Endocrine disruptors (Austin, Tex.)最新文献

{"title":"First Approach to Screening Endocrine Disruption Activity in Sediments from the Uruguay River (Uruguay Coast)","authors":"Noelia Rivas-Rivera, G. Eguren","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78736","url":null,"abstract":"The Uruguay river basin supports intensive agricultural and forest production, and receives municipal sewage discharge and industrial effluent. Therefore, the river receives xenobiotic compounds which can be distributed in sediments, biota, water and particu- late matter. There is evidence of the ability of several of these compounds to interfere with the endocrine system and the sediments are an important source. The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure of immature Cyprinus carpio to Uruguay river sediments undergo physiological and endocrine alterations. A 30-day semi-static assay was performed using sediments from four sites along the Uruguay river and compared with an unexposed group in dechlorinated water as a negative control. The results showed that plasma vitellogenin levels increased along the river, and significant differences were found in exposed fish. Significant difference in hepatosomatic index was observed in fish exposed to sediment from an industrial site. In the histological analysis, only repro ductive stage of males showed differences, where the number of primary spermatocyte accumulations was lower in exposed ones, and some exposed individuals from industrial sites presented with testis-ova. Our results suggest that the Uruguay river sediments are a source of endocrine-disrupting compounds available to the aquatic organisms.","PeriodicalId":90159,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine disruptors (Austin, Tex.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78736","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48522575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine Disruptors and Reproductive Health in Males","authors":"T. Jambor, H. Greifová, J. Bistáková, N. Lukáč","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78538","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, endocrine-disrupting chemicals are considered to be one of the main causes of the ever-increasing occurrence of problems with male fertility. These compounds of natural or anthropogenic origin are omnipresent in the environment and organisms are exposed to them practically nonstop through the air, water, food, and occupationally. Endocrine disruptors have the ability to mimic effects of reproductive hormones and demonstrably can interfere with the endocrine system leading to reproductive disorders at different levels, and considering male reproductive functions, most of the impacts are performed by the breakdown of estrogenor androgen-mediated processes. A significant body of evidence based upon laboratory or wildlife animal experiments and metaanalysis of semen studies in men indicates that exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds is associated with male reproductive malfunctions, including impairment of spermatogenesis followed by reduced semen quality parameters (sperm concentration, motility, and morphology). Alkylphenols, bisphenol, and phthalates are substantial components of many products with which people come into contact daily. This brief review will emphasize on the possible effects of alkylphenols, bisphenol, and phthalates on the male reproductive system, and current research efforts related to these substances mainly in the context of two main processes taking place in testicular tissues—steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis.","PeriodicalId":90159,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine disruptors (Austin, Tex.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78538","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44657891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between Bisphenol S or Dibutyl Phthalates and Reproductive System","authors":"I. Liaqat","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79264","url":null,"abstract":"Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) adversely affect animals and human beings. This attracted the researchers in the previous decade to explore the possible associa tion of these chemicals. However, among various studies, very limited data is available to explain the link between EDCs and reproductive tract outcome. One reason is that many potential EDCs and their probable mechanisms and underlying causes have not been studied so far. Bisphenol S (BPS) is used as an alternative of bisphenol A, after the worse effects of this bisphenol. Similarly, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is the least studied of its group. Dibutyl phthalate is widely used in polyvinyl plastic products. The current chapter aims to explore the possibly association of these two chemicals with animals and humans. it is concluded that the increase use of plastic products enhances the phthalates in environment. The epidemiological studies of human as well experimental trials on animal models investigated the adverse effect of BPS and DBP at lower and higher doses. The reproductive system of male and female are at higher risk of exposure to these chemicals. In females, reduced size of mammary glands, degenera tion of ovaries, immature follicles, and pubertal disorders were observed. While in males, decrease in sperm count, damage to sperm duct, and reduced testis was examined in vari ous animal models.","PeriodicalId":90159,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine disruptors (Austin, Tex.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42423065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotransformation of Bisphenol A and Its Adverse Effects on the Next Generation","authors":"H. Iwano, H. Inoue, M. Nishikawa, Jumpei Fujiki, H. Yokota","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78275","url":null,"abstract":"Although we are exposed to many chemical substances in routine daily life, the body has metabolic systems capable of detoxifying and eliminating these chemicals. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupter of great concern because of its estrogenic activity, but stud- ies have indicated no severe adverse effects in adult rodents exposed to BPA due to meta bolic detoxification. BPA is metabolized by glucuronidation mediated by phase II enzymes such as UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. Numerous recent studies in rodents have indicated that maternal BPA exposure causes adverse effects in offspring. It was also shown that bisphenol analogs are efficiently absorbed via the oral route and distributed to the repro ductive tract in pregnant rats, with its residue capable of crossing the placental barrier in the late stage of gestation. Both animal and human studies have demonstrated that BPA and the BPA metabolite BPA-GA are detectable in fetal and amniotic fluid, suggesting the presence of a placental transfer mechanism. In this review, we discuss the pharmacokinet ics of BPA, particularly its (1) metabolism and disposition in the intestine, (2) metabolism and disposition in the liver, and (3) transfer from maternal tissues to the fetus. partially BPA-glucuronide/sulfate diconjugate in males. During pregnancy, bilious excretion of BPA-GA decreases, and reciprocally, venous excretion may increase through MRP. BPA-GA remaining in systemic blood circulation is metabolized by placental or fetal β-glucuronidase, and the resultant BPA would permeate the fetal tissues. MRP, multidrug resistance-associated protein; UGT, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; ST, sulfotransferase.","PeriodicalId":90159,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine disruptors (Austin, Tex.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41796903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid, High-Throughput Detection of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Using Autobioluminescent Cellular Bioreporters","authors":"Tingting Xu, Andrew Kirkpatrick, Jody D. Toperzer, Marvin StevenFurches, S. Ripp, G. Sayler, Dan M. Close","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78378","url":null,"abstract":"Overexposure to endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) can result in serious health problems, yet they are commonly found in everyday items such as pesticides, personal care products, nutritional supplements, and plastics. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, along with other such agencies from around the world, have therefore man-dated that new approaches be designed to screen these products for the presence of EDCs. However, despite the presence of several types of extant EDC detection assays, there still exists a backlog approaching 87,000 chemicals currently awaiting screening. Autobioluminescent detection systems, which utilize cellular bioreporters capable of autonomously modulating bioluminescent signals without the need for external stimula- tion or investigator interaction, provide an attractive means for addressing this backlog because of their reduced performance costs and increased throughput relative to alterna- tive assay systems. This chapter reviews the variety of existing EDC detection assays and evaluates the performance of a representative autobioluminescent estrogen-responsive EDC bioreporter to provide an overview of how autobioluminescence can be used to improve EDC detection using in vitro assay systems.","PeriodicalId":90159,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine disruptors (Austin, Tex.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43820223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals in the Urban Water Cycle of Colombia","authors":"Diego F. Bedoya-Ríos, J. Lara-Borrero","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78325","url":null,"abstract":"In developing countries such as Colombia, information on the occurrence of endocrine disruptors is still incipient. Bogotá, the capital of Colombia, has a complexity at an anthropogenic and environmental level that makes it particularly important to determine the possible presence of this type of compounds and the risks associated with its presence in aquatic environments. During the present study, the occurrence of endocrine disruptors, mainly pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, and hormones in different aquatic matrices including wastewater, surface water, runoff water, and drinking water was evaluated; the results show that phthalates present the highest occurrence followed by bisphenol A, with an important participation of carbamazepine (0.68 – 31.45 μ g L (cid:1) 1 ), the most commonly found compound is bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (BEHP). It was also found in the drinking water, this leads to the conclusion that endocrine disruptors in Colombia and Bogotá are a reality and deserve attention from researchers to deepen their potential sources of generation and control strategies, as well as the provision must start generating policies in this regard.","PeriodicalId":90159,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine disruptors (Austin, Tex.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47249096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Androgen Receptor Plays a Vital Role in Benomyl- or Carbendazim-Induced Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity and Endocrine-Disrupting Activity in Rats","authors":"Shui-Yuan Lu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78276","url":null,"abstract":"Benomyl and its metabolite carbendazim were reported to induce reproductive and developmental toxicity and endocrine-disrupting activity in rats. The exactly underlying mechanism of reproductive and developmental toxicity and endocrine-disrupting activ- ity still remain unclear. Based on our unpublished data it showed that the antiandrogen flutamide can completely recover the reproductive and developmental toxicity including embryolethality induced by benomyl and carbendazim in rats. This manuscript aimed to review and generalize the results based on our previous reports. Androgen receptor might play an important role in benomyl- and carbendazim-induced reproductive and developmental toxicity and endocrine-disrupting activity. The evidences were (1) andro- gen- and androgen receptor-dependent mechanisms are possibly involved in carben-dazim-induced toxicity; (2) carbendazim exposure in utero displays a transient and weak androgenic effect and reduces flutamide antiandrogenicity in male rats; (3) antagonistic effect of flutamide on the carbendazim-androgenic effect on mRNA and protein levels; (4) benomyl and carbendazim exhibit an androgenic effect, leading to increase weight of ventral prostate and seminal vesicles and uterine fluid retention in young adult rats. The molecular underlying mechanism of reproductive and developmental toxicity and endocrine-disrupting activity induced by benomyl and carbendazim through androgen receptor need to be further investigated. HAP for using of didymis by from of of on of in This study aimed to investigate the endocrine-disrupting activity of carbendazim-induced reproductive and developmental toxicity in rats. The male rats were co-treatment with 675 mg/kg carbendazim and 50 or 100 mg/kg flutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist, once daily for 28 days decreased testis weight induced by treatment with carbendazim alone. Co-treatment of carbendazim and flutamide blocked losses of spermatozoa and cell morphology and decrease of sperm concentration induced by carbendazim. An important evidence for endocrine disrupting activity induced by carbendazim and benomyl was that premating treatment of male and female rats with 200 mg/kg carbendazim for 28 days resulted in androgenic effects including incomplete development of uterine horn, enlargement of urethra, absence of vagina, and induction of semi nal vesicles in female offspring, without significant effects in male offspring. Also, premating treatment with 100 mg/kg benomyl, the parent compound of carbendazim, produced incom plete Both carbendazim (methyl 2-benzimidazolecarbamate) and benomyl are reported to exhibit reproductive and developmental toxicity in male rats. This study was mainly to detect the ability of carbendazim exposure in utero to alter androgen-dependent development indicators in rat offspring and measure the effects of antiandrogen flutamide on the carbendazim-induced repro ductive and developmental alterations. All pregnant female rats were ad","PeriodicalId":90159,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine disruptors (Austin, Tex.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46690695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crop Protection Compounds: A Source of Endocrine Disruptors in Uruguay?","authors":"G. Eguren, Noelia Rivas-Rivera","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78735","url":null,"abstract":"The intensive use of agrochemicals in agriculture has been raised the concern about their potential effects on human health and the environment. In this way, regarding crop protection compounds a complex frameworks and restrictions had been established in several countries, particularly for compounds identified as endocrine disruptors. In Uruguay, the General Direction of Agricultural Services is the agency responsible for registry, but the authorization process does not consider the potential effects on endocrine system. Uruguay has significantly increased the use of crop protection compounds, of which several of them have been identified as endocrine disruptors and the environmental risks associated have not been studied. The aim of this study was to be bridging the gap between registry process and environmental protection policies. An eco-epidemiological analysis of the database of compounds imported in 2017, use guideline, national agricul - tural census as well as the public endocrine disruptor databases were carried out. Main class of crop protection compounds were ranked according to imported volumes and the top 10 of each class were contrasted with the disruptor databases. In function to recom mended doses and geographical localization of the crops was identified the main hot spots associated to the use of agricultural compounds identified as endocrine disruptors.","PeriodicalId":90159,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine disruptors (Austin, Tex.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78735","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48943640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"R-equol, a synthetic metabolite of the dietary estrogen daidzein, modulates the nongenomic estrogenic effects of 17β-estradiol in pituitary tumor cells","authors":"M. Saraf, Y. Jeng, C. Watson","doi":"10.1080/23273747.2016.1226697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23273747.2016.1226697","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We examined nongenomic signaling and functional effects (cell proliferation; prolactin release) of R-equol (R-eq), a synthetically produced metabolite of the phytoestrogen daidzein that preferentially binds to estrogen receptor-α, across a broad concentration range (10–16 to 10–7M). Membrane estrogen receptor-α, via which nongenomic signaling occurs, is enriched in the GH3/B6/F10 pituitary tumor cells used in these studies. We previously reported that other phytoestrogens, including daidzein, are potent inducers of nongenomic signaling acting via membrane receptors for estrogens, resulting in changes to these same functional responses. In the present studies, R-eq activated typical rapid signaling pathways normally evoked by estrogens, but with some differences in response timings and functional outcomes. Levels of R-eq (at 15 nM, a blood level typical for dietary phytoestrogens) were compared to a female physiological level of estradiol (E2; 1 nM). Both estrogens activated multiple mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK, JNK and p38) by phosphorylation within 2.5–15 min, with subsequent oscillations, as observed previously for other estrogens. Like E2, R-eq also augmented intracellular calcium levels and caused prolactin release; in contrast to E2, it did not produce a dose-dependent increase in cell proliferation, as estrogens that activate ERK often do. R-eq and E2, both alone and in combination, activated Gαi by GTP-charging. However, R-eq suppressed 1 nM E2-activated ERK, JNK and p38, as well as cell proliferation (most pronounced at typical phytoestrogen blood levels of 10–10 to 10–7M). We conclude that R-eq, like E2, is a rapid activator of nongenomic signals, but when combined with E2, can interfere with E2-induced nongenomic estrogenic effects .","PeriodicalId":90159,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine disruptors (Austin, Tex.)","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23273747.2016.1226697","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60058811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"California condors and DDT: Examining the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals in a critically endangered species","authors":"C. Tubbs","doi":"10.1080/23273747.2016.1173766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23273747.2016.1173766","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 1987, the last free-flying California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) was captured and brought into captivity, rendering the species extinct in the wild. At the time, only 27 condors remained. Today, the population numbers approximately 430 individuals and though condors continue their remarkable recovery, they still face numerous challenges. One challenge, specific to condors inhabiting coastal regions, is exposure to the endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) p,p'-DDE, through the scavenging of marine mammal carcasses. The exposure levels these birds currently experience appears to be causing eggshell thinning, reminiscent of the phenomenon that nearly collapsed populations of several avian species decades ago. We were interested in further exploring the potential effects of EDCs on California condors. Investigating EDC effects on a critically endangered species like the condor can be difficult, with limited options for studies that can be feasibly conducted. Therefore, we conducted non-invasive, in vitro estrogen receptor (ESR) activation assays to characterize activation by EDCs that coastal condors encounter. Here, I give a brief history of EDCs effects on birds, and in particular the California condor. Additionally, our ESR data are summarized and mechanisms of eggshell thinning are reviewed, highlighting the potential implications of EDC exposure on the continued recovery of the California condor.","PeriodicalId":90159,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine disruptors (Austin, Tex.)","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23273747.2016.1173766","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60059067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}