Journal of forensics research最新文献

{"title":"Mesenchymal Paradigm: Implications in Morphogenesis","authors":"G. Drăgoi, E. Patrascu, I. Dincă, P. R. Melinte","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000358","url":null,"abstract":"A micro-anatomic study of mesenchyme involvement in the morphogenesis of human biosystem is intended. The research was carried out on 80 sagittal serial sections taken from a 12-week human fetus. Spatial distribution of mesenchyme within the gut tube, urogenital and endocrine systems was analyzed. The results are based on the assumption that there are two forms of mesenchyme if one takes into consideration the embryonic origin: mesenchyme originating from mesoderm (meso-mesenchyme) and mesenchyme originating from ectoderm (ectomesenchyme) within the neural crest. We believe that in the morphogenesis of human biosystem, the mesenchyme can be induced byphenotype changes or it can act as an inductor in other structures. The significance of mesenchyme space distribution and of its phenotype changes in pathology is discussed.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70354502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPLC Analysis of Hallucinogenic Mushroom Alkaloids (Psilocin andPsilocybin) Applying Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC)","authors":"J. Nagy, T. Veress","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000356","url":null,"abstract":"Hallucinogenic mushrooms containing psilocin and psilocybin psychoactive compounds are permanent offers on the black market palette. Reliable quantifications of psilocin and psilocybin are especially important task of forensic analysis because their results have significant effect on the hardness of judgement to be punished by the court. For quantification of psilocybin mainly HPLC procedures are applied because the compound is thermally labile and converts into psilocin by dephosphorylation at gas chromatographic conditions. The majority of HPLC procedures available in the scientific literature is based on reversed phase separation which is not advantageous particularly for the psilocybin because of its insufficient retention caused by the high polarity of the compound. The elution at the unretained section may even hinder the mass spectrometric detection of psilocybin because of the quenching of formed ions by other unretained co-eluting matrix components. To overcome drawbacks outlined previously the application of hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) is promising which allows analysis of polar compounds with appropriate retention and allowing mass spectrometric detection. The aim of the present study was to develop a procedure for quantification of psilocin and psilocybin in hallucinogen mushrooms applying HPLC separation and subsequent UV-photometric and mass spectrometric detection. For this reason, an isocratic hydrophilic interaction chromatographic (HILIC) phase system consisting of a zwitterionic stationary phase and a mixture of acetonitrile and formate buffer as mobile phase was applied. The developed system assures sufficient retention for both psilocin and psilocybin, baseline separation of the compounds from each other and from matrix components, too. Unique feature of the applied system that psilocybin elutes with a retention factor of approximately two times greater than that of psilocin which is a scientific novelty. The applicability of the proposed procedure is demonstrated via results obtained by analysis of mushrooms seized by police.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7145.1000356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70354816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymorphism of the Microsatellite DXS8377 in a Population of Northern Thai Males","authors":"Worraanong Leewattanapasuk, Asaneepond Kunjae, P. Sangthong, T. Bhoopat","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000357","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This research investigated the polymorphism of the X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (X-STR) DXS8377 in Northern Thai males. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from blood or buccal cells of 200 unrelated healthy individuals using Nucleospin® Blood or Nucleospin® Tissue (Macherey-Nagel), respectively. The DXS8377 locus was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR product was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The allelic ladder was constructed and the size of all PCR products was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using allelic ladder as a marker. The nucleotide sequences of the different-sized PCR products were analyzed to identify the DXS8377 alleles. Lastly, the Polymorphic information content (PIC) and Power of discrimination (PD) of DXS8377 DNA marker were calculated and the analysis of population relationships was performed using chi-square test of homogeneity. Results: Eleven DXS8377 alleles were observed in the study population, the allele 49 was the most frequent with the allele frequency of 0.4400. According to previous studies, allele 49 was found in all of the populations studied and it was common among various populations. The polymorphism and the probability of DXS8377 to discriminate two unrelated individuals were moderate with a PIC and PD of 0.6973 and 0.7305, respectively. Most interestingly, the DXS8377 DNA marker was able to differentiate Mongoloid from Caucasoid and Negroid and it was also able to differentiate Northern Thai males from other Asian populations, including Korean, Japanese and Chinese. Conclusion: Even though DXS8377 possessed moderate PIC and PD, this DNA marker was able to differentiate Mongoloid from Caucasoid and Negroid and it was also able to differentiate Northern Thai males from Korean, Japanese and Chinese.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7145.1000357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70354936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotourism: A zoonotic (forensic) garden of Eden?","authors":"J. Stumpf-Carome","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.C1.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.C1.020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"07 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70357972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leading the renaissance of forensic science: Integrity, transparency and technology","authors":"G. W. Adams","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.C1.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.C1.019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70358375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Addiction or Rape","authors":"S. Johnson","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000353","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual addiction has become the catch-all for infidelity, cheating, promiscuity, and rape. Recently it has become the newest claim for rapists and child molesters. Sexual addiction was defined similarly to how the DSM-5 has defined substance use disorders. Following the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, as well as how Carnes et al. defined sexual addiction, it sometimes appears as though sexual offenders are sex addicts and are therefore not responsible for their sexually abusive behaviour. Sex offenders may have a sexual addiction in addition to being a sexual offender; however the sexual addiction has nothing to do with sexual offending. No different than a sex offender having a substance use disorder- the drugs or alcohol used never cause the offender to rape, rape is a choice the offender makes whether sober or intoxicated. Sexual addiction involves having intense thoughts involving sexual activities and may include engaging in numerous promiscuous sexual encounters and frequent masturbation. However, those sexual encounters are not about forced sex, just about sex. Sexual offenders rape and molest because of thoughts involving the use of physical or psychological use of force to obtain sex and/or because of sexual thoughts involving children or adolescents.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70354477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interrelationships between Height and Selected Linear Body Dimensions andEstimation of Sex in Nepali-Speaking Adults from Naxalbari, Darjeeling","authors":"S. Banik","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000354","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several reports are available on human body dimensions (BD), their interrelationships with height, sex difference and sex estimation from different populations. Objectives: To understand interrelationships between linear BD and height in adults and estimation of sex. Methods: A sample of 20-39 years old Nepali-speaking 268 adults (158 men, 110 women) was selected from Naxalbari in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. Anthropometric measurements included height, sitting height (SH), upper arm length (UAL), forearm length (FAL), combined length of forearm and hand (CLFH), total arm lengths (TAL) (left side), hands and feet (bilateral length and breadth). Sub-ischial leg length (SLL) and indices (hands and feet), relative proportion, multiplication factors (MF) of linear BD for height were calculated. Sectioning point (SP) values [(mean value in men + mean value in women)/2] were calculated for anthropometric variables to estimate sex. Results: The SH and SLL each shared almost 50% of height. Relative proportions of BD to height were: TAL (men 45.39%, women 46.36%), CLFH (men 25.88%, women 26.58%), UAL (men 19.48%, women 19.82%) and FAL (men 14.83%, women 15.47%). Foot length (FL) and hand length (HL) was approximately 15% and 11% of height in men and women respectively. Foot breadth (FB) and hand breadth (HB) were approximately 6% and 5% of height respectively. The approximate values of MF of BD for height were calculated for TAL (2), CLFH (4), UAL (5), FAL and foot length (7), HL (9), FB (17), and HB (20). Based on SP value, sex estimation was done accurately (%) for SH (82.10%), FL (bilateral 81.72%), HL and FB (left 79.10%), FB (right 77.99%), HB (right 77.61%), TAL, HL (right) and HB (left) (75.37%), SLL (74.25%), CLFH (70.15%), UAL (66.67%) and FAL (62.70%). Conclusion: The MF and SP values were effective in understanding relative proportions of BD to height and sex estimation respectively.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7145.1000354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70354529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trial by Fire: Comparing DNA Degradation in Blood versus Semen After Fire Exposure","authors":"M. Snyder","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000352","url":null,"abstract":"Criminals have long used fire to try to destroy evidence of other crimes. Historically this cover-up attempt has had enough success that today investigators may assume evidence has either been consumed by the fire or ruined by the fire-fighting efforts. Yet research indicates evidence can endure fire and still yield partial or even full DNA profiles. However, there has been little investigation into the robustness of DNA from one biological fluid compared to another. This study examines whether fire degrades the DNA from blood more than the DNA from semen. The two biological fluids were exposed to fire, the DNA from these samples was extracted using Qiagen kits, and DNA degradation was quantified using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. DNA was quantified from 59 postfire samples plus 10 positive controls. Data analysis indicated the DNA degradation levels were not significantly different between blood samples and semen samples. However, DNA degradation levels varied significantly between samples on different substrates (nylon versus polyester).","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7145.1000352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70354402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Squid as an Alternative to Human Skin for Studying theDevelopment of Hit Marks on Clothes","authors":"Sungwook Hong, C. Kim","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000351","url":null,"abstract":"The development of latent skin impressions on a variety of fabrics (cotton, rayon, polyester, nylon, and acrylic fabrics in five colors; white, black, yellow, blue and red) has been studied. Squid soaked in artificial sweat solution or de-ionized water was used as an alternative to human skin to make skin impressions on the fabric. A piece of squid was subjected to a constant force, to transfer the skin components onto the fabric. The fabrics bearing the skin impressions were treated with various reagents such as ninhydrin, 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one (DFO), 1,2-indanedione/ Zn (1,2-IND/Zn), Amido black and Hungarian red, to know the most effective method for developing the skin impressions on the fabrics. Comparing the sensitivity of the reagents, stronger development was observed from the impressions made with the artificial sweat soaked squid than the de-ionized water soaked squid. These results show that the development quality of the latent hit mark is influenced by the sweat, as well as other skin components. Also, the development efficiency of the reagents varied depending on the chemistry, color and texture of the fabric. Therefore, before the development of skin impressions on the evidence fabrics, it is suggested to perform a preliminary experiment with different methods on a similar fabric to decide the most sensitive method.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70354297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Study: 3D Application of the Anatomical Method of Forensic FacialReconstruction","authors":"P. Galzi, J. Mullins","doi":"10.4172/2157-7145.1000350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000350","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports on techniques used in forensic facial identification with a 3D modeling software system to create a virtual sculpture. In this forensic case study, Free Form Modeling SensAble Technologies and a haptic feedback Phantom® Desktop™ were used to reconstruct the facial features of the deceased from her skull. It was previously C-T scanned and then imported as an STL file under which the work was done. The advantages of the haptic feedback device is that the forensic specialist is able to “feel” the surface of the skull, not only to provide a more accurate assessment of the individual -such as their ancestry, sex and age determination-but also to visualize the process of the Manchester method of forensic facial reconstruction step by step.","PeriodicalId":90216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensics research","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7145.1000350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70354243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}