Biology Letters最新文献_第2页

Rebuilding the critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoise population: successful release from an ex situ conservation programme. 重建极度濒危的长江江豚种群：从迁地保护计划中成功释放。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0719

Jiansong Qiu, Yang Zheng, Fei Fan, Jinsong Zheng, Qiang Zeng, Zijia Xu, Qiang Gao, Kexiong Wang, Songhai Li, Ding Wang, Zhigang Mei

{"title":"Rebuilding the critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoise population: successful release from an ex situ conservation programme.","authors":"Jiansong Qiu, Yang Zheng, Fei Fan, Jinsong Zheng, Qiang Zeng, Zijia Xu, Qiang Gao, Kexiong Wang, Songhai Li, Ding Wang, Zhigang Mei","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0719","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0719","url":null,"abstract":"Ex situ conservation and population reinforcements or reintroductions are vital strategies for protecting endangered species, yet efforts for cetaceans have been notably limited. Through post-release monitoring based on wearable radio tag and passive acoustic methods, we report the first successful release of a critically endangered small toothed whale, the Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis), into the wild. Our monitoring results indicate that, by the third day after release, the two porpoises from the ex situ population had joined a local individual and gradually integrated into the core distribution area of the local population. Continuous monitoring by the Yangtze Cetacean Protection Network revealed no recorded deaths among the released porpoises. This successful release demonstrates the potential of this approach as a supplementary measure for the restoration of the Yangtze finless porpoise wild population.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 6","pages":"20240719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fiddler crab claws work as a deflection antipredator defence. 招潮蟹的爪子是一种防掠食者的偏转防御。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0694

Diogo Jackson Aquino Silva, Samuel Bear Powell, Marilia Fernandes Erickson, Fabio Cortesi, Daniel Marques Almeida Pessoa, Karen Louise Cheney

{"title":"Fiddler crab claws work as a deflection antipredator defence.","authors":"Diogo Jackson Aquino Silva, Samuel Bear Powell, Marilia Fernandes Erickson, Fabio Cortesi, Daniel Marques Almeida Pessoa, Karen Louise Cheney","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0694","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0694","url":null,"abstract":"Conspicuous coloration in body parts that can be autotomized, diverting predator attacks from vital to non-vital regions, is called deflection. Fiddler crabs typically have a cryptic or conspicuous carapace (vital area), while the claw (non-vital) is often conspicuous and used for social communication. Here, we tested whether the conspicuous claws of fiddler crabs divert predator attacks away from their carapaces, enhancing survival. To do this, we used a robotic crab model that replicated the colours and reproductive waving display of the two-toned fiddler crab, Gelasimus vomeris. Models were placed in the field to be attacked by Australian brush-turkeys, Alectura lathami. We analysed whether the first attack was directed at the claw or the carapace with differently coloured models. Our results show that robot crab models with conspicuous claws drew half of the attacks to the claw, whereas models with non-conspicuous claws were attacked predominately on the carapace. This suggests that the claws of the fiddler crabs effectively attract attacks away from the carapace, functioning as a deflection mechanism. This is the first study demonstrating a claw-deflection strategy in crustaceans, indicating that the claw not only plays a role in intraspecific signalling but also mitigates associated predation risks.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 6","pages":"20240694"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12173484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emergence of a novel drinking innovation in an urban population of sulphur-crested cockatoos, Cacatua galerita. 在城市硫冠凤头鹦鹉种群中出现了一种新的饮酒创新。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2025.0010

Barbara C Klump, David Walter, John M Martin, Lucy M Aplin

{"title":"Emergence of a novel drinking innovation in an urban population of sulphur-crested cockatoos, Cacatua galerita.","authors":"Barbara C Klump, David Walter, John M Martin, Lucy M Aplin","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0010","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0010","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of innovation has been proposed as a potentially important source of adaptive behavioural responses to anthropogenic change. Yet, while a diversity of urban innovations have been documented in animals, there are relatively few examples of these spreading to form local traditions. One notable example is the 'bin-opening innovation' in sulphur-crested cockatoos (Cacatua galerita), where individuals open household bin lids to access food waste, with this behaviour spreading across southern Sydney, Australia. Here, we describe a second innovation in this species, the 'drinking-fountain innovation'. Individuals from a population in western Sydney drink from twist-handle public drinking fountains, with this behaviour persisting over at least 2 years. Successful operation requires a coordinated sequence of actions, with only 41% of observed attempts ending in success. Intensive observation at one drinking fountain over 44 days revealed 525 attempts and 46% of marked individuals successfully engaging in the behaviour, with individuals visiting at dawn and dusk in line with expectations for use of a water resource. Public drinking fountains vary in design between local councils but are generally widespread. Yet, to our knowledge, this behaviour has not been observed elsewhere. Altogether, this suggests that this drinking innovation has spread to form a new urban-adapted local tradition.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 6","pages":"20250010"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A physiological crisis drives the coral recruitment bottleneck. 生理危机导致了珊瑚繁殖的瓶颈。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2025.0103

Peter Edmunds, Adrian Cheh, Scott Burgess

{"title":"A physiological crisis drives the coral recruitment bottleneck.","authors":"Peter Edmunds, Adrian Cheh, Scott Burgess","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0103","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0103","url":null,"abstract":"Recruitment failure is an important factor contributing to population declines of tropical corals. Because the causes of death for juvenile corals are unclear, it is challenging to predict how recruitment bottlenecks will change in the future. We tested the hypothesis that depletion of metabolic reserves increases mortality of juvenile corals under thermal stress. Metabolic reserves of juvenile colonies (<30 mm diameter) of broadcast spawning Pocillopora from Moorea, French Polynesia, were manipulated using elevated temperature to increase respiration, and reduced day length to decrease photosynthesis, and estimated as biomass. Corals with high or low biomass were incubated at 28°C and 31°C for 15 days. Juvenile P. meandrina with high biomass were six times more likely to die at 31°C versus 28°C, but corals with low biomass were 48 times more likely to die at 31°C versus 28°C. When juvenile Pocillopora were grown in seawater augmented with bicarbonate to reduce the cost of skeletogenesis in support of growth, growth was not affected, but energy expenditure was reduced by 20% to reduce reliance on metabolic reserves. Resource limitation of juvenile corals can affect their response to elevated temperatures, supporting the hypothesis that a physiological crisis initiated by resource limitation mediates the stringency of recruitment bottlenecks.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 6","pages":"20250103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12173483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why is mutual grooming rare despite its function? A hypothesis for cognitive constraints. 为什么尽管相互梳理有其作用，但却很少见？认知约束的假设。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0669

Ayumi Ogawa, Shinya Yamamoto

{"title":"Why is mutual grooming rare despite its function? A hypothesis for cognitive constraints.","authors":"Ayumi Ogawa, Shinya Yamamoto","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0669","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0669","url":null,"abstract":"Mutual grooming, where both participants groom each other simultaneously, is a type of allogrooming and probably also plays an important role as a social and hygienic function; however, it has attracted little attention, probably due to its rarity compared to prevailing unidirectional grooming in many social animals, such as primate species. While previous studies have shown that mutual grooming has functional significance, such as promoting social bonds and maximizing short-term benefits, we do not know why mutual grooming is much rarer than unidirectional grooming, and its restrictive factors have been mostly uninvestigated. In this article, we propose a hypothesis of cognitive constraints in which cognitive complexity is assumed as an underpinning mechanism for mutual grooming, thereby restricting its prevalence across animal species. To achieve joint action and its symmetric nature, mutual grooming is considered to require behavioural coordination between participants, which could be facilitated by active communication and, furthermore, by joint commitment based on a mutual understanding of intention between the two. The fact that joint commitment has been proved only in a limited number of animals may support this cognitive demand hypothesis, although it definitely calls for further in-depth investigation and comparative studies across primate and non-primate species.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 6","pages":"20240669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12173481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Females' scarcity of testosterone: a helper to save somatic resources in unfavourable environments. A Comment on: 'The sexy and formidable male body: men's height and weight are condition-dependent, sexually selected traits' (2025), by Giofrè D et al. 女性缺乏睾酮：在不利环境中保存体细胞资源的帮手。评论：“性感而强大的男性身体：男性的身高和体重取决于条件，是性选择的特征”（2025），作者：Giofrè D等人。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2025.0099

Thomas Remer

引用次数: 0

Foraging and thermally induced phenotypic plasticity interact in the most northerly distributed freshwater fish. 在最北分布的淡水鱼中，觅食和热诱导的表型可塑性相互作用。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0636

Colin E Adams, Colin Bean, Kevin Parsons

{"title":"Foraging and thermally induced phenotypic plasticity interact in the most northerly distributed freshwater fish.","authors":"Colin E Adams, Colin Bean, Kevin Parsons","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0636","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0636","url":null,"abstract":"Elevated temperatures from climate change are predicted to be more extreme at higher latitudes. This could require phenotypic plasticity to generate variation that allows organisms to persist in these regions. However, climate change will provide a multifactorial change in environmental cues, making an understanding of how they interact essential for predicting persistence and future evolutionary potential. Here, the impacts of temperature on ecologically relevant phenotypic plasticity (foraging environment) in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) were studied. Eggs and alevins were kept at the same temperature (9°C) and split using a factorial design. This included two temperature treatments (10°C and 14°C) and two treatments representing benthic and pelagic foraging styles. We measured morphology in response to these treatment combinations and found an interaction between foraging and temperature-induced plasticity in body shape that included changes in body depth and the caudal peduncle that could impact swimming ability and fitness. This indicates that thermal conditions may change how plasticity responds to ecological conditions and impact adaptive variation.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 6","pages":"20240636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pigment concentrations only partially predict avian eggshell colour mimicry in a polymorphic host-brood parasite system. 色素浓度只能部分预测多态寄主-寄主寄生系统中鸟类蛋壳颜色的模仿。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2025.0112

Daniel Hanley, Mark E Hauber, Mandë Holford, Collins Moya, Claire N Spottiswoode, Tanmay Dixit

{"title":"Pigment concentrations only partially predict avian eggshell colour mimicry in a polymorphic host-brood parasite system.","authors":"Daniel Hanley, Mark E Hauber, Mandë Holford, Collins Moya, Claire N Spottiswoode, Tanmay Dixit","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0112","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0112","url":null,"abstract":"The precise mimicry of host eggshell colours and patterns by some obligate avian brood parasites provides a powerful study system for understanding co-evolutionary arms races. However, most attention has focused on host behaviour in response to mimicry, rather than the proximate mechanisms that give rise to mimetic eggshell colours and patterns. In Africa, the cuckoo finch Anomalospiza imberbis produces a wide range of eggshell colours that largely match those of one of its hosts, the tawny-flanked prinia Prinia subflava. Here, we use chemical analysis and avian visual modelling to determine how cuckoo finches and prinias produce this wide array of perceived eggshell colours. Although both species incorporate similar proportions of the two main egg pigments (biliverdin and protoporphyrin) into their eggshell matrix, the cuckoo finch deposits greater concentrations of pigments. Proportions of pigments predicted eggshell coloration only in bluer eggshells, whereas there was no statistical relationship between pigments and colours in browner eggshells. Possible explanations include that brown pigments are involved in maculation and/or strengthening the eggshell. Overall, variation in the deposition of eggshell pigments results in complex relationships between eggshell chemistry and avian-perceivable coloration, both within and across species in this system.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 6","pages":"20250112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: Habitat complexity influences neuron number in six species of Puerto Rican Anolis. 更正：栖息地的复杂性会影响波多黎各六种珊瑚的神经元数量。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2025.0193

Levi Storks, Jessica Garcia, Christian A Perez-Martinez, Manuel Leal

引用次数: 0

Arms race of physical defences: hooked trichomes of Macaranga ant-plants kill lycaenid caterpillars, but one specialist has a counter-defence. 物理防御的军备竞赛：Macaranga蚂蚁植物的钩状毛状体杀死lycaenid毛虫，但有一种专家有反制防御。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2025.0005

Ritabrata Chowdhury, T Ulmar Grafe, Faizah Metali, Walter Federle

{"title":"Arms race of physical defences: hooked trichomes of Macaranga ant-plants kill lycaenid caterpillars, but one specialist has a counter-defence.","authors":"Ritabrata Chowdhury, T Ulmar Grafe, Faizah Metali, Walter Federle","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0005","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2025.0005","url":null,"abstract":"The coevolution of insects and chemical plant defences has been described as an arms race, but it is unclear whether physical plant defences can produce similar outcomes. Here, we report a previously unknown interaction from the mutualism between ants and Macaranga trees. Although Macaranga trees are well protected against herbivory by aggressive ants, caterpillars of the genus Arhopala (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) can feed on the leaves by appeasing the ants with nectar-like secretions. One ant-plant species, M. trachyphylla, bears hooked trichomes on its green surfaces. When placed on M. trachyphylla stems or petioles, Arhopala caterpillars associated with other Macaranga species (A. major, A. dajagaka and A. zylda) were quickly arrested by the sharp trichomes that pierced their cuticle, resulting in death by rapid blood loss and removal by ants. In striking contrast, A. amphimuta caterpillars, which occur naturally on M. trachyphylla, could easily walk over the hooked trichomes without any injury. As hooked trichomes are a novel trait within Macaranga, this interaction provides an example of de novo evolution of a physical plant defence, which in turn has been overcome by a specialist herbivore. Our study suggests that physical plant defences can lead to evolutionary arms races similar to those for chemical defences.","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 6","pages":"20250005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0