Biologia最新文献

{"title":"Morphological and molecular characters of two Helicotylenchus species from South Africa and relationship of selected soil parameters with H. pseudorobustus","authors":"Ebrahim Shokoohi, Candice van Rensburg, Zafar Handoo, Peter Masoko","doi":"10.1007/s11756-024-01785-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-024-01785-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in South Africa's Limpopo Province, two species of <i>Helicotylenchus</i> were identified, namely <i>H. dihystera</i> and <i>H. pseudorobustus</i>. The morphological and molecular characteristics of these species were found to be consistent with those of the known species. A phylogenetic analysis of <i>Helicotylenchus</i> populations based on 28S rDNA was conducted, and it was found that the <i>H. dihystera</i> identified in this study belonged to the same group as other <i>H. dihystera</i> specimens with a 1.00 posterior probability support. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of <i>H. pseudorobustus</i> based on 18S rDNA placed the test population close to other <i>H. pseudorobustus</i> specimens with 0.97 posterior probability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for <i>Helicotylenchus</i> species also revealed noticeable dissimilarities in the labial disc and lateral field of the tail region between the two species from the present study, including <i>H. pseudorobustus</i>, and <i>H. dihystera</i>. The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that <i>H. pseudorobustus</i> had a correlation with pH and clay of the soil. In conclusion, despite the challenges associated with identifying <i>Helicotylenchus</i> species, SEM and rDNA markers can be considered as highly effective tools to distinguish the species correctly and accurately.</p>","PeriodicalId":8978,"journal":{"name":"Biologia","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142197094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laccase: exploring structural insights and functional versatility for applications","authors":"Divya Sharma, Reena Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s11756-024-01787-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-024-01787-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rise in industrial establishments all around the globe has also enhanced the demand of enzymes for usage in processes. Laccases are one of the dominant enzymes which have been employed in industrial processes over the years. They are a type of multi-copper oxidases (MCOs) which is a category of enzymes having diverse substrate selectivity and varying biological activity. All multi-copper oxidases can convert oxygen into water without creating unwanted products owing to the existence of cupredoxin-like domains. This review article details up-to-date knowledge about laccases, their structures and various sources, the laccase mediator system, mechanism of action and applications of laccases in numerous biotechnological processes such as in food industry for wine and beer stabilization, synthesis of cosmetics and pharmaceutically important compounds, dye detoxification in industrial effluents, xenobiotic degradation, paper and pulp bleaching, biofuel cells and biosensor development for detection for various chemical compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":8978,"journal":{"name":"Biologia","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and prediction of functions for drought-responsive genes in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)","authors":"Chunlei Zou, Shanshan Zhao, Wenting Chai, Bohui Yang, Chunlai Zhang, Zhijia Gai","doi":"10.1007/s11756-024-01771-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-024-01771-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drought is an environmental stress factor restricting the growth and productivity of plants. Sugar beet can acclimate to diverse types of abiotic stress, such as drought. Although many studies on response of sugar beet to drought stress have been conducted, the expressions of drought-responsive genes in sugar beet have rarely been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we performed a transcriptome analysis of leaf samples from water-controlled sugar beet seedlings. The clean reads were obtained and assembled into 21,749 unique genes. Among them, we identified 1,675 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). According to the findings of the Gene ontology (GO) analysis, “biological process”, “metabolic process”, “oxidation–reduction process” and “catalytic activity” were the most highly enriched GO terms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that “biosynthesis of secondary metabolites”, “metabolic pathways”, “plant hormone signal transduction”, and “protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum” were the four most highly enriched pathways. Drought stress significantly restrained dry mass and net photosynthetic rate of sugar beet. The expression levels of genes encoding homeobox-leucine zipper protein ATHB-12, berberine bridge enzyme-like 13, auxin response factor 5, and photosystem I subunit O were significantly altered under drought stress. In addition, 36 DEGs occurred with differential alternative splicing. Our findings provided new insights into the regulatory functions of genes related to drought resistance in sugar beet.</p>","PeriodicalId":8978,"journal":{"name":"Biologia","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relations between soil hydrophobicity and vegetation in abandoned arable fields on sandy soil","authors":"Edyta Hewelke, Piotr T. Zaniewski, Artur Pędziwiatr, Dariusz Gozdowski, Ewa B. Górska","doi":"10.1007/s11756-024-01776-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-024-01776-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study aimed to find the significant relations between the dominant plant species of secondary succession of lasting abandonment of agricultural fields on sandy soil in central Poland, and soil water repellency strength. The critical soil moisture content for hydrophobicity for individual sites ranged from 10.7 to 16.7%, and the differences were not statistically significant. After periods of prolonged drought, all abandonment agriculture fields indicated lower soil moisture content than critical threshold (10.7–16.7%) for soil water repellency. The soil water repellency was assessed as extreme class based on Water Drop Penetration Time (WDPT) test. The relationship between the main dominant species cover and WDPT test was diverse, with <i>Agrostis gigantea</i> agg<i>.</i> and <i>Avena sativa</i> as a species reaching highest cover within low values of WDPT. Inexpertly <i>Betula pendula</i> agg<i>.</i> (unexpectely<i>)</i> and <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> dominated sites with the highest values of WDPT test. The conducted research indicates that due to climate change, leaving sandy soils in warm temperate climate without an alternative management plan may pose a significant environmental risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":8978,"journal":{"name":"Biologia","volume":"170 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rediscovery of Chimarra marginata (Linnaeus, 1767) (Philopotamidae, Trichoptera, Insecta) in the Czech Republic after 80 years","authors":"Andrea Zapriháčová, Pavel Chvojka, Emil Janeček, Petr Komzák, Tomáš Navara","doi":"10.1007/s11756-024-01775-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-024-01775-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ecology and distribution of caddisflies is an important topic with regard to the general biodiversity of insects and also the ecological quality of freshwaters. Our recent rediscovery of <i>Chimarra marginata</i> (Linnaeus) in the Czech Republic took place after more than 80 years and is important from a biomonitoring point of view. We present new data from the Ohře River in western Bohemia and give a review of the historical occurrence of this species in the territory of former Czechoslovakia. Ecological preferences are discussed as well as the potential value of the species for bioindication. This report also emphasizes the importance of regular routine sampling to monitor changes in species diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8978,"journal":{"name":"Biologia","volume":"155 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In search of per capita effects of Prunus serotina Ehrh. invasion on temperate forest understory alpha diversity","authors":"Sebastian Bury, Andrzej M. Jagodziński, Marcin K. Dyderski","doi":"10.1007/s11756-024-01766-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-024-01766-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Prunus serotina</i> is one of the most widespread alien tree species in temperate European forests. Although numerous studies revealed both negative and positive impacts on native ecosystems, only a few assessed the quantitative impacts along a species abundance gradient, based on aboveground biomass of <i>per capita</i> effects. Here we studied how alpha diversity of forest understory changes with increasing aboveground biomass of <i>P. serotina</i>. In Wielkopolska National Park (W Poland) we established 92 plots in both nutrient-rich and poor <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> stands. We assessed the effects of <i>P. serotina</i> proportion on understory species composition using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). We also assessed the effects of <i>P. serotina</i> proportion on alpha diversity metrics using generalized mixed-effects linear models, accounting also for stand age, soil C:N ratio, and light availability. <i>P. serotina</i> biomass ranged from 0.0 to 34.29 Mg ha⁻¹ (with an average of 5.70 ± 0.83 Mg ha⁻¹), comprising 0% to 17.26% (with an average of 2.93 ± 0.43%) of total woody species biomass. NMDS revealed a lack of <i>P. serotina</i> proportion effects on understory species composition. We found small positive impacts of <i>P. serotina</i> proportion on total species richness (+ 8.8 species along a gradient with a 10% increase of <i>P. serotina</i> biomass proportion) and functional richness (+ 0.08). The positive impacts of <i>P. serotina</i> were mostly related to the confounding effect of two factors: an increase in light availability facilitates both the development of understory plants as well as the growth of <i>P. serotina</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8978,"journal":{"name":"Biologia","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of meristic characteristics among populations of the lizard Sceloporus variabilis (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) from central Mexico","authors":"Aurelio Ramírez-Bautista, Abraham Lozano, Raciel Cruz-Elizalde","doi":"10.1007/s11756-024-01778-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-024-01778-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lizard species of wide distribution can show differences in morphology and many other characteristics, in particular in the scutelation. In this study, we analyzed the variation of 22 meristic characters between sexes and among populations of <i>Sceloporus variabilis</i> from the state of Hidalgo in central Mexico. The variables such as dorsal scales, scales around the body, ventral scales, femoral pores, interfemoral scales, and lamellae of the fourth digit of the hindlimbs were different among populations; the population of San Pablo Tetlapayac presented the highest average values in these variables. A positive and significant relationship between snout–vent length and the number of ventral scales was found only in the females of San Pablo Tetlapayac and Santa Catarina. The variations recorded in the present study indicate an effect of environmental variation in the pattern of the number of scales, and suggest that both environmental conditions, such as precipitation and temperature, and ecological conditions, such as substrate or microhabitats, may be influencing differences in the number and size of scales among populations. Further studies on physiology and ecomorphology are necessary to determine the direction of variations in scutelation between sexes and populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8978,"journal":{"name":"Biologia","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions in bryophytes using a new in vitro culture method reveal negative and positive interspecific effects in the sporelings of two moss species","authors":"Miguel A. Gómez-Molinero, Belén Estébanez, Nagore G. Medina","doi":"10.1007/s11756-024-01769-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-024-01769-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In vitro culture experiments are crucial for studying chemically-mediated interactions in plants. However, the difficulty in distinguishing spores and sporelings of different bryophyte species hinders research on early developmental stages. Here we propose a modification of the sandwich technique, a standard method for studying plant allelopathic, and present a case study using two common mosses. As in the standard sandwich method, we have created a physical barrier using gelled medium, and inoculated spores of <i>Tortula muralis</i> and <i>Syntrichia ruralis</i> in two layers. To assess their intra- and interspecific interactions, we measured the green coverage of the protonemata using image analysis, and the degree of sporeling development using a categorical index. We successfully obtained physically separated sporelings of target and emitters from spores of these two species. The green coverage analysis showed no differences in any of the comparisons. However, the developmental index showed a negative effect of <i>T. muralis</i> on <i>S. ruralis</i>, whereas <i>S</i>. <i>ruralis</i> appeared to promote the development of <i>T. muralis</i>. The method proposed here is successful for culturing moss spores. The two inocula (the emitter and the receiver) are physically separated but the set-up allows the diffusion of water-soluble and volatile substances. For testing interactions at these early stages of the gametophyte, we recommend measuring the degree of development of moss sporelings rather than their coverage. Our results revealed both positive and negative interspecific interactions between <i>T. muralis</i> and <i>S. ruralis</i> sporelings. This supports that positive interactions in bryophytes may be more common than previously thought.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":8978,"journal":{"name":"Biologia","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population dynamics, reproductive fecundity and predatory performance of Diplonychus indicus","authors":"Grace Marin, Subramanian Arivoli, Samuel Tennyson","doi":"10.1007/s11756-024-01755-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-024-01755-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Diplonychus indicus</i>, a tropical, skilled predatory water bug with a global distribution, has been studied for its predatory performance. In this study, a detailed account and a thorough assessment on the population dynamics, reproductive fecundity, and the various factors, viz., effect of space size, temperature, food deprivation, aquatic vegetation, competition, and prey density influencing the predatory performance of <i>D</i>. <i>indicus</i> have been portrayed. Over the course of a year, the population dynamics of <i>D</i>. <i>indicus</i> was observed in a permanent pond located in the Kanyakumari region of Tamil Nadu, Southern India. Except for temperature, <i>D</i>. <i>indicus</i> nymphs and adults, had a positive correlation with abiotic (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and rainfall) and biotic (<i>Culex</i> larvae) parameters. With regard to reproductive fecundity, on an average, 20 female individuals of <i>D</i>. <i>indicus</i> produced 1062 eggs, with a maximum hatching percentage of 88.3 at water temperatures of 25–26 °C, and an incubation period of 9.0 ± 0.35 days. The stadial duration of nymphs was 77.68 days, with the Ist stage being the shortest (5.2 ± 0.32 days) and the Vth stage the longest (34.22 ± 4.12). The IVth stage followed by the Vth stage had the highest rates of survival from egg to adult. The predatory performance of <i>D</i>. <i>indicus</i> nymphs evaluated based on the following factors, viz., space size, temperature, starvation, vegetation, competition, and prey density, are as follows. Maximum number of prey (<i>Culex</i> larvae) predated (411.20 ± 8.76) was in circular experimental glass container of 1 L volume space size; at a temperature of 25 °C (11.20 ± 0.30); after 24 h of starvation (558.26 ± 2.56); in 2.0 g density of aquatic vegetation (388.16 ± 2.32); with six competitors (2484.60 ± 8.10); and at 80 prey density (28.52 ± 1.02). The current study provides a critical insight into these variables that are crucial in the predatory performance of their prey, and are successful parameters in establishing a specific predator-prey interaction. This is a useful parameter for figuring out a specific predator-prey interaction in the wild. All the above mentioned factors will affect how well <i>D</i>. <i>indicus</i> performs as a predator in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":8978,"journal":{"name":"Biologia","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfur mitigates lead toxicity through phytochelatin-driven vacuolar sequestration and antioxidant defense in mustard (Brassica juncea)","authors":"Ruby Bagchi, MD. Arifuzzaman, MD. Atikur Rahman, Ahmad Humayan Kabir, MD. Sarwar Parvez","doi":"10.1007/s11756-024-01745-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-024-01745-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lead (Pb) toxicity is a serious concern for edible crops, soil, and the environment. Therefore, an eco-friendly, cost-effective strategy is highly in demand to mitigate Pb toxicity in plants and provide health benefits for humans. This study aimed to explore the impact of exogenous sulfur (S) in mitigating Pb toxicity in mustard. Pb toxicity severely inhibited mustard growth, development, biomass yield, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic attributes (Fv/Fm, Pi_ABS) in mustard. Interestingly, exogenous S considerably restored these morpho-physiological attributes in mustard. The concentration of S declined under Pb stress, and it was restored after exogenous S supplementation to roots and shoots, suggesting that S is actively involved in regulating Pb and S accumulation and homeostasis processes in mustard plants. Additionally, S supplementation in Pb-exposed plants induced the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), as well as the concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatin (PC) in roots. Given the binding affinity of PC with toxic metals, the reduction of Pb in the aerial part may result from the vacuolar sequestration of Pb, mediated by elevated PC synthesis in the roots of mustard supplemented with S. These overall findings might be useful for oilseed crop breeders and farmers to apply S-amendments in Pb-free edible crop production.</p>","PeriodicalId":8978,"journal":{"name":"Biologia","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}