{"title":"The Truths We Hold","authors":"Aliya Holmes","doi":"10.29034/ijmra.v13n1commentary1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v13n1commentary1","url":null,"abstract":"This essay takes a critical look at the beliefs we embrace in this society as “truths” and the inconsistencies that surround many of these concepts especially when they involve those of African Diaspora. The essay challenges us to critically analyze the narratives we have been taught and uncover a new “truth” rooted in factual evidence in an effort to facilitate healthy dialogue around equity and access in education, in America, and throughout the world.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45032686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dialogue is Anything but Silent: A Foreword to the Black Lives Matter Special Issue","authors":"Charlotte Abrams, S. Abrams","doi":"10.29034/ijmra.v13n1foreword","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v13n1foreword","url":null,"abstract":"This foreword to the Black Lives Matter special issue looks to embrace active listening and open dialogue via writing, and it calls attention to the confines of traditional publishing that otherwise do not support dialogue in writing. Building upon Onwuegbuzie’s (2021) Framework for Promoting Anti-Racism in America, the foreword begins with sections that address the need to “engage in continuous self-reflection,” “listen more than you speak,” “whenever possible, collaborate with Black faculty,” and “refrain from conducting research that promotes cultural deficit models.” Thereafter, the voices of Dr. Aliya E. Holmes, Dr. David Bell, Kesshem Williams, and Leslie Laboriel underscore the courage necessary to share experiences and to engage in open dialogue; change is anything but silent.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41891392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Problems of Honorary Work in German Sports Clubs–A Qualitative-Dominated Crossover Mixed Methods Study","authors":"Stefan König, S. Greve","doi":"10.29034/ijmra.v12n3a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v12n3a4","url":null,"abstract":"In crossover mixed analyses, one form of data is analyzed applying techniques that usually are associated with the alternative paradigm in order to yield a higher level of data integration. This basic principle is implemented in equal-status studies and in quantitative- as well as in qualitative-dominated approaches. Focusing on the latter, data conversion has been a vital issue of mixed methods research for many years, likely because it entails quantitizing narrative data to provide a basis for descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Referring hereon, this article presents a qualitative-dominated crossover mixed methods study dealing with the problem of honorary work in German sports clubs, an issue that has been intensively discussed in sports and in other areas of society due to some alarming developments in social life. In this process, the issue of honorary work is utilized as an example of demonstrating a methodology. The design presented in this article involved use of a crossover analysis that converts narrative data into numerical data and involves analysis of the new data set using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) with the aim of discovering patterns among the multidimensional data. In turn, these patterns are interpreted against the background of the first qualitative strand to enhance our understanding. Thus, this study is to be referred to as qualitative-dominated because the sets of qualitative analyses are more comprehensive and important and the researchers have taken a stance that is constructivist, while concurrently believing that quantitative data adds value to this approach.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45560633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advancing 1+1=1 Fully Integrated Designs using a Five Formative Figures Approach","authors":"David P. Reeping, Cherie Edwards","doi":"10.29034/ijmra.v12n3a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v12n3a1","url":null,"abstract":"For designs aiming to be fully integrated, lacking concrete tools to facilitate connections between methods and inferences stymie efforts toward advancing solutions to the “1+1=1 integration challenge.” Therefore, this article highlights formative joint displays as a mixing strategy to signpost explicit integration points in a mixed methods research design. Specifically, we present a practical moniker of Five Formative Figures to encapsulate a framework for using formative joint displays at each stage of the design. We situate these formative joint displays in fully integrated mixed methods designs, mixing across all phases of the research process. This article draws from a 4-stage, fully integrated study on the organization of and language use in transfer student webpages on institutional websites, highlighting how the methods are applicable beyond the original context. We provide example displays for the planning/research questions, data collection, sampling, analysis, and inference stages of the study. Although the moniker suggests using five joint displays, formative joint displays could be used several times to connect different aspects of the design and to form tightly integrated meta-inferences. This work demonstrates the capacity of formative joint displays to ensure mixing in the design formulation and to connect inferences across strands in a single design.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42492655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Promoting Conceptual Understanding of Q Methodology using Insights from Science Education","authors":"S. Ramlo","doi":"10.29034/ijmra.v12n3a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v12n3a3","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its 80-year history and association with mixed research, Q methodology [Q] has inconsistent terminology, especially as its use expands. Both critics of Q and Q-researchers offer inconsistent nomenclature, processes, and concepts. Furthermore, critics and some Q-researchers struggle with the idea of mixed research, especially integrated analyses and mistakenly draw on quantitative reasoning from their prior research experiences. Possibly, for these and other reasons, larger methodological considerations are often ignored in Q-publications. This situation complicates application of this unique methodology, especially for those new to Q. This article considers Q in the context of science education, and draws from scientific fields to make points about Q. In this spirit, in physics, the ability to perform the mechanics of analyses does not necessarily indicate understanding of concepts or terminology. Additionally, physics students also draw on prior experiences, which leads to misconceptions regarding the laws and concepts of physics. Similarly, I believe that those performing a Q study need to move beyond “doing Q” despite the fact that specialized software facilitates producing results without deeper understanding of the methodology. Therefore, in this article, the idea of conceptual understanding is introduced within the context of science education and then expanded into Q methodology. The importance of understanding the conceptual and philosophical framework of Q is stressed along with the importance of using a common nomenclature. Implications for other research methodologies are included.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45213641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Onwuegbuzie, Emmanuel O. Ojo, Annie Burger, Talitha Crowley, Samantha P. Adams, B. J. Bergsteedt
{"title":"Challenges Experienced by Students at Stellenbosch University that Hinder their Ability Successfully to Learn Online during the COVID-19 era: A Demographic and Spatial Analysis","authors":"A. Onwuegbuzie, Emmanuel O. Ojo, Annie Burger, Talitha Crowley, Samantha P. Adams, B. J. Bergsteedt","doi":"10.29034/ijmra.v12n3editorial2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v12n3editorial2","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this meta-methods study (i.e., involving the full[er] integration of multiple methods research approaches and mixed methods research approaches) was to examine challenges experienced by students at Stellenbosch University that hinder their ability successfully to learn online during the emergency remote teaching that began in April 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, 1,932 students completed an online questionnaire. Analyses of the open-ended responses via WordStat 8.0.29 topic modeling (i.e., crossover mixed analysis) led to the identification of seven (challenge) themes that categorised the students’ challenges. In turn, via a principal component analysis of the themes (i.e., crossover mixed analysis), these seven themes were collapsed into four dimensions (i.e., meta-themes). A latent class analysis (i.e., qualitizing) yielded seven profiles of students. Disaggregating the themes by demographic and location variables led to the identification of subgroups who are most at risk for experiencing each challenge type. Implications of these and other findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42499666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating Mixed Methods Research Integration Quality in Three Top Journals of Higher Education","authors":"Yifu Zhou, Yuchun Zhou, Lijing Yang, Shouhua Yu","doi":"10.29034/ijmra.v12n3a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v12n3a2","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed methods research (MMR) has been adopted in a variety of disciplines, including health science, social studies, psychology, early childhood, and business. More recently, higher education researchers adopted this methodology, but with limited evaluation on the quality of published mixed methods research. To enhance researchers’ understanding of using MMR, we developed a 4-dimension codebook and reviewed 14 recently published mixed methods research articles that were published in 3 top journals in higher education. We found that researchers used 3 effective strategies to approach integration: (a) using a mixed methods research question to guide the mixed methods (MM) design, (b) using effective mixed methods sampling strategies to collect different types of data for the purpose of integration, and (c) using mixing techniques to interpret results for optimal maximum integration. Apart from the 3 effective integration strategies, a few insufficiencies have been singled out: (a) infrequent use of MM terminologies in the article title, (b) limited familiarity with MM data mixing strategies, and (c) non-optimal reporting of MM results. At the end, we synthesized the useful integration strategies and developed a checklist for higher education researchers to design high-quality mixed methods research studies.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45151615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"To Use or Not to Use?: A Mixed Methods Study on Predictors and Barriers of Condom Use Among College Students","authors":"Olga Pysmenna, S. Korotchenko, S. Hou","doi":"10.29034/IJMRA.V12N2A4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/IJMRA.V12N2A4","url":null,"abstract":"Unprotected anal sex is one of the highest-risk sexual behaviors associated with high rates of STIs. College students often engage in sexual risky behaviors without consistently using condoms. This study examined predictors of condom use among students who engaged in anal sex (n = 242) at an American Southeastern university. Using a convergent research design, researchers used both quantitative and qualitative data to answer the research question. The quantitative data showed that partner communication and gender were statistically significant predictors of condom use. Qualitative results indicated the importance of communication between partners and knowledge of a partner’s HIV status. Qualitative data also revealed that experiential attitudes are an important factor of condom non-use in anal sex. Merged results illustrated that students tend not to use condoms during anal sex overall and the importance of communication between partners.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":"12 1","pages":"216-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46667684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stories of Breast Cancer: Using Textual Analysis and Analytics to Understand Better the Illness Experience","authors":"Jennifer B. Gray, W. Winn, J. Cazier, Sam Volstad","doi":"10.29034/IJMRA.V12N2A3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/IJMRA.V12N2A3","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer, the second most common cancer among women, is a multidimensional experience, leading to stressors associated with pain, trauma, emotional upheaval, changes in identity and roles, and fear of death. Although certain aspects of breast cancer are universal, many elements are particular to the illness experience of individual patients. Increasingly, patients’ writing about their illness experiences has been shown to help in understanding and making sense of such experiences. A rich supply of stories are available online as women share their stories through social media. To examine these stories, the present article details a novel mixed methods text analytics study of a large sample of blogs revealing clusters of meaning surrounding the breast cancer experience. This approach includes quantitative methods that allow for gleaning of clusters of meaning pertaining to women’s use of frequently associated words, whereas qualitative methods allow for interpretation through close textual analysis of women’s words as well as generated clusters. The most frequent and least frequent clusters suggest stronger associations of support communities, as well as daily and clinical experiences with the illness, and very infrequent associations of prevention and detection information. Results suggest new methodological avenues for exploring illness experiences, as well as areas for improvement in supporting women with breast cancer and potential holes in prevention and detection information surrounding the illness.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":"12 1","pages":"202-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48867841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"STEMming Within a Double Minority: How the Impostor Syndrome Affects Black Women Ph.D. Students","authors":"Marsha Simon","doi":"10.29034/IJMRA.V12N2A2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/IJMRA.V12N2A2","url":null,"abstract":"In this mixed methods research study, I used P. H. Collins’s (2000) Black feminist epistemology to examine how the impostor syndrome influenced the experiences of Black women students pursuing doctoral studies in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). To analyze the difference between the levels of the impostor syndrome reported by Black Ph.D. women students and the levels of the impostor syndrome reported by non-Black women Ph.D. students, participants (n = 216) completed the Clance Impostor Phenomenon scale in the quantitative phase. I conducted interviews with 10 Black women as well as a follow-up focus group interview (n = 5) in the qualitative phase. There was no statistically significant difference in the scores of the Black women Ph.D. students compared to other Ph.D. students. Constant comparative analysis of the qualitative data generated five themes used to integrate findings from the quantitative phase to explicate the intersectionality among race, gender, and the impostor syndrome in STEM fields.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":"12 1","pages":"185-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42711636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}