BioMed Research International最新文献

{"title":"Nasal Anthropometry: An Assessment Among the Akan and Ewe Ethnic Groups in Ghana.","authors":"Juliet Robertson, Chrissie Stansie Abaidoo, Daniel Kobina Okwan, Joshua Tetteh, Collins Adjei-Antwi, Samuel Bempah, Michael Ampofo","doi":"10.1155/2024/7508791","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7508791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The distribution of nasal types has been reported to be influenced by climatic adaptation as the nose is involved in conditioning inhaled air. Previous studies have reported differential nasal types and dimensions among varying populations which is very beneficial in planning for rhinoplasty and in forensic identification. However, there is inadequate data on nasal types and dimensions of the various ethnic groups in the Ghanaian population. Since it is inappropriate to apply nasal dimensions of one ethnic group to another, the current study sought to assess the nasal types and dimensions of Akans and Ewes in the Ghanaian population. Nasal height, nasal length, nasal tip protrusion, morphological nose width, and anatomical nose width were measured from 202 participants (116 Akans and 86 Ewes) aged 18-27 years belonging to the Akan and Ewe ethnic groups. Nasal index was calculated, and the frequencies of the nasal types among the two ethnic groups were determined. Ewe significantly had greater nasal length and nasal tip protrusion than the Akans. For both ethnic groups, sexual dimorphism was observed in morphological nose width and anatomical nose width, with males having greater values than females. The platyrrhine (broad nose) nasal type was predominant among the Akan and Ewe ethnic groups. The average nasal dimensions of the Akan and Ewe ethnic groups for the Ghanaian population have been reported in the present study, which will be useful in rhinoplasty intended for individuals belonging to these ethnic groups and in identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7508791"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11315967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Advanced Convolutional Neural Network Approaches to Reveal Patient Age, Gender, and Weight Based on Tongue Images.","authors":"Xiaoyan Li, Li Li, Jing Wei, Pengwei Zhang, Volodymyr Turchenko, Naresh Vempala, Evgueni Kabakov, Faisal Habib, Arvind Gupta, Huaxiong Huang, Kang Lee","doi":"10.1155/2024/5551209","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5551209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human tongue has been long believed to be a window to provide important insights into a patient's health in medicine. The present study introduced a novel approach to predict patient age, gender, and weight inferences based on tongue images using pretrained deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Our results demonstrated that the deep CNN models (e.g., ResNeXt) trained on dorsal tongue images produced excellent results for age prediction with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.71 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 8.5 years. We also obtained an excellent classification of gender, with a mean accuracy of 80% and an AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) of 88%. ResNeXt model also obtained a moderate level of accuracy for weight prediction, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.39 and a MAE of 9.06 kg. These findings support our hypothesis that the human tongue contains crucial information about a patient. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using the pretrained deep CNNs along with a large tongue image dataset to develop computational models to predict patient medical conditions for noninvasive, convenient, and inexpensive patient health monitoring and diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5551209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141905855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Isthmi and Root Canal Configurations in Mandibular Permanent Teeth Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.","authors":"Sherwin Arman, Ahmad Nouroloyouni, Amin Salem Milani, Behzad Sheikhfaal, Sara Noorolouny, Faraz Saleh Haghgou, Hesam Mikaieli Xiavi","doi":"10.1155/2024/9969860","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9969860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While root canal anatomy in Middle Eastern populations is well-studied, research on isthmi in mandibular permanent teeth from this region is limited. This retrospective study used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to examine isthmi prevalence and location, as well as root canal morphologies (per Vertucci's classification) in mandibular permanent teeth from a subpopulation in Ardabil, Iran. The study is aimed at enhancing our understanding of dental anatomical variations in Middle Eastern populations. A total of 3566 teeth from 384 CBCT scans were evaluated in this retrospective study. Mandibular teeth were evaluated on sagittal, coronal, and axial sections regarding the presence of isthmus and root morphology (Vertucci's classification). CBCT scans of 197 males (51.3%) and 187 females (48.7%) were evaluated, with a mean age of 41.1 ± 11.4 years. Isthmi were most prevalent in molar mesial roots, typically located in the middle third for anterior teeth and first premolars and cervical third for posterior teeth. While gender did not play a significant role, the presence of an isthmus in the mesial root of the left second molars was associated with a younger mean patient age (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Root morphology varied across tooth types. Central and lateral incisors predominantly showed Vertucci's Types I and III. Canines and premolars were mostly Type I, with some variation. Molar mesial roots frequently exhibited Types IV and II, while distal roots were predominantly Type I. Statistically significant differences were found between morphology and gender in the first left premolar (Type I more common in women; Type V in men; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and in the right canine (Type I more prevalent in men; Types III and V more prevalent in women; <i>p</i> < 0.001). The results revealed wide variations in root canal morphology and a relatively high prevalence of isthmi in the study population. Our findings suggest a potential difference in tooth anatomy based on sex and a relationship between age and the presence of isthmi.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9969860"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11306724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141905854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to Periodic Dilated Eye Examinations and Its Determinants Among Nepalese Patients With Diagnosed Diabetes: A Single-Center Hospital-Based Analysis Using Health Belief Model.","authors":"Barsha Suwal, Rajan Shrestha, Bijay Khatri, Madan Prasad Upadhyay","doi":"10.1155/2024/3231341","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3231341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> To find the adherence rate to periodic dilated eye examinations (DEEs) and its determinants among patients with diagnosed diabetes. <b>Research Design and Methods:</b> In this cross-sectional study of 165 participants with diagnosed diabetes (Type 1/2) attending a general hospital with a diabetes clinic, we explored perceptions of barriers and facilitators of DEE at the individual level using a framework adapted from the health belief model (HBM). Patients were compared using t tests for continuous data and chi-square tests for categorical data. <b>Results:</b> The rate of adherence to DEE (as defined by DEE <i>within a year</i>) was 62.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 55.0%-69.8%). The mean age of the patients was 56.81 (±13.29) years. We found that the mean benefit score was significantly higher, and the mean barrier score was significantly lower in those adhering to DEE (<i>p</i> < 0.001); but the susceptibility, severity, and self-efficacy scores were not significantly different. Furthermore, those under treatment for diabetes mellitus (DM), those with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in them or their family member, and those with DM duration of 1 year or less were significantly likely to adhere to DEE (<i>p</i> < 0.005). Additionally, those who had received advice for eye screening from their physicians were about 25 times more likely to adhere to DEE (95% CI =6.80-92.05) than those who were not advised. <b>Conclusion:</b> A larger proportion of people with diabetes did not adhere to periodic DEE. Benefits and barriers were found to be determinants in this population. Further exploration in a larger population and the use of HBM to increase adherence to periodic DEE can be tested by targeting behavioral counseling along with other traditional approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3231341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141896706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Insights of a Methicillin-Resistant Biofilm-Producing <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Strain Isolated From Food Handlers.","authors":"Fatimah Muhammad Ballah, M Nazmul Hoque, Md Saiful Islam, Golam Mahbub Faisal, Al-Muksit Mohammad Taufiquer Rahman, Mst Minara Khatun, Marzia Rahman, Jayedul Hassan, Md Tanvir Rahman","doi":"10.1155/2024/5516117","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5516117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is an important zoonotic pathogen associated with a wide range of infections in humans and animals. Thus, the emergence of MRSA clones poses an important threat to human and animal health. This study is aimed at elucidating the genomics insights of a strong biofilm-producing and multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>S. aureus</i> MTR_BAU_H1 strain through whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The <i>S. aureus</i> MTR_BAU_H1 strain was isolated from food handlers' hand swabs in Bangladesh and phenotypically assessed for antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm production assays. The isolate was further undergone to high throughput WGS and analysed using different bioinformatics tools to elucidate the genetic diversity, molecular epidemiology, sequence type (ST), antimicrobial resistance, and virulence gene distribution. Phenotypic analyses revealed that the <i>S. aureus</i> MTR_BAU_H1 strain is a strong biofilm-former and carries both antimicrobial resistance (e.g., methicillin resistance; <i>mec</i>A, beta-lactam resistance; <i>bla</i>Z and tetracycline resistance; <i>tet</i>C) and virulence (e.g., <i>sea</i>, <i>tsst</i>, and <i>PVL</i>) genes. The genome of the <i>S. aureus</i> MTR_BAU_H1 belonged to ST1930 that possessed three plasmid replicons (e.g., rep16, rep7c, and rep19), seven prophages, and two clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) arrays of varying sizes. Phylogenetic analysis showed a close evolutionary relationship between the MTR_BAU_H1 genome and other MRSA clones of diverse hosts and demographics. The MTR_BAU_H1 genome harbours 42 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), 128 virulence genes, and 273 SEED subsystems coding for the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, proteins, cofactors, vitamins, minerals, and lipids. This is the first-ever WGS-based study of a strong biofilm-producing and MDR <i>S. aureus</i> strain isolated from human hand swabs in Bangladesh that unveils new information on the resistomes (ARGs and correlated mechanisms) and virulence potentials that might be linked to staphylococcal pathogenesis in both humans and animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5516117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11283335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Media Modulate HUVEC Response to H₂O₂: Impact on Gene Expression and Potential for Atherosclerosis Intervention.","authors":"Abdulmajeed Alqasoumi, Mansour Alsharidah, Amer Mahmood, Mona Elsafadi, Osamah Al Rugaie, Khalid M Mohany, Khalid A Al-Regaiey, Khaleel I Alyahya, Alaa A Alanteet, Norah K Algarzae, Hanan K AlGhibiwi, Adel AlHomaidi, Mohammad Abumaree","doi":"10.1155/2024/7726493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7726493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> We studied the potential of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned media (hBMSC CM) in protecting endothelial cell properties (viability, proliferation, and migrations) from the deleterious effects produced by the inflammatory environment of H₂O₂. Additionally, we investigated their impact on the endothelial cells' gene expression of some inflammatory-related genes, namely, TGF-<i>β</i>1, FOS, ATF3, RAF-1, and SMAD3. <b>Methods:</b> Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured individually under three conditions: alone, with varying concentrations of H₂O₂, or with varying concentrations of H₂O₂ and hBMSC CM. HUVEC adhesion, proliferation, and migration were evaluated using the xCELLigence system. The HUVECs' gene expressions were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). <b>Results:</b> Generally, we observed enhanced HUVEC viability, proliferation, and migration when cultured in media supplemented with H₂O₂ and hBMSC CM. Furthermore, the CM modulated the expressions of the studied inflammatory-related genes in HUVECs, promoting a more robust cellular response. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study has illuminated the protective role of hBMSC CM in mitigating the damaging effects of H₂O₂ on endothelial cell function. Our data demonstrate that hBMSC CM enhances the viability, proliferation, and migration of HUVECs even under oxidative stress conditions. Additionally, the conditioned medium was found to modulate the gene expression of pivotal markers related to inflammation, suggesting a favorable influence on cellular response mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7726493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11268959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The High-Dietary Insulin Load Score Is Associated With Elevated Level of Fasting Blood Sugar in Iranian Adult Men: Results From Fasa PERSIAN Cohort Study.","authors":"Seyede Hamide Rajaie, Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh, Shiva Faghih, Yaser Mansoori, Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh, Mojtaba Farjam, Reza Homayounfar, Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi","doi":"10.1155/2024/6991072","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6991072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> The potential of different foods to induce postprandial hyperinsulinemia may be involved in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to evaluate the association between dietary insulin indices and MetS in a large population of adults in Iran. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 6356 adults aged 35-70 years were included in the present cross-sectional study. A validated block-format 125-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to obtain usual food intakes, and MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and American Heart Association (AHA)/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) criteria. <b>Results:</b> MetS was prevalent in 13.8% of participants. Mean age of the study participants was 46.58 ± 8.82 years, and mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.02 ± 4.60 kg/m². Mean dietary insulin index (DII) and dietary insulin load (DIL) were 63.15 ± 7.57 and 168.253 ± 52.09, respectively. In the crude model, men in the highest DIL quartile were more likely to have hyperglycemia than those in the lowest quartile (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.12-2.73, <i>p</i> trend = 0.04). This association remained significant and was even stronger after adjusting for potential confounders in model I (OR: 3.64, 95% CI: 1.57-8.47, <i>p</i> trend = 0.005) and further adjustment for BMI in model II (OR: 3.61, 95% CI: 1.55-8.44, <i>p</i> trend = 0.006). <b>Conclusions:</b> In healthy men, adherence to a high-DIL diet may be associated with a greater likelihood of having hyperglycemia. No statistically significant association was observed between insulin indices and the odds of having MetS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6991072"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11265942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141750978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Hub Genes for Psoriasis and Cancer by Bioinformatic Analysis.","authors":"Yao Yu, Shaoze Ma, Jinzhe Zhou","doi":"10.1155/2024/5058607","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5058607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psoriasis increases the risk of developing various cancers, including colon cancer. The pathogenesis of the co-occurrence of psoriasis and cancer is not yet clear. This study is aimed at analyzing the pathogenesis of psoriasis combined with cancer by bioinformatic analysis. Skin tissue data from psoriasis (GSE117239) and intestinal tissue data from colon cancer (GSE44076) were downloaded from the GEO database. One thousand two hundred ninety-six common differentially expressed genes and 688 common shared genes for psoriasis and colon cancer were determined, respectively, using the limma R package and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) methods. The results of the GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were mainly related to the biological processes of the cell cycle. Thirteen hub genes were selected, including AURKA, DLGAP5, NCAPG, CCNB1, NDC80, BUB1B, TTK, CCNB2, AURKB, TOP2A, ASPM, BUB1, and KIF20A. These hub genes have high diagnostic value, and most of them are positively correlated with activated CD4 T cells. Three hub transcription factors (TFs) were also predicted: E2F1, E2F3, and BRCA1. These hub genes and hub TFs are highly expressed in various cancers. Furthermore, 251 drugs were predicted, and some of them overlap with existing therapeutic drugs for psoriasis or colon cancer. This study revealed some genetic mechanisms of psoriasis and cancer by bioinformatic analysis. These hub genes, hub TFs, and predicted drugs may provide new perspectives for further research on the mechanism and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5058607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11265948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141750977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Kumasi: With a First Report of Zoonotic Pathogens in Abattoir Workers.","authors":"Seth Offei Addo, Stacy Amoah, Nancy Martekai Unicorn, Emmanuella Tiwaa Kyeremateng, Genevieve Desewu, Patrick Kwasi Obuam, Richard Odoi-Teye Malm, Emmanuel Osei-Frempong, Francisca Adai Torto, Stephen Kwabena Accorlor, Philip Kweku Baidoo, Samuel K Dadzie, John Asiedu Larbi","doi":"10.1155/2024/4848451","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4848451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tick-borne pathogens continue to infect humans and animals worldwide. By adapting to the movement of livestock, ticks facilitate the spread of these infectious pathogens. Humans in close contact with animals that could be amplifying hosts are especially at risk of being infected with tick-borne pathogens. This study involved the collection of dry blood spots (DBSs) to determine tick-borne pathogens occurring in slaughtered livestock and abattoir workers in Kumasi. This study employed the use of conventional PCR, RT-PCR, and Sanger sequencing to detect and identify the tick-borne pathogens. The resulting data was analysed using Stata version 13. A total of 175 DBSs were collected from goats (76), cattle (54), and sheep (45) in the Kumasi abattoir (130, 74.29%) and Akwatia Line slaughter slab (45, 25.71%). The pathogens identified were mostly bacterial including <i>Anaplasma capra</i> (9.71%), <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> (1.14%), and <i>Rickettsia aeschlimannii</i> (0.57.%). The only parasite identified was <i>Theileria ovis</i> (9.14%). A significant association was seen between <i>A. capra</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.001) infection and female sheep sampled from the Akwatia Line slaughter slab. Again, there was a significant association between <i>T. ovis</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.001) infections and female sheep from the Kumasi abattoir. From the human DBS (63) screened, the pathogens identified were all bacterial including <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> (1.89%), <i>Rickettsia africae</i> (1.89%), and <i>R. aeschlimannii</i> (1.89%). This study reports the first detection of <i>R. aeschlimannii</i> in livestock as well as the occurrence of the above-mentioned pathogens in humans in Ghana. Animals can serve as amplifying hosts for infectious pathogens; hence, there is an increased risk of infections among the abattoir workers. Continuous surveillance effort is essential, and abattoir workers need to protect themselves from tick bites and infectious tick-borne pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4848451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11260511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole Exome Sequencing in Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT).","authors":"Betti Giusti, Elena Sticchi, Tommaso Capezzuoli, Rebecca Orsi, Lapo Squillantini, Marco Giannini, Samuele Suraci, Angela Antonietta Rogolino, Francesca Cesari, Martina Berteotti, Anna Maria Gori, Elena Lotti, Rossella Marcucci","doi":"10.1155/2024/2860547","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2860547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> In February 2021, a few cases of unusual, severe thrombotic events associated with thrombocytopenia reported after vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Vaxzevria) or with Johnson & Johnson's Janssen vaccine raise concern about safety. The vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) has been related to the presence of platelet-activating antibodies directed against platelet Factor 4. <b>Objectives:</b> We investigated VITT subject genetic background by a high-throughput whole exome sequencing (WES) approach in order to investigate VITT genetic predisposition. <b>Methods:</b> Six consecutive patients (females of Caucasian origin with a mean age of 64 years) were referred to the Atherothrombotic Diseases Center (Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence) with a diagnosis of definite VITT underwent WES analysis. WES analysis was performed on the Illumina NextSeq500 platform. <b>Results:</b>WES analysis revealed a total of 140,563 genetic variants. Due to VITT's rare occurrence, we focused attention on rare variants. The global analysis of all high-quality rare variants did not reveal a significant enrichment of mutated genes in biological/functional pathways common to patients analyzed. Afterwards, we focused on rare variants in genes associated with blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, platelet activation and aggregation, integrin-mediated signaling pathway, and inflammation with particular attention to those involved in vascular damage, as well as autoimmune thrombocytopenia. According to ACMG criteria, 47/194 (24.2%) rare variants were classified as uncertain significance variants (VUS), whereas the remaining were likely benign/benign. <b>Conclusion:</b> WES analysis identifies rare variants possibly favoring the prothrombotic state triggered by the exposure to the vaccine. Functional studies and/or extensions to a larger number of patients might allow a more comprehensive definition of these molecular pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":9007,"journal":{"name":"BioMed Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2860547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11260508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}