{"title":"Featured Cover","authors":"Anne Duffy, Paul Grof","doi":"10.1111/bdi.13456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.13456","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the Commentary <i>Advancing clinical practice and discovery research through revised taxonomy: Case in point bipolar disorder diagnosis</i> by Anne Duffy and Paul Grof, https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.13415.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":8959,"journal":{"name":"Bipolar Disorders","volume":"26 3","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bdi.13456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140919234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nausicaa Christodoulou, Karine Laaidi, Pierre A. Geoffroy
{"title":"Eco-anxiety: Towards a medical model and the new framework of ecolalgia","authors":"Nausicaa Christodoulou, Karine Laaidi, Pierre A. Geoffroy","doi":"10.1111/bdi.13446","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bdi.13446","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the context of global warming, new terms emerged in the global media and in the psychology field to embody the negative feelings which come along with climate change such as ‘eco-anxiety’ or ‘solastalgia’. The pathological character of these emotions is denied although medical opinion is often required for helping people to handle them. Also, no proper medical framework in the field exists to study and care for these patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this narrative review, we aim to (1) analyse the concept of eco-anxiety by focusing on its history and developed concepts, (2) summarize the different scales built to assess eco-anxiety and (3) propose a new medical framework.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We came out with a framework based on the transformation of a physiological adaptative behaviour the ‘eco-distress’. It is composed of three dimensions: eco-anger, eco-grief and eco-worry, it is not debilitating in daily life and promotes coping strategies such as management of negative emotions and pro-environmental behaviours (PEB). It can transform itself into a pathological state, the ‘ecolalgia’, composed of two core dimensions: eco-anxiety and eco-depression, leading to functional impairment and decrease in PEB. If ecolalgia maintains over 15 days, we propose to consider it as a full psychiatric disorder needing medical advice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This new framework enables a novel approach that is necessary for the improved management of mental health issues related to climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8959,"journal":{"name":"Bipolar Disorders","volume":"26 6","pages":"532-547"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140916120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"First manic episode induced by abrupt discontinuation of sertraline in a patient with OCD: A case report","authors":"Bedirhan Şenol, Rabia Nazik Ekinci, Erol Göka","doi":"10.1111/bdi.13450","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bdi.13450","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8959,"journal":{"name":"Bipolar Disorders","volume":"26 6","pages":"630-632"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140916126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long-term management of a perpetual mixed state with minimal medication and sleep regulation","authors":"Verinder Sharma, Katelyn N. Wood","doi":"10.1111/bdi.13454","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bdi.13454","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 72-year-old married nurse was referred to our clinic 16 years ago for the management of treatment-resistant bipolar II disorder. The illness began after the birth of her first child when she was 27 years old. She had a recurrence of depression after the birth of her other two children. Each postpartum episode lasted 4–6 weeks and remitted spontaneously. She first sought professional help when she was 45, and the following year was hospitalized for depression for the first time. In 8 years, she required 13 hospital admissions (see Figure 1), including one hospitalization after an intentional drug overdose. She spent a total of 382 days with hospitalizations ranging in duration between 3 and 83 days. She had to quit her job due to the persistent and disabling nature of the disorder. Following her last hospitalization, her mood continued to fluctuate between periods of mixed depression and hypomania without intervening euthymic intervals. Due to rapid shifts in her moods, she was also thought to have borderline personality disorder and histrionic traits. Her family history was positive for bipolar disorder in at least nine members across three generations including her grandfather, grandmother, aunts, mother, brother, and daughter. Several family members had been treated with lithium and some had received electroconvulsive therapy.</p><p>Past efforts to treat the mood disorder involved trials of antidepressants including amitriptyline, fluvoxamine, nefazodone, moclobemide, and desipramine; lithium, carbamazepine, valproic acid, aripiprazole, paliperidone, methylphenidate, and benzodiazepines. Pindolol was used to augment some of the antidepressants. She developed tachyphylaxis to some of the antidepressants while others were ineffective. She had both unilateral and bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (a total of 19 treatments) that led to confusion and made her more anxious and agitated. Except for amitriptyline, the doses of antidepressants were either adequate or high (e.g., fluvoxamine 400 mg daily). She developed neutropenia requiring discontinuation of carbamazepine; valproate was ineffective, and there was no response to two trials of lithium in combination with antidepressants. She had individual psychotherapy and dialectical behavior therapy without benefit. In terms of her physical health, she had fibromyalgia, migraine, hyperthyroidism (treated with radioactive iodine), and hypertension.</p><p>At the time of her referral to our program, she was taking topiramate 50 mg, bupropion XL 450 mg, gabapentin 2800 mg, and zopiclone 15 mg a day. Aided by collateral information from her family, the diagnosis of bipolar II disorder was confirmed using the DSM-IV. Since the unmedicated illness was marked by episodes of “pure” depression with full inter-episodic recovery, we surmised that the continuous use of antidepressants (alone or in combination with other psychotropic drugs) over the previous 15 years had likely contributed to a perpetual mix","PeriodicalId":8959,"journal":{"name":"Bipolar Disorders","volume":"26 7","pages":"750-752"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bdi.13454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annemiek Dols, Ralph W. Kupka, Henk Mathijssen, Eline J. Regeer
{"title":"The time has come to question the infinite maintenance treatment for bipolar disorders","authors":"Annemiek Dols, Ralph W. Kupka, Henk Mathijssen, Eline J. Regeer","doi":"10.1111/bdi.13447","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bdi.13447","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8959,"journal":{"name":"Bipolar Disorders","volume":"26 5","pages":"415-417"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanne Lie Kjærstad, Luisa de Siqueira Rotenberg, Julian Macoveanu, Klara Coello, Maria Faurholt-Jepsen, Anne Juul Bjertrup, Gitte M. Knudsen, Patrick M. Fisher, Maj Vinberg, Lars Vedel Kessing, Beny Lafer, Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak
{"title":"Stable neural underpinnings of emotional cognition subgroups in patients newly diagnosed with bipolar disorder: A prospective fMRI study","authors":"Hanne Lie Kjærstad, Luisa de Siqueira Rotenberg, Julian Macoveanu, Klara Coello, Maria Faurholt-Jepsen, Anne Juul Bjertrup, Gitte M. Knudsen, Patrick M. Fisher, Maj Vinberg, Lars Vedel Kessing, Beny Lafer, Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak","doi":"10.1111/bdi.13444","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bdi.13444","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective<b>s</b></h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the neural underpinnings of emotional cognition subgroups in recently diagnosed patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and change over time over a 15-month follow-up period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients and healthy controls (HC) underwent emotional and nonemotional cognitive assessments and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at the baseline (BD <i>n</i> = 87; HC <i>n</i> = 65) and at 15-month follow-up (BD <i>n</i> = 44; HC <i>n</i> = 38). Neural activity during emotion reactivity and regulation in response to aversive pictures was assessed during fMRI. Patients were clustered into subgroups based on their emotional cognition and, with HC, were compared longitudinally on cognition and neural activity during emotion reactivity and regulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients were optimally clustered into two subgroups: Subgroup 1 (<i>n</i> = 40, 46%) was characterized by <i>heightened emotional reactivity</i> in negative social scenarios, which persisted over time, but were otherwise cognitively intact. This subgroup exhibited stable left amygdala <i>hyper</i>-activity over time during emotion reactivity compared to subgroup 2. Subgroup 2 (<i>n</i> = 47, 54%) was characterized by <i>global emotional cognitive impairments</i>, including stable difficulties with emotion regulation over time. During emotion regulation across both time points, this group exhibited <i>hypo</i>-activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Additionally, patients in subgroup 2 had poorer nonemotional cognition, had more psychiatric hospital admissions and history of psychotic episodes than those in subgroup 1.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Broad impairments in emotional cognition in approximately half of BD patients and associated nonemotional cognitive deficits may originate from insufficient recruitment of prefrontal resources, contributing to poorer clinical outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8959,"journal":{"name":"Bipolar Disorders","volume":"26 6","pages":"556-569"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bdi.13444","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mete Ercis, Aysegul Ozerdem, Marin Veldic, Balwinder Singh, Brandon J. Coombes, Joanna M. Biernacka, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Mark A. Frye
{"title":"Measuring the exposome in bipolar disorder","authors":"Mete Ercis, Aysegul Ozerdem, Marin Veldic, Balwinder Singh, Brandon J. Coombes, Joanna M. Biernacka, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Mark A. Frye","doi":"10.1111/bdi.13443","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bdi.13443","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although bipolar disorder is highly heritable, the identified genetic variants explain only a small portion of phenotypic variation and overall disease risk. Contemporaries of Kraepelin delineate environmental exposure to disease, in part, by developmental age and whether exposures are modifiable (i.e., diet, alcohol, and drug use) or non-modifiable (i.e., childhood maltreatment, head trauma, and infection-associated immune activation) risk factors.<span><sup>1, 2</sup></span> Exposures can be studied at the individual level and population level. For example, in comparison to age-matched controls, individuals with bipolar disorder, in particular those with a history of psychotic mania and non-early onset illness, had significantly increased long-term IgG antibody response to cytomegalovirus.<span><sup>3</sup></span> In another study utilizing two large datasets from the United States and Denmark, air quality was identified as the strongest predictor of a bipolar disorder diagnosis among environmental quality indices.<span><sup>4</sup></span> These examples provide a compelling illustration of how quantifying environmental exposure at both the individual and population levels has merit in enhancing our understanding of bipolar disorder and its putative subphenotypes. Achieving a more comprehensive and precise assessment of such environmental factors is critical for future clinical research initiatives.</p><p>Introduced in 2005, the exposome concept illustrated the need to assess environmental exposures more holistically.<span><sup>5</sup></span> It encompasses all exposures an individual encounters, from conception to end of life. The exposome is broadly categorized into three interactive and potentially overlapping domains of general external exposures (geographic, social, and economic), specific external exposures (diet, tobacco, alcohol, substance use, pharmacotherapy, skin care products, pollutants, radiation, and contaminants), and internal exposures which include biological effects of external exposures (metabolism, hormones, gut microflora, inflammation, and oxidative stress). Importantly, these domains are not necessarily mutually exclusive and inevitably interact as exogenous factors influence internal factors. Advances in exposome research will likely facilitate greater breadth and depth of environmental risk quantification to disease and relapse.</p><p>Measuring the exposome is a challenging task due to the vast array and dynamic fluctuations of environmental exposures individuals encounter throughout their lives. Initial models for estimating the exposome score have been proposed for psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia, with the potential to enhance risk prediction and stratification.<span><sup>6</sup></span> However, these models are currently limited to considering only external exposures and do not account for the internal biological response to environmental exposures, ultimately failing to capture the entirety of ","PeriodicalId":8959,"journal":{"name":"Bipolar Disorders","volume":"26 5","pages":"488-490"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bdi.13443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Validity of the DSM-5 Mixed Features Specifier Interview","authors":"Mark Zimmerman, Daniel Mackin","doi":"10.1111/bdi.13436","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bdi.13436","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the reliability and validity of a semi-structured interview assessing the features of the DSM-5 mixed features specifier. Our goal was to develop an instrument that could be used for both diagnostic and severity measurement purposes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four hundred fifty-nine psychiatric patients in a depressive episode were interviewed by a trained diagnostic rater who administered semi-structured interviews including the DSM-5 Mixed Features Specifier Interview (DMSI). We examined the inter-rater reliability and psychometric properties of the DMSI. The patients were rated on clinician rating scales of depression, anxiety, and irritability, and measures of psychosocial functioning, suicidality, and family history of bipolar disorder.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The DMSI had excellent joint-interview interrater reliability. More than twice as many patients met the DSM-5 mixed features specifier criteria during the week before the assessment than for the majority of the episode (9.4% vs. 3.9%). DMSI total scores were more highly correlated with a clinician-rated measure of manic symptoms than with measures of depression and anxiety. More patients with bipolar depression met the mixed features specifier than patients with MDD. Amongst patients with MDD, those with mixed features more frequently had a family history of bipolar disorder, were more frequently diagnosed with anxiety disorders, attention deficit disorder, and borderline personality disorder, more frequently had attempted suicide, and were more severely depressed, anxious, and irritable.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The DMSI is a reliable and valid measure of the presence of the DSM-5 mixed features specifier in depressed patients as well as the severity of the features of the specifier.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8959,"journal":{"name":"Bipolar Disorders","volume":"26 5","pages":"479-487"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}