2019年加纳北部三个地区对疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒循环的疫情响应。

IF 2.6 3区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
BioMed Research International Pub Date : 2024-10-04 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1155/2024/5515777
John Kofi Odoom, Emmanuel Kofi Dzotse, Nicholas Israel Nii-Trebi, David Opare, Ernest Akyereko, Keren Attiku, Ewurabena Oduma Duker, Miriam Eshun, Bismarck Banahene Boahene, Emmanuel Gberbi, Ekua Essumanma Houphouet, Stanley Diamenu, Michael Adjabeng, Joseph Asamoah-Frimpong, Donne Ameme, Joseph Kojo Larbi Opare, Evangeline Obodai
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:从加纳北部急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)患儿的污水和粪便样本中分离出循环疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒 2 型(cVDPV2)。研究方法一个多学科和多部门小组对此次疫情进行了调查,并报告了流行病学和实验室调查情况。从环境中采集了污水/废水样本,并从 AFP/接触者中采集了 5 岁以下儿童的粪便样本。对样本进行了病毒分离处理,并对阳性分离物进行了测序。我们还进行了一项描述性调查,包括查阅记录、主动病例搜索和单价脊髓灰质炎口服疫苗 2 的宣传活动。此外,我们还就其子女的疫苗接种情况以及他们对脊髓灰质炎预防知识的了解情况对护理人员进行了访谈。我们还对水质、环境卫生、个人卫生习惯和寻求健康的行为进行了评估。结果2019-2020 年疫情爆发期间,加纳三个地区共确诊了 18 株 cVDPV2。所有菌株在基因上都与 2018 年流行的尼日利亚 cVDPV2 菌株 NIE-KWS-KSB-18-006HC29 相关。对监测系统的评估表明,官员们对甲流病毒有很好的了解,知道如何收集样本、包装样本并将样本运送到实验室。很少有社区能获得饮用水。露天排便很普遍,社区的供水、环境卫生和个人卫生习惯都很差。结论此次 cVDPV2 疫情是自 1996 年加纳开始实施根除脊髓灰质炎计划以来,cVDPV2 首次在该国流行。然而,通过高质量的 mOPV2 清除运动、全国范围的 IPV 接种运动以及强化的监控措施,传播被阻断了。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Outbreak Response to Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in Three Northern Regions of Ghana, 2019.

Background: Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Type 2 (cVDPV2) was isolated in sewage and later in stool samples from children with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in northern Ghana. Method: A multidisciplinary and multisectoral team investigated this outbreak and reported on epidemiological and laboratory investigations. Sewage/wastewater samples were collected from the environment, while stool samples were collected from AFP/contact children under 5 years of age. The samples were processed for virus isolation, and positive isolates were sequenced. We also conducted a descriptive investigation involving a review of records, active case search, and Monovalent Oral Polio Vaccine 2 campaigns. Additionally, we interviewed caregivers about the vaccination status of their children, as well as their knowledge on polio prevention. Water quality, sanitation, hygiene practices, and health-seeking behaviours were also assessed. Results: A total of 18 cVDPV2 were confirmed in the three regions of Ghana during the outbreak in 2019-2020. All strains were genetically linked to a Nigerian cVDPV2 strain NIE-KWS-KSB-18-006HC29 that circulated in 2018. Evaluation of the surveillance system shows that officers have good knowledge of AFP and know how to collect samples, package them, and ship them to the laboratory. Few communities had access to potable water. Open defecation was common, and the water supply, sanitation, and hygiene practices of the communities were poor. Conclusion: The cVDPV2 outbreak represents the first time cVDPV2 has circulated in the country since Ghana embarked on the polio eradication program in 1996. However, with quality mOPV2 mop-up campaigns, a nationwide IPV catch-up campaign coupled with enhanced surveillance measures, transmission was interrupted.

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来源期刊
BioMed Research International
BioMed Research International BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY-MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
1942
审稿时长
19 weeks
期刊介绍: BioMed Research International is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies covering a wide range of subjects in life sciences and medicine. The journal is divided into 55 subject areas.
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