Journal of glycomics & lipidomics最新文献

{"title":"Nutrilipidomics: A Tool for Personalized Health","authors":"C. Chatgilialoglu, C. Ferreri","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.1000E109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.1000E109","url":null,"abstract":"“-Omics” technologies have an important role in the comprehension of metabolism and signaling pathways at a molecular level, aiming at envisaging early stages of malfunctioning and disease onsets, as well as contributing to the advancement of molecular diagnostics and biomarkers for health care and disease prevention. The “-omics” approach gives also new hopes to the disease prevention and treatment. It is worth underlining that the development from “bench-side” to “bed-side” and to commercial health products must occur in a way that any effect should be prematurely promised to consumers.","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2153-0637.1000E109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70232907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Insights into the \"Obesity Paradox\" and Cardiovascular Outcomes","authors":"C. Lavie, A. Schutter, Dharmendrakumar A. Patel, T. Church, R. Arena, A. Romero‐Corral, P. McAuley, H. Ventura, R. Milani","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.1000E106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.1000E106","url":null,"abstract":"Overweight and obesity are increasing in epidemic proportions both in the United States (US) and throughout the Western World [1]. A considerable burden from cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the US has been “heavily” impacted by the obesity epidemic, with the current estimation of obesity prevalence in US children and adolescents being just under 20%, with a prevalence >33% in adults 24-74 years of age [2]. Alarmingly, the proportion of patients with either severe or morbid obesity is increasing even more so than are overweight and obesity per se [1]. Almost all of the major CVD risk factors, including glucose abnormalities (impaired fasting glucose, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus), lipid disorders (especially elevated levels of triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), hypertension (HTN) and left ventricular hypertrophy, and physical inactivity ,as well as sleep apnea, are all adversely impacted by overweight and obesity [1,3-5]. In addition, overweight and obesity may be independent risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and have adverse impacts on almost all CVD, including HTN, heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF), and sudden cardiac death [1,3-5].Despite the powerful impact, however, that overweight and obesity have on CHD risk factors, CHD, and other CVD, numerous studies and meta-analyses have addressed the “obesity paradox,” which indicates that once CVD becomes established, including CHD, HF, HTN, and AF, overweight and obese have a better prognosis than do their lean counterparts with the same CVD [1,3-7]. The obesity paradox has been discounted by some experts who have suggested that this may be due to such factors as sample size errors or by unmeasured confounding factors, as was also suggested in a recent major study of in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction [3,8,9]. However, even very large meta-analyses have demonstrated this paradox in CHD and HF [6,7]. In fact, Romero-Corral and colleagues [6] evaluated 40 studies of more than 250,000 patients with CHD and demonstrated that in patients grouped according to body mass index (BMI), those in the lowest or “normal” BMI group had the highest all-cause mortality, whereas better survival was observed in higher BMI groups. The overweight had the lowest relative risk, whereas obesity and severe obesity have no increased mortality risk. Likewise, in HF, Oreopoulos and colleagues [7] reviewed 29,000 patients from 9 major HF studies and demonstrated reductions in CV and total mortality of 19% and 16%, respectively in the overweight and 40% and 33%, respectively in the obese compared with normal-weight patients with HF. Many have blamed the obesity paradox on relatively poor accuracy of BMI to reflect true body fatness, and we agree that other measures of body composition [including waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio, and measures of visceral and peripheral adiposity] may all be superior to BMI in the assessmen","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"2012 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70233086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular Glycomics - Recent Strategies and Approaches","authors":"Xue-Long Sun","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.1000E105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.1000E105","url":null,"abstract":"Cell surface glycans existing as glycolipids, glycoproteins and proteoglycans, known as “the cellular glycome”, play fundamental biological functions and vary between cell types, stages of development and differentiation, and during disease development. Analysis of the cellular glycome provides a basis for understanding the functions of glycans in these cellular processes and molecular mechanisms of these cellular events as well. Recently, a variety of techniques have been developed to analyze the cellular glycome. These technologies include (i) lectin microarray, (ii) glycan microarray, (ii) MS spectrometry, and (iv) imaging cell surface glycans focusing on cellular glycomics, and are briefly highlighted below.","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70232881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Fitness-An Often Forgotten Cardiovascular Risk Factor","authors":"C. Lavie, Damon L. Swift, Neil M. Johannsen, R. Arena, T. Church","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.1000E104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.1000E104","url":null,"abstract":"1Department of Preventive Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA 2Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart & Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA 3Physical Therapy Program-Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation and Division of Cardiology-Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70232740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein-Linked Glycan Degradation in Infants Fed Human Milk.","authors":"David C Dallas,&nbsp;David Sela,&nbsp;Mark A Underwood,&nbsp;J Bruce German,&nbsp;Carlito Lebrilla","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.S1-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.S1-002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many human milk proteins are glycosylated. Glycosylation is important in protecting bioactive proteins and peptide fragments from digestion. Protein-linked glycans have a variety of functions; however, there is a paucity of information on protein-linked glycan degradation in either the infant or the adult digestive system. Human digestive enzymes can break down dietary disaccharides and starches, but most of the digestive enzymes required for complex protein-linked glycan degradation are absent from both human digestive secretions and the external brush border membrane of the intestinal lining. Indeed, complex carbohydrates remain intact throughout their transit through the stomach and small intestine, and are undegraded by <i>in vitro</i> incubation with either adult pancreatic secretions or intact intestinal brush border membranes. Human gastrointestinal bacteria, however, produce a wide variety of glycosidases with regio- and anomeric specificities matching those of protein-linked glycan structures. These bacteria degrade a wide array of complex carbohydrates including various protein-linked glycans. That bacteria possess glycan degradation capabilities, whereas the human digestive system, perse, does not, suggests that most dietary protein-linked glycan breakdown will be of bacterial origin. In addition to providing a food source for specific bacteria in the colon, protein-linked glycans from human milk may act as decoys for pathogenic bacteria to prevent invasion and infection of the host. The composition of the intestinal microbiome may be particularly important in the most vulnerable humans-the elderly, the immunocompromised, and infants (particularly premature infants).</p>","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"Suppl 1 ","pages":"002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3923763/pdf/nihms547795.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32121210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish oil metabolites: translating promising findings from bench to bedside to reduce cardiovascular disease.","authors":"P Calderon Artero, C Champagne, S Garigen, Sa Mousa, Rc Block","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.1000104","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2153-0637.1000104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease is an inflammatory process and the leading cause of death in the United States. Novel omega-3 derived potent lipid mediators, termed resolvins and protectins, have been identified as major pathophysiologic players in the resolution phase of the inflammatory response. Potent lipid mediators offer tremendous metabolic and pathophysiologic insights in regard to the risk and treatment of cardiovascular disease. In this review, resolvins and protectins are described and analyzed as accelerators of discovery via their potential role as biomarkers for research and clinical decision making in cardiovascular disease. Specific barriers relating to biomarker validation, laboratory methods, and improvement of risk models are introduced and discussed. Potential therapeutic impacts in cardiovascular disease are also mentioned with special consideration for cost-saving implications with respect to dietary fish oil as an alternative to resolvin and protectin treatment. Given the high tolerability of fish oil supplements and previously described benefits of omega-3 fatty acid intake in cardiovascular disease, we conclude that resolvins and protectins are set to soon take center stage as future biomarkers and well-tolerated therapies for cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3372925/pdf/nihms369925.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30698463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycosphingolipid Mediated Caveolin-1 Oligomerization.","authors":"Liming Shu,&nbsp;James A Shayman","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.S2-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.S2-003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have previously demonstrated an association between the accumulation of the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and the loss of high molecular weight oligomers in the aortas of α-galactosidase A-knockout mice, a model of Fabry disease. In the present study the molecular basis for the association between glycosphingolipids and caveolin-1 oligomerization was further investigated. Cellular glycosphingolipids were selectively depleted by treatment with a series of sphingolipid synthesis inhibitors, including D-<i>threo</i>-ethylenedioxyphenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-pyrrolidino-propanol, fumonisin B1 and myriocin. The depletion of glycosphingolipids resulted in the loss of high molecular mass oligomers of caveolin-1 in plasma membranes of cultured ECV-304 cells as well as in the caveolar fractions of Hela cells as measured by immunoblotting. The disruption of caveolin-1 high molecular weight oligomer formation caused by changes of composition of glycosphingolipids may be directly involved in the interruption of cellular functions including caveolar stabilization, membrane trafficking and signal transduction. These results suggest a specific role for glycosphingolipidsin the caveolar co-localization and oligomerization of caveolin-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"Suppl 2 ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3678384/pdf/nihms372251.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31507450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycosciences and Glycomics","authors":"K. Kakehi","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.1000E103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.1000E103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70232687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods in Comprehensive Mass Spectrometry-Based Measurement of Sphingolipids","authors":"N. Gassler","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.S2-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.S2-002","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular analysis of lipids has essentially improved by introduction of multidimensional mass spectrometry. This important technique allows identification and quantification of complex sphingolipids, e.g. glycosphingolipids and ceramides, from diverse intestinal sources including liver and bowel. In the following a short overview is given concerning this important technical tool which facilitates molecular characterization of lipids in intestinal physiology and diseases.","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"2012 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70234332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Glycomics' Approaches: Subprojects and Journals","authors":"V. Pomin","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.1000E102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.1000E102","url":null,"abstract":"After the era of genome, proteome, metabolome, and lipidome, the age of glycome has launched in biology bringing so far more challenges than the first “ome” projects. The long major conception of carbohydrates as just energetically involved class of biomolecules (basically until early 80’s) has fallen apart as innumerable other essential biological roles have been documented. The current glycomics’ boom [1] has been proving the importance of this class of molecules in many fields regarding the sciences of chemistry and biology. And nowadays the amount of data concerning biological actions of carbohydrates is very high which turned out to be impossible to enlist all types of action together at once. Such actions involve not only essential roles in cell [2] like growth, migration, differentiation or signaling events, or in physiology [2] like immunology, hematology, and histology, but within a different context, carbohydrates can also exhibit potent biomedical applications as anticoagulant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antivirotic, antipathogenic, antitumorigenic, antimetastatic, antiangiogenic agents, among other therapeutic uses [3,4].","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70232640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}