Bacterial biofilms: Pathogenesis, monitoring, treatment approaches and associated challenges

Abstract

Recognition of the fact that bacterial biofilm might contribute to the development of diseases has prompted a greater emphasis on identifying conditions, that could be linked to the biofilm formation. Microbial biofilms have raised significant concerns within the healthcare, medical, and food industries due to their inherent resistance to conventional antibiotics and cleaning methods, as well as their ability to firmly attach to surfaces, leading to enduring contamination concerns. A biofilm constitute a structural community of microorganisms, encased in a framework of extracellular polymeric substances. Biofilms pose a substantial challenge in the management of bacterial infections and stand as primary factors contribute to the enduring nature of these infections. Depending on their community microbiological makeup and the surrounding conditions, bacteria can create different types of single and multispecies biofilms. Over the past 20 years, interest in the study of bacterial biofilm formation has increased due to the exquisite intricacy of these multicellular communities and their role in infectious illnesses. Biofilms can form on almost any surface and can be advantageous or harmful, depending on the surface and how the community uses it. Extensive researchers have tackled the progressions in comprehending structural and functional variations, along with the roles that biofilms perform in illness and host–pathogen relationships.