abstract":"Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been shown to be a rapid, non-destructive analytical technique capable of detecting trace amounts of exogenous particulate in fresh latent fingermarks. Fingermarks identified at a crime scene however, are rarely fresh and are likely to have been deposited days or even weeks before forensic analysis, leaving them prone to decomposition. In this study latent fingermarks were contaminated with trace amounts of the improvised explosive precursor’s ammonium nitrate and sodium chlorate, and the addictive narcotic cocaine. The latent fingermarks where then aged in natural daylight conditions over a 30 day period and intermittently analysed using FTIR spectromicroscopy. Exogenous particulate was identified using spectroscopic imaging of each fingermark, and spectra obtained from the samples were compared to control spectra to confirm the identification of the contaminant. This study demonstrates that these contaminants are detectable within latent fingermarks up to at least 30 days after deposition, with only ammonium nitrate showing signs of decomposition, and that fingermark chemistry has a minimal effect on their molecular integrity. This information has broad implications for the law enforcement community as it suggests that the detection of exogenous particulate within latent fingermarks is possible long after a suspect has handled an illegal substance. This study also confirms the use of spectroscopic imaging to provide a chemical signature for these illicit compounds weeks after deposition, and an image of the fingermark ridge pattern that can then be used for identification purposes.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7145.1000418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70355733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Time of Day Effect Insect Oviposition","authors":"R. Marriott","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000407","url":null,"abstract":"The nocturnal activity of blowflies and their ability to oviposit during the night and in the dark is an ongoing debate but it is however generally thought of that blowflies are not active at night and do not lay eggs at night [1]. Despite this, some argue against this suggesting that blowflies are indeed active at night and oviposit at night and in the dark [2]. With this in mind, this paper presents an argument to support and provide evidence of the active nature of blowflies at night and their ovipositing habits. Areas such as the effect of artificial light on blowfly oviposition and nocturnal blowfly activity are discussed from different perspectives in order to present a significant argument.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7145.1000407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70355328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}