Journal of glycomics & lipidomics最新文献

{"title":"A Comparison of Glycomics in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes","authors":"Ankita Dey, Shanawaz Shaik","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.1000140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.1000140","url":null,"abstract":"Glycomes are found in organisms in Free State or in complex molecules these are widely distributed in nature. The study of these sugars is Glycomics, it can also be defined as systematic study of glycan structures present in cells and organisms. Proteoglycan, glycoprotein, glycolipid are types of glycoconjugates, the carbohydrate portion found in them is Glycan. Study related to it is called as Glycobiology. Glycobiology involves study of structures and biology of glycans and biosynthesis of it [1,2].","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"6 1","pages":"140-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70232562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Need for Commercially Available Defined Oxidized (Phospho)lipids","authors":"K. Engel, Jenny Schroeter, Yulia Popkova, J. Schiller","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.1000E126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.1000E126","url":null,"abstract":"Phospholipids are essential components of cell membranes and organelles. Furthermore, they are present in body fluids, particularly in the blood, where lipids are made \"water-soluble\" in the form of lipoproteins to enable their transport in an aqueous environment [1]. The ubiquitous occurrence of lipids led to the development of different analytical \"lipidomics\" techniques, whereby the majority of these methods are based on mass spectrometry (MS) [2]. Although there was an enormous progress in this field, lipid analysis is still considered to be challenging due to the extreme structural variability of lipids which leads to the appearance of hundreds of different lipid species in a typical biological sample [3]. This is due to (a) the different headgroups such as phosphorylcholine or -ethanolamine, (b) the different fatty acyl residues ranging from saturated residues such as myristic acid (14:0) up to highly unsaturated residues such as docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) and (c) the linkage types (acyl-acyl-, alkyl-acyl-, and alkenyl-acyl) [4]. All these structural aspects cannot be assessed in a single MS experiment using the m/z ratios only. Either LC separation prior to MS, sophisticated MS/MS techniques and/or additional methods such as ion mobility spectroscopy is mandatory [5]. It must also be emphasized that quantitative data can only be (if at all) obtained when suitable lipid standards are used: one stable-isotope-labelled (deuterated or 13C-labelled) standard per lipid class is normally needed [6]. These standards are also useful to correct losses of dedicated lipid classes upon the extraction process which is necessary for the enrichment of lipids as well as the removal of salts and other contaminations. Although such isotope-labelled standards are quite expensive, they are nowadays commercially available from many companies. Unfortunately, the situation is much more difficult when oxidized lipids are of interest.","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70233653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Features and Anti-Complement Activity of an Acidic Polysaccharide from Forsythia suspensa","authors":"S. Shi, Hui Lian, Chao Zhu, Huijun Wang, Ruimin Liu, S. Bligh, Shunchun Wang","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.1000138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.1000138","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The complement system is an important host defence mechanism against the invasion of foreign materials. However, excessive or uncontrolled activation of the complement system might lead to severe complement-mediated disorders which are harmful to human bodies. There are still no desirable therapeutic compounds available on the market for complement inhibition. In recent years, researches have been focused on natural polysaccharides to modulate of the immune system because of their immunomodulatory activities and safety. In this study, Fs-8-ba2, a homogeneous acidic polysaccharide (MW ca. 7.2 kDa) was isolated from Forsythia suspensa and its anti-complementary effect was investigated. \u0000Method: The major primary structural features of Fs-8-ba2 were elucidated using HPGPC, IR, absolute configuration, component analysis and methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, carboxyl reduction partial acid hydrolysis, and NMR spectroscopy, etc. To identify the anti-complementary activity of Fs-8-ba2, the hemolytic assays through the classical pathway (CP) and the alternative pathway (AP) of complement system in vitro were taken. \u0000Results: The backbone of Fs-8-ba2 was composed of 7 homogalacturonan (HG) and 2 rhamnogalacturonan (RG-I) moieties with the side chains attached at O-4 of 1,2,4-linked α-L-Rha in the RG-I moieties. The anti-complement assay showed that the native acidic polysaccharide (Fs-8-ba2) possessed stronger inhibitory effect on the complement activation than the carboxyl-reduced polysaccharide (Fs-8-ba2re) through the classical (IC50: 0.311 ± 0.020 mg/mL vs. 3.292 ± 0.032 mg/mL) and alternative pathways (IC50: 0.218 ± 0.015 mg/mL vs. no activity). It indicated that the anti-complement effect of pectic polysaccharide was related to GalA content (carboxyl group). Preliminary mechanism studies by using complement-depleted sera indicated that Fs-8-ba2 selectively interacted with C1q, C1r, C1s, C2, C3 and C9, but not C4 and C5. \u0000Conclusion: These results suggested that Fs-8-ba2, an acidic polysaccharide, could be of potential benefits in the treatment of the complement-mediated diseases.","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2153-0637.1000138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70232334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety Assessment of Esporão de Galo (Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent) Crude Extract from Leaves: Acute and Subacute Toxicity Studies in Male Rats","authors":"Silva Arh, Froeder Alf, K. C. Figueredo, Noda Jm, R. BorbadeFreitas, L. Nunes, L. Pappis, A. Boligon, Cardoso Ms, R. Moresco, M. Veiga, AthaydeML, L. Bauermann, G. Hubscher","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.1000137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.1000137","url":null,"abstract":"Celtis iguanaea is popularly known as “Esporao-de-galo” in Portuguese and its leaves are traditionally used in infusion forms as analgesic, antiasthmatic, digestive and diuretic. The aim of this study was to assess the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the crude extract from the Celtis iguanaea leaves in male rats. The toxicity studies were based on the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD-guidelines 423 and 407). In the acute study, a single dose of 2000 mg/kg of C. iguanaea was administered orally. In the sub-acute study, the extract was administered orally to male rats with doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Behavioral changes and biochemical, hematological, and histological analysis were evaluated. The acute administration of C. iguanaea did not cause changes in behavior or mortality. At the sub-acute toxicity study, we observed an increase of glucose and a decrease of the aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) enzyme. Celtis iguanaea, after acute administration, may be classified as safe (category 5), according to the OECD guide. However, the alterations observed after sub-acute administration with high doses of crude extract from the C. iguanaea leaves suggest that more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of action.","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70232273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PPARs and their role in diabetic dyslipidaemia","authors":"Manish Khanolkar","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.C1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.C1.003","url":null,"abstract":"T 2 diabetes (T2D) is often associated with metabolic syndrome that is characterised by a peculiar dyslipidaemia comprising of elevated serum triglyceride levels in association with low HDL-Cholesterol levels (HDL-C). This disordered metabolic state leads to a build up of fatty acids in the liver and skeletal muscles, making these tissues resistant to the effects of insulin. The initial response of the body to insulin resistance is to increase insulin production that is effected by the beta cells of pancreas. Eventually, the beta cells are overwhelmed and can no longer produce enough insulin to maintain normoglycaemia, leading to the development of T2D.","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70234147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic analyses reveal distinct roles for L-DOPA and edaravone in protection of neurons against oxidative stress in","authors":"Simon GeirMller","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.C1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.C1.002","url":null,"abstract":"T presentation will provide an overview of Renascions Association Links (ReAL), an innovative approach to drug development during clinical stages. This technology is a unique translational platform that combines drug MOAs, pathway genetics, population genetics and clinical outcomes in order to link genotypic information to phenotypic outcomes in clinical trials. Through ReAL, clinical data are redistributed into genetically based subgroups and clinical outcomes (efficacy and or safety) in sub-populations are examined more closely in order to yield higher clinical efficiency. The integration of genomic technologies into clinical development is complex for example, it consists of biomarker discovery, retrospective validations, prospective validations, etc. Renascions offers the Renascions Association Links (ReAL) approach, a unique method based on its proprietary collections of data samples to generate sub-population distributions based on the genetics of drug MOA and allows pharmaceuticals to redistribute its clinical outcomes and reexamine its efficacy and side effects in each sub-group with ReAL distributions. ReAL has worked with a half dozen clinical programs and has proven that its applications are not limited by drug type or disease. With clear MOAs, ReAL has successfully improved clinical outcome by increasing efficacy and safety profiles in clinical trials. In this presentation, Renascions will share our experience and challenges and the future potential of using ReAL technologies.","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70234554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid replacement therapy for enhancing mitochondrial function and improving chronic disease symptoms and aging","authors":"Garth L Nicolson","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.C1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.C1.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"05 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70233749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Adipose Tissue Expression of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)-7 in Obese Individuals: Significance in Metabolic Disease","authors":"Sardar Sindhu, Ajit Wilson, N. Akhter, S. Shenouda, Shihab Kochumon, K. Behbehani, R. Ahmad","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.1000136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.1000136","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the innate immune receptors and some are now found to be involved in metabolic inflammation. TLR4 and TLR2 expressed on cell surface have emerged as immunometabolic receptors, however, the status of endocytic TLRs, especially TLR7 in metabolic disease remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the adipose tissue expression of TLR7 in obese individuals. \u0000Methods: For this purpose, biopsy samples of periumbilical (subcutaneous) fat were collected from 49 individuals classified based on body mass index (BMI) as 22 obese (BMI=34.13±2.81 kg/m2), 18 overweight (BMI=28.26±1.20 kg/m2), and 9 lean (BMI=22.61±2.40 kg/m2) subjects. Expression of the TLR7, TLR-signaling components (MyD88, IRAK1, and TRAF6), macrophage markers (CD68 and CD11c), and inflammatory cytokine (IL-18) was determined by quantitative realtime RT-PCR. Systemic inflammatory marker (C-reactive protein) plasma concentrations were determined by commercial ELISA kit. Data were analyzed using t-test and Pearson’s correlation (r). \u0000Results: We found that TLR7 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in obese (P=0.028) and overweight (P=0.043) as compared with lean individuals; this increase correlated with BMI (r=0.35 P=0.014) and body fat percentage (r=0.39 P=0.007). Moreover, TLR7 gene expression correlated positively/significantly with TLR signaling cascade proteins (MyD88: r=0.39 P=0.005; IRAK1: r=0.38 P=0.008), monocyte/macrophage markers (CD68: r=0.65 P<0.0001; CD11c: r=0.43 P=0.002), and inflammatory signatures (IL-18: r=0.53 P=0.0001; CRP: r=0.44 P=0.008). \u0000Conclusion: The upregulated adipose tissue TLR7 expression in obesity is congruent with metabolic inflammatory state and may represent an immune marker in metabolic disease.","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70232622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the Adipose Tissue Expression of CD86 Costimulatory Ligand and CD163 Scavenger Receptor in Obesity and Type-2 Diabetes: Implication for Metabolic Disease","authors":"Sardar Sindhu, Reeby Thomas, Shihab Kochumon, Eman Alshawaf, Amal Hasan, Munera Alghanim, Kazem Behbehanil, R. Ahmad","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.1000135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.1000135","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The CD86 costimulatory ligand and CD163 scavenger receptor are expressed on monocytes/macrophages. However, modulations in the expression of these immune regulatory receptors in metabolic disease remain unclear. We, therefore, compared the adipose tissue expression of CD86/CD163 and signature inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in non-diabetic and diabetic individuals. \u0000Methods: Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were collected from 57 non-diabetics and 46 diabetics classified based on body mass index as obese, overweight and lean and the expression of CD86/CD163 was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry/ confocal microscopy. Results: The data show that CD86 and CD163 gene expression was elevated in non-diabetic obese individuals as compared with their lean counterparts (P [CD86] = 0.0035; P [CD163] = 0.0028). As expected, CD86 and CD163 protein expression was also found to be elevated in the adipose tissue samples of obese individuals. The CD86 gene expression in non-diabetic and diabetic individuals correlated positively (P<0.05) with that of TNF-α (r [non-diabetic] = 0.26; r [diabetic] = 0.49), IL-18 (r [non-diabetic] = 0.67; r [diabetic] = 0.63), and IL-8 (r [non-diabetic] = 0.38; r [diabetic] = 0.33). The CD86 gene expression correlated significantly with that of IL-23 and IP-10 in non-diabetic individuals. The CD86 gene expression also correlated with glycated hemoglobin (r [diabetic] = 0.38; P = 0.007). In parallel, CD163 gene expression also correlated positively (P<0.05) with TNF-α (r [non-diabetic] = 0.35; r [diabetic] = 0.38), IL-18 (r [non-diabetic] = 0.72; r [diabetic] = 0.71), IL-23 (r [non-diabetic] = 0.28), and IL-8 (r [non-diabetic] = 0.58; r [diabetic] = 0.35). The adipose tissue expression of IL-18 independently predicted the expression of CD86 and CD163 both in non-diabetic and diabetic individuals. \u0000Conclusion: The adipose tissue expression of CD86 and CD163 is elevated in obesity and T2D which has consensus with inflammatory signatures and represents novel immune markers for metabolic inflammation.","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70232543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of Il-5 with Th1 and Th2 Cytokines in Individuals with or without Type-2 Diabetes","authors":"R. Ahmad, A. Al-Roub, Merin Koshy, Sardar Sindhu, K. Behbehani","doi":"10.4172/2153-0637.1000134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-0637.1000134","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Changes in plasma levels of T-cell cytokines may result in inflammatory disorders, including metabolic disease. The changes in circulatory IL-5 levels in obesity and type-2 diabetes (T2D) and their relationship with major Th1 and Th2 cytokines are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine obesity/T2D-associated perturbation in plasma IL-5 levels and investigates its association with Th1/Th2 cytokine levels in the circulation. \u0000Experiment: Plasma samples were collected from 43 diabetic and 22 non-diabetic individuals selected over a wide range of body mass index (BMI), and further classified as obese (BMI=31-40 kg/cm2), overweight (BMI=26-30 kg/cm2), and lean (BMI=18-25 kg/cm2). Clinical metabolic parameters were determined using commercial kits. IL-5 and Th1/ Th2 cytokines were measured using Luminex X-MAP® technology. The data were compared using unpaired t-test and dependence between two variables was assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). \u0000Results: In the diabetic cohort, circulatory IL-5 levels were significantly lower as compared to non-diabetic counterparts (Diabetic: 1.55 ± 0.23 pg/ml; Non diabetic: 3.31 ± 0.49 pg/ml; P=0.0004). Furthermore, we found that in diabetic individuals, plasma IL-5 levels were found to be significantly higher (P=0.036) in obese group (1.488 ± 0.21 pg/ ml) as compared with lean+overweight group (1.03 ± 0.13 pg/ml). In diabetic individuals, IL-5 levels correlated positively with Th1/Th2 cytokines including IL-12 (r=0.68, P=0.002), IL-3 (r=0.97, p=0.001) and G-CSF (r=0.57, p=0.0001). While in non-diabetic individuals, IL-5 levels correlated positively with IL-2 (r=0.83, P=0.0005), IL-12 (r=0.66, P=0.0014), IL-3 (r=0.82, P=0.0054), IL-6 (r=0.802, P=0.009), IL-9 (r=0.88, P=0.0075), IL-10 (r=0.787, P=0.008), IL-13 (r=0.84, P=0.0002), and G-CSF (r=0.82, P=0.0001). Moreover, plasma IL-5 levels in diabetic individuals associated positively with clinical metabolic indicators including BMI (r=0.54, P=0.0001), fasting blood glucose (r=0.29, P=0.05) and glycated hemoglobin (r=0.32, P=0.034). \u0000Conclusion: The changes in circulatory IL-5 levels show differential association with Th1/Th2 cytokines in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals which may have immunometabolic significance.","PeriodicalId":89585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of glycomics & lipidomics","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70232437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}