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Partner fidelity, not geography, drives co-diversification of gut microbiota with hominids. 伴侣的忠诚,而不是地理位置,推动了与原始人肠道微生物群的共同多样化。
IF 2.8 2区 生物学
Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0454
Andrew H Moeller
{"title":"Partner fidelity, not geography, drives co-diversification of gut microbiota with hominids.","authors":"Andrew H Moeller","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0454","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial strains that inhabit the gastrointestinal tracts of hominids have diversified in parallel (co-diversified) with their host species. The extent to which co-diversification has been mediated by partner fidelity between strains and hosts or by geographical distance between hosts is not clear due to a lack of strain-level data from clades of hosts with unconfounded phylogenetic relationships and geographical distributions. Here, I tested these competing hypotheses through meta-analyses of 7121 gut bacterial genomes assembled from wild-living ape species and subspecies sampled throughout their ranges in equatorial Africa. Across the gut bacterial phylogeny, strain diversification was more strongly associated with host phylogeny than with geography. In total, approximately 14% of the branch length of the gut bacterial phylogeny showed significant evidence of co-diversification independent of geography, whereas only approximately 4% showed significant evidence of diversification associated with geography independent of host phylogeny. Geographically co-occurring heterospecific hosts (<i>Pan</i> and <i>Gorilla</i>) universally maintained distinct co-diversified bacterial strains. Strains whose diversification was associated with geography independent of host phylogeny included clades of Proteobacteria known to adopt free-living lifestyles (e.g. <i>Escherichia</i>). These results show that co-diversification of gut bacterial strains with hominids has been driven primarily by fidelity of strains to host lineages rather than geography.</p>","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":"20240454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genomic data reveal that the Cuban blue-headed quail-dove (Starnoenas cyanocephala) is a biogeographic relict. 基因组数据显示,古巴蓝头鹌鹑(Starnoenas cyanocephala)是一种生物地理遗留物。
IF 2.8 2区 生物学
Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0464
Jessica A Oswald, Bret M Boyd, Avery R Szewczak, Michelle J LeFebvre, Brian J Stucky, Robert P Guralnick, Kevin P Johnson, Julie M Allen, David W Steadman
{"title":"Genomic data reveal that the Cuban blue-headed quail-dove (<i>Starnoenas cyanocephala</i>) is a biogeographic relict.","authors":"Jessica A Oswald, Bret M Boyd, Avery R Szewczak, Michelle J LeFebvre, Brian J Stucky, Robert P Guralnick, Kevin P Johnson, Julie M Allen, David W Steadman","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0464","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Islands are well known for their unique biodiversity and significance in evolutionary and ecological studies. Nevertheless, the extinction of island species accounts for most human-caused extinctions in recent time scales, which have accelerated in recent centuries. Pigeons and doves (Columbidae) are noteworthy for the high number of island endemics, as well as for the risks those species have faced since human arrival. On Caribbean islands, no other columbid has generated more phylogenetic interest and uncertainty than the blue-headed quail-dove, <i>Starnoenas cyanocephala</i>. This endangered Cuban endemic has been considered more similar, both behaviourally and phenotypically, to Australasian species than to the geographically closer 'quail-dove' (<i>Geotrygon</i> s.l.) species of the Western Hemisphere. Here, we use whole genome sequencing from <i>Starnoenas</i> and other newly sequenced columbids in combination with sequence data from previous publications to investigate its relationships. Phylogenomic analyses, which represent 35 of the 51 genera currently comprising the Columbidae, reveal that the blue-headed quail-dove is the sole representative of a lineage diverging early in the radiation of columbids. <i>Starnoenas</i> is sister to the species-rich subfamily Columbinae, which is found worldwide. As a highly distinctive evolutionary lineage lacking close modern relatives, we recommend elevating the conservation priority of <i>Starnoenas</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":"20240464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11706640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Demystifying the functions of the mitochondrial ORFan proteins in bivalves with doubly uniparental inheritance. 揭示双双亲遗传双壳类动物线粒体ORFan蛋白的功能。
IF 2.8 2区 生物学
Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0564
Julie Brémaud, Alizée Debelli, Hajar Hosseini Khorami, Donald T Stewart, Annie Angers, Bernard Angers, Sophie Breton
{"title":"Demystifying the functions of the mitochondrial ORFan proteins in bivalves with doubly uniparental inheritance.","authors":"Julie Brémaud, Alizée Debelli, Hajar Hosseini Khorami, Donald T Stewart, Annie Angers, Bernard Angers, Sophie Breton","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0564","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strict maternal inheritance of mitochondria is known to be the rule in animals, but over 100 species across six orders of bivalves possess doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of mitochondria. Under DUI, two distinctive sex-specific mitogenomes coexist. In marine and freshwater mussels, each mitogenome has an additional protein-coding gene, called female- and male-specific open reading frame or <i>forf</i> and <i>morf</i>, respectively. The function(s) of the associated FORF and MORF proteins remain unknown. Herein, we show that these proteins present similar tissue expression patterns in two distantly related DUI species: MORF was only expressed in male gonads, whereas FORF was expressed in all tissues of both sexes in the marine mussel <i>Mytilus edulis</i> and the freshwater mussel <i>Venustaconcha ellipsiformis</i>. Moreover, MORF was only expressed during the reproductive season, while FORF presented no clear seasonality pattern in <i>M. edulis</i>. Immunocytochemistry revealed the presence of both proteins in mitochondria and acrosomes of late spermatids and mature sperm. We hypothesize that MORF has a key function in spermatogenesis, while FORF has a more general function in both sexes. We also propose that both proteins may be involved in the fertilization process. The involvement of MORF in paternal mitochondrial transmission is also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":"20240564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hidden population turnover of small odontocetes in the northwestern North Pacific during the Holocene. 全新世北太平洋西北部小齿螈的隐蔽种群更替。
IF 2.8 2区 生物学
Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0525
Takushi Kishida, Kyohei Sawada, Sakiko Namigata, Takamune Takabatake, Miwa Suzuki, Nanami Takezoe, Takumi Yamamoto, Toshimichi Nakanishi, Hiroyuki Kitagawa
{"title":"Hidden population turnover of small odontocetes in the northwestern North Pacific during the Holocene.","authors":"Takushi Kishida, Kyohei Sawada, Sakiko Namigata, Takamune Takabatake, Miwa Suzuki, Nanami Takezoe, Takumi Yamamoto, Toshimichi Nakanishi, Hiroyuki Kitagawa","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0525","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite numerous studies on the rise and fall of terrestrial megafauna in the late Quaternary, knowledge about marine megafauna from this period remains limited. In this study, we performed radiocarbon dating and partial mitochondrial DNA sequencing from the skeletal remains of three species of small odontocetes (Pacific white-sided dolphins, Dall's porpoises and harbour porpoises) excavated from prehistoric archaeological sites around the Japanese shore dating back to 8500-1000 years ago (ya). Pacific white-sided dolphins that habituated the eastern coast of Hokkaido around 2000 ya belonged to different maternal groups than those from over 5000 ya and today. Furthermore, the species composition excavated from eastern Hokkaido sites varies between 5000 and 2000 ya. These findings suggest two significant population turnovers of small odontocetes on the east coast of Hokkaido, a transitional zone between the coastal area of East Asia and the offshore North Pacific. Notably, the first turnover, occurring between 5000 and 2000 ya, represents the oldest evidence of local population turnovers of marine megafauna during the late Quaternary.</p>","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":"20240525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11706663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mean mares? Habitat features influence female aggression in response to social instability in the feral horse (Equus caballus). 母马意味着什么?生境特征影响了野马(Equus caballus)雌性对社会不稳定的反应。
IF 2.8 2区 生物学
Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0494
Cassandra M V Nuñez, James S Adelman
{"title":"Mean mares? Habitat features influence female aggression in response to social instability in the feral horse (<i>Equus caballus</i>).","authors":"Cassandra M V Nuñez, James S Adelman","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0494","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is unclear how habitat features alter animal responses to social instability. Only by uncovering such interactions can we fully understand the evolutionary drivers and fitness consequences of sociality. We capitalize on a management-induced manipulation of social stability in an island population of free-ranging feral horses (<i>Equus caballus</i>), living across three distinct habitat types. We tested whether female group-changing behaviour (a reliable measure of social instability) affected (i) female-female aggression, (ii) rank within female dominance hierarchies, (iii) stability of female hierarchies (in the groups they joined and/or left), and (iv) how habitat characteristics shaped these responses. Female group-changing behaviour positively predicted aggression from other females, but only when habitat features such as visibility and freshwater distribution were considered. We found no strong association among female group-changing behaviour and the aggression initiated, female rank or the stability of female dominance hierarchies. Our work reveals that animal responses to social instability are nuanced and impacted by the surrounding habitat. A better understanding of these impacts can help elucidate evolutionary drivers of sociality and mitigate unintended effects of management practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":"20240494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fish reproductive phenology shifts with increasing temperature and year. 鱼类繁殖物候随温度和年份的增加而变化。
IF 2.8 2区 生物学
Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0240
S T Koenigbauer, M L Cubbage, L D Warren, J M Tellier, O M Selz, G G Sass, T O Höök
{"title":"Fish reproductive phenology shifts with increasing temperature and year.","authors":"S T Koenigbauer, M L Cubbage, L D Warren, J M Tellier, O M Selz, G G Sass, T O Höök","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0240","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temperate fishes often spawn in response to environmental cues, such as temperature, thereby facilitating larval emergence concurrent with suitable biotic and abiotic conditions, such as plankton blooms. Climatic changes may alter the reproductive phenology of spring- and autumn-spawning freshwater fish populations. Such effects may depend on the sensitivity of reproductive phenology to ambient temperatures. We applied a meta-analysis approach to test whether annual temperature and year affected fish reproductive phenology. Based on preliminary tests in walleye (<i>Sander vitreus</i>) and Lake Constance whitefish (<i>Coregonus arenicolus</i>), we hypothesized that increasing temperature would promote earlier spring-spawning and later autumn-spawning. We found spawning was significantly earlier in the spring and later in the autumn. We found that migration of autumn-spawning species occurred earlier with warmer temperatures, implying that with increasing temperatures, migrating autumn-spawning species will increase residence time in tributaries. We also found that spring-spawning fishes reproduced earlier in more recent years, while we observed no significant effect in autumn-spawners. Spring- and autumn-spawning fishes displayed interannual variation in spawning dates (mean range of 34.4 and 27.0 days over 33.9 years, respectively), with spring-spawning fishes displaying a significantly broader range in spawning dates.</p>","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":"20240240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11706652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sweating the small stuff: microclimatic exposure and species habitat associations inform climate vulnerability in a grassland songbird community. 汗流浃背的小东西:小气候暴露和物种栖息地的关联通知气候脆弱性在草原鸣禽群落。
IF 2.8 2区 生物学
Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0599
Jacy S Bernath-Plaisted, Christine A Ribic, Benjamin Zuckerberg
{"title":"Sweating the small stuff: microclimatic exposure and species habitat associations inform climate vulnerability in a grassland songbird community.","authors":"Jacy S Bernath-Plaisted, Christine A Ribic, Benjamin Zuckerberg","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0599","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assessment of species' vulnerability to climate change has been limited by mismatch between coarse macroclimate data and the fine scales at which species select habitat. Habitat mediates climate conditions, and fine-scale habitat features may permit species to exploit favourable microclimates, but habitat preferences can also constrain their ability to do so. We leveraged fine-resolution models of near-surface temperature and humidity in grasslands to understand how microclimates affect climatic exposure and demographics in a grassland bird community. We asked: (i) Do species select favourable nest-site microclimates? (ii) Do habitat preferences limit the ability of species to access microclimates? (iii) What are the demographic consequences of microclimatic exposure? We found limited evidence that grassland birds select cooler microclimates, which may buffer eggs and nestlings from extreme heat. Instead, many species appeared constrained by vegetation preferences. While facultative generalists displayed flexibility to use denser vegetation that provided buffering from high temperatures (>39°C), most obligate species nested in more exposed microclimates. Nesting success in facultative species was not well explained by microclimate, but success in specialized grassland obligates declined with increasing microclimate temperatures. These findings illustrate how microclimate and habitat use can interact to influence the potential vulnerability of species to future climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":"20240599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DNA and spores from coprolites reveal that colourful truffle-like fungi endemic to New Zealand were consumed by extinct moa (Dinornithiformes). 粪化石的DNA和孢子显示,新西兰特有的色彩鲜艳的松露状真菌是由已灭绝的恐鸟(鸟硫目)食用的。
IF 2.8 2区 生物学
Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0440
Alexander P Boast, Jamie R Wood, Jerry Cooper, Nic Bolstridge, George L W Perry, Janet M Wilmshurst
{"title":"DNA and spores from coprolites reveal that colourful truffle-like fungi endemic to New Zealand were consumed by extinct moa (Dinornithiformes).","authors":"Alexander P Boast, Jamie R Wood, Jerry Cooper, Nic Bolstridge, George L W Perry, Janet M Wilmshurst","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0440","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycovores (animals that consume fungi) are important for fungal spore dispersal, including ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi symbiotic with forest-forming trees. As such, fungi and their symbionts may be impacted by mycovore extinction. New Zealand (NZ) has a diversity of unusual, colourful, endemic sequestrate (truffle-like) fungi, most of which are ECM. As NZ lacks native land mammals (except bats), and sequestrate fungi are typically drab and mammal-dispersed, NZ's sequestrate fungi are hypothesized to be adapted for bird dispersal. However, there is little direct evidence for this hypothesis, as 41% of NZ's native land bird species became extinct since initial human settlement in the thirteenth century. Here, we report ancient DNA and spores from the inside of two coprolites of NZ's extinct, endemic upland moa (<i>Megalapteryx didinus</i>) that reveal consumption and likely dispersal of ECM fungi, including at least one colourful sequestrate species. Contemporary data from NZ show that birds rarely consume fungi and that the introduced mammals preferentially consume exotic fungi. NZ's endemic sequestrate fungi could therefore be dispersal limited compared with fungi that co-evolved with mammalian dispersers. NZ's fungal communities may thus be undergoing a gradual species turnover following avian mycovore extinction and the establishment of mammalian mycovores, potentially affecting forest resilience and facilitating invasion by exotic tree taxa.</p>","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":"20240440"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dorsoventral comparison of intraspecific variation in the butterfly wing pattern using a convolutional neural network. 用卷积神经网络比较蝴蝶翅膀图案的种内变异。
IF 2.8 2区 生物学
Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0446
Kai Amino, Tsubasa Hirakawa, Masaya Yago, Takashi Matsuo
{"title":"Dorsoventral comparison of intraspecific variation in the butterfly wing pattern using a convolutional neural network.","authors":"Kai Amino, Tsubasa Hirakawa, Masaya Yago, Takashi Matsuo","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0446","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Butterfly wing patterns exhibit notable differences between the dorsal and ventral surfaces, and morphological analyses of them have provided insights into the ecological and behavioural characteristics of wing patterns. Conventional methods for dorsoventral comparisons are constrained by the need for homologous patches or shared features between two surfaces, limiting their applicability across species. We used a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based analysis, which can compare images of the two surfaces without focusing on homologous patches or features, to detect dorsoventral bias in two types of intraspecific variation: sexual dimorphism and mimetic polymorphism. Using specimen images of 29 species, we first showed that the level of sexual dimorphism calculated by CNN-based analysis corresponded well with traditional assessments of sexual dissimilarity, demonstrating the validity of the method. Dorsal biases were widely detected in sexual dimorphism, suggesting that the conventional hypothesis of dorsally biased sexual selection can be supported in a broader range of species. In contrast, mimetic polymorphism showed no such bias, indicating the importance of both surfaces in mimicry. Our study demonstrates the potential versatility of CNN in comparing wing patterns between the two surfaces, while elucidating the relationship between dorsoventrally different selections and dorsoventral biases in intraspecific variations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":"20240446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hovering hawkmoths exploit unsteady circulation to produce aerodynamic force. 悬停的飞蛾利用非定常循环产生气动力。
IF 2.8 2区 生物学
Biology Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0619
Yun Liu, Biao Li, Deli Zhou
{"title":"Hovering hawkmoths exploit unsteady circulation to produce aerodynamic force.","authors":"Yun Liu, Biao Li, Deli Zhou","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0619","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsbl.2024.0619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study employs an integrated approach, combining three-dimensional flow visualization and two-dimensional flow measurement to investigate the underlying unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms of hovering hawkmoths. Using a single vortex ring model, three aerodynamic force components, such as aerodynamic force induced by unsteady circulation, vortex loop size variation and added mass, are estimated within a dimensionless time (normalized by one wing beat cycle) range of 0.418 < <i>T</i><sup>*</sup> < 0.455, where both the vortex loop circulation and loop size data are available. The force analysis reveals that the unsteady circulation-induced aerodynamic force dominates the overall force production and contributes 67% of the total force while the vortex loop size variation and added mass effect-induced aerodynamic forces only count for 25% and 8%, respectively. These findings suggest the hawkmoth primarily relies on unsteady circulation to generate aerodynamic forces.</p>","PeriodicalId":9005,"journal":{"name":"Biology Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":"20240619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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